Digital Commons Network^™

Participation And The Poor: Social Accountability Institutions And Poverty Reduction In Brazil, Michael Touchton, Brian Wampler, Natasha Borges Sugiyama

Political Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Democracy, according to a large body of research, contributes to human development by improving citizens' lives (Prezeworkski et al. 2000; Gerrign et al. 2012; McGuire 2010; Baum and Lake 2003; Gerring et al. 2015). Broad evidence demonstrates that democracies provide higher standards of living, on average, for their citizens than authoritarian countries (Boix 2001; Brown and Hunter 2004; Brown and Mobarak 2009; Besley and Kudamatsu 2006; Lake and Baum 2001). But what is it about democratic practice that enhances the quality of its citizens' lives? Proponents argue that democratic practices such as competitive elections, checks and balances, and protection of …

Lessons And Best Practices For Designers Of Fast Track, Low Value, High Volume Global E-Commerce Odr Systems, Louis F. Del Duca, Colin Rule, Brian Cressman

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

The momentum behind development of global online fast track low value high volume dispute resolution (hereafter ODR) continues to accelerate. Consumer and business groups around the world are promoting fair, proportionate, effective, online, fast track redress for low value high volume cross border e-commerce disputes. As a result, there will continue to be increasing demand for a variety of effective ODR systems design and procedural rules. Best practices developed by entities like eBay and lessons learned from the work of UNCITRAL Working Group III can be helpful in developing framework models for fast track low value high volume e-commerce ODR …

Community Leaders' Perspectives On Shale Development In The New Albany Shale, Ryan G. Ceresola, Jessica Crowe

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Shale development, which uses the controversial energy extraction technique of hydraulic fracturing, is on the rise in America, with industries recently investigating the New Albany shale play in southern Illinois and western Kentucky. We ask: what do community leaders in this region think about shale development generally, and how do they come to their decisions? To answer these questions, we interviewed eighteen community leaders, twelve of whom were proponents of shale development. We show proponents speak on shale development as a positive by claiming 1) any jobs are beneficial for the community, 2) shale development is not different from other …

The Impact Of Rurality, Community Attachment, And Community Involvement On Health Among Rural Texans, Jin Young Choi, E. Miranda Reiter, Gene L. Theodori

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

This study examines the differences in three health status indicators by rurality and the effects of community attachment and involvement on health among rural residents in Texas. We use the 2013 Texas Rural Survey (TRS) data, which include information on a representative sample of 757 rural Texas residents. The results show that the three health status indicators – self-rated general health, functional status of physical health, and functional status of mental health – are predicted by different factors. Overall, residents in small places often reported better health than those in medium-sized and large places. Community attachment and involvement were shown …

Final Report: Predicting Effects Of Climate Change On Riparian Obligate Species In The Southwestern United States, Jacek Tomasz Giermakowski, James R. Hatten, Matthew J. Johnson, Jennifer A. Holmes, Erika M. Nowak, Michael Peters

Faculty and Staff Publications

The Lower Colorado River and Rio Grande Basins are home to many riparian vertebrate species with different degrees of rarity. In our study, we focused on two species of birds and two species of gartersnakes that are associated with riparian areas: the Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens), the Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia), the Northern Mexican Gartersnake (Thamnophis eques megalops) and the Narrow-headed Gartersnake (T. rufipunctatus). While the extent of distributions of these species is relatively large, they are often patchily distributed in populations that are small; in addition, both gartersnake species are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. Aside …

Admissions Report - Detailed Data - December 2015, Office Of Institutional Research & Effectiveness, Wright State University

Admissions Reports

Detailed report of applicants to Wright State including data on county of residency, intended major, and ethnicity for Fall Semester 2015.

The Political Theory Of Treaties In The Restatements Of Foreign Relations Law, John T. Parry

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Expectations Of The Exemplar: An Exploration Of The Burdens On Public School Teachers In The Absence Of Tenure, Jacqueline A. Meese

City University of New York Law Review

No abstract provided.

Explaining Crimmigration In Indonesia: A Discourse Of The Fight Against People Smuggling, Irregular Migration Control, And Symbolic Criminalization, Anugerah Rizki Akbari

Indonesia Law Review

Controlling migration in the world's largest archipelago brings various challenges to Indonesian authorities that differ from other countries. The difficulties become even more complicated since Indonesia has been known as the most favorite transit country for people who want to migrate to Australia due to its strategic geographical location, which is situated between the continents of Asia and Australia and between the Pacific and Indian oceans. Following this, the decision of choosing the mechanism of criminal law to deal with irregular migration from the start leads Indonesia to its acknowledgment as a country who is vulnerable to the trend of …

Pricing Disintermediation: Crowdfunding And Online Auction Ipos, A. Christine Hurt

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Indigeneity, Diaspora, And Ethical Turn In Anzaldúa’S Borderlands/La Frontera, Hsinya Huang

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

In her article "Indigeneity, Diaspora, and Ethical Turn in Anzaldúa's Borderlands/La Frontera" Hsinya Huang discusses indigeneity vis-à-vis diaspora, two concepts often used as if they were necessarily antagonistic and antithetical to one another. While in diaspora studies Native people are marginalized, Huang resituates the figure of the Native to the core of diasporic discussion by tracing the movement, migration, or scattering of Native people from their established or ancestral homeland. Drawing on Gloria Anzaldúa's life narrative in Borderlands/La Frontera, Huang advances the concept of the ethical turn in diaspora studies by questioning the master narrative regarding …

Automatic Detection And Quantification Of Bluff Erosion Events In Single Image Series, Martin D. Hellwig

Graduate Masters Theses

Many communities along coastlines and riverbanks are threatened by water erosion and hence an accurate model to predict erosion events is needed in order to plan mitigation strategies. Such models need to rely on readily available meteorological data that may or may not be correlated with the occurrence of erosion events. In order to accurately study these potential correlations, researchers need a quantified time series index indicating the occurrence and magnitude of erosion in the studied area. We show that such an index can be obtained by creating and analyzing a single image series using relatively cheap consumer grade digital …

Managing Productivity In The Infrastructure Sector: A Case Study From Indonesia, Eric R. W. Knight

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

This paper considers the nature of assessing productivity and effectiveness in infrastructure investment in the context of governments increasing investment in new infrastructure. Taking the case of energy infrastructure investment within Indonesia, this paper makes three contributions: (i) develops a model for assessing infrastructure productivity based on landscape, regime and niche-level changes, (ii) suggests the interconnection between these levels based on sequencing multi-level changes over time, and (iii) shows the role of supply and demand side initiatives in enabling new infrastructure investment is evaluated.

Technical Efficiency Levels Of Rural Banks (Bprs) In West Java: A Stochastic Frontier Approach, Putu Natih

Economics and Finance in Indonesia

There is considerable evidence from around the world to support the idea that access to formal financial services is a key factor towards achieving poverty alleviation. The government of Indonesia has placed high importance on the issue of improved access to financial services and one feels that it would be appropriate to begin the process of analyzing effective financial inclusion initiatives with the existing Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) system. BPRs have long been an integral part of Indonesia's financial, economic, and social development. This research is focused on BPRs in West Java. In this research, the writer evaluates BPR performance …

Environmental Dimensions Of Colonial Settlement: A Palynological Investigation Of La Cienega, New Mexico, Kyle W. Edwards

Graduate Masters Theses

Using palynological data, this project explores how changing land use practices associated with successive waves of colonial settlement shaped local environments in La Cienega, New Mexico. This is accomplished by linking collected pollen data to known historic occupations beginning with pre-colonial Puebloan populations and continuing through the present day, encompassing both Hispanic and Anglo-American colonial occupations. The data were collected from a single sediment core taken at a small pond located within La Cienega. Pollen from 12 samples was analyzed, providing a 600-year record of changes within local plant communities. The collected data are interpreted in relation to known archaeological …

Should Indonesia Accede To The 1951 Refugee Convention And Its 1967 Protocol?, Dita Liliansa, Anbar Jayadi

Indonesia Law Review

Being a non-party to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (“1951 Refugee Convention”) and 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees (“1967 Protocol”), Indonesia does not have legal obligations to provide permanent resettlement for asylum seeker and/or refugee. However, as a transit country for those seeking shelter in Australia, Indonesia undergoes a myriad of issues resulting from illegal entrance by asylum seeker and/or refugee. Besides having neither legal framework nor domestic mechanism to handle asylum seekers and/or refugee, Indonesia’s immigration law identifies every foreigner including asylum seeker and refugee who unlawfully enter Indonesia’s territory into the …

Phenetic Analyses And Revised Classification Of The Ptelea Trifoliata Complex (Rutaceae), Erin Skornia, Muxi Yang, Wendy L. Applequist

Western North American Naturalist

The current classification of Ptelea divides the widespread and highly variable Ptelea trifoliata L. into 5 subspecies and 11 varieties, while additionally terming many specimens “intermediate.” Although there are visually observable differences among regional variants, principal component analyses of quantitative characters failed to separate subspecies or to even incompletely separate most varieties within subspecies. Some recognized subgroups are also not well distinguished by discontinuous qualitative characters. Where multiple varieties appear to be part of a single continuum of variation or are extremely similar, it is suggested that a reduction in the number of infraspecific taxa would improve the utility of …

Black-Tailed And White-Tailed Jackrabbits In The American West: History, Ecology, Ecological Significance, And Survey Methods, Matthew T. Simes, Kathleen M. Longshore, Kenneth E. Nussear, Greg L. Beatty, David E. Brown, Todd C. Esque

Western North American Naturalist

Across the western United States, Leporidae are the most important prey item in the diet of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos). Leporids inhabiting the western United States include black-tailed (Lepus californicus) and white-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus townsendii) and various species of cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus spp.). Jackrabbits (Lepus spp.) are particularly important components of the ecological and economic landscape of western North America because their abundance influences the reproductive success and population trends of predators such as coyotes (Canis latrans), bobcats (Lynx rufus), and a number of raptor species. …

Designing A 21st Century Corporate Tax – An Advance U.S. Minimum Tax On Foreign Income And Other Measures To Protect The Base, Stephen E. Shay, J. Clifton Fleming Jr., Robert J. Peroni

Faculty Scholarship

The 21st Century has seen unprecedented levels of corporate tax aggressiveness and avoidance. This article continues our exploration of second best international tax reforms that would protect the U.S. corporate tax base and have some likelihood of adoption. In this case, we consider how a U.S. minimum tax on foreign income earned by a controlled foreign corporation should be designed to protect the United States against erosion of its corporate income tax base and to combat tax competition by low-tax intermediary countries. In the authors’ view, a minimum tax should be an interim levy that preserves the residual U.S. tax …

A Forecasting Model For Container Throughput : Empirical Research For Laem Chabang Port, Thailand, Pitinoot Kotcharat

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Critical Literacy In The Social Studies Classroom: A Case For The 21st Century, Bernardo E. Pohl Jr, Christine Beaudry

Journal of Family Strengths

This article considers the potential of integrating critical literacy into approaches to teaching and learning social studies as an indispensable tool for building better communities (Agbaria, 2011). It begins with an overview of the authors’ experiences and perspectives related to social studies and critical literacy. It then proceeds to consider current perceptions and practices regarding literacy in U.S. classrooms and the trend towards teaching and learning literacy and a distinct set of technical and functional knowledge and skills that are often taught in isolation. The article then examines conceptions of critical literacy and considers connections to social studies education. Finally, …

Entropyexplorer: An R Package For Computing And Comparing Differential Shannon Entropy, Kai Wang, Charles A. Philips, Arnold M. Saxton, Michael A. Langston

Computing: Faculty Publications

Background: Differential Shannon entropy (DSE) and differential coefficient of variation (DCV) are effective metrics for the study of gene expression data. They can serve to augment differential expression (DE), and be applied in numerous settings whenever one seeks to measure differences in variability rather than mere differences in magnitude. A general purpose, easily accessible tool for DSE and DCV would help make these two metrics available to data scientists. Automated p value computations would additionally be useful, and are often easier to interpret than raw test statistic values alone.

Results: EntropyExplorer is an R package for calculating DSE, DCV and …

Contribution Of Tourism Fdi To Poverty Alleviation: A Selected Case From Hunting Safaris In Tanzania, Wineaster Anderson, Grace Nicodemus

Business Management Review

This study assesses the contribution of tourism-based foreign direct investment to poverty alleviation using the single case-study method. It focuses on income generation, natural resources and environmental conservation, technology transfer to the local community, human capital development, and access to health and water services, job creation and economic empowerment for conservation as its contribution to poverty alleviation. Forty-four (44) companies were granted hunting licences in 2014. Of the companies, Tanzania Game Trackers Safari (TGTS) operates in 125 villages in Tanzania €”a wider coverage than that of other companies. Therefore, this study took TGTS as the case and conducted in-depth interviews …

Economic Determinants Of Communal Conflict: Evidence From Indonesia, Edgar Demetrio García, Indra Prasetya Adi Nugroho

Asia-Pacific Social Science Review

Religion, ethnicity, and politics are typical explanatory variables of violent conflicts. From an economic point of view, economic growth reduces the risk of civil war, yet the economic determinants of conflict have been little studied. In this article, we empirically study the impact of regional macroeconomic conditions on the number of violent conflicts in Indonesia, a country with potential risks of communal conflict because of the plurality of its society. We use panel data consisting of observations on 16 Indonesian regions from 2004 to 2013 to assess the impact of economic factors on conflict, reevaluating the religion effect using dynamic …

Culture, Structure, And Co-Ethnic Relations Of Indonesians Migrant Entrepreneurship In Taiwan, Paulus Rudolf Yuniarto

Asia-Pacific Social Science Review

Migrant entrepreneurship prompts a series of fascinating research questions on the nature, culture, and interconnectedness of migrant situations within host settlements. The rise of migrant entrepreneurship is the outcome of the integration of these cultural-structural elements in order to mobilize resources to fulfill the demands of entrepreneurship and to obtain competitive advantages in business. This paper describes how the symbiotic relations between migrants and their socio-cultural conditions shape the patterns of Indonesian entrepreneurship in Taiwan. In practice, Indonesian migrant entrepreneurship in Taiwan involves entrepreneurs applying local values or customs in the host society and then (re) produce them in their …

National Identity And Social Resilience In The Case Of South Korea, Pál Koudela

Asia-Pacific Social Science Review

No abstract provided.

His Standardization In Developing Countries: Use Of Boundary Objects To Enable Multiple Translations, Edwin E. Nyella Mr., Honest Kimaro Dr.

The African Journal of Information Systems

Standardization and integration of Health Information Systems (HIS) in most developing countries has been reported as a complex undertaking due to poverty, multiplicity of diseases and diverse actors working in various initiatives within the healthcare context. The need for collaborative investments in HIS strengthening is highlighted by major actors such as WHO, as significant to achieve an integrated HIS. However, despite the fact that involvement of multiple partners is desirable as a vehicle to attain an integrated HIS, entailed challenges should be understood and well managed. By drawing on the concept of translation from actor network theory supplemented by the …

Cryptic Diversity Concealed In The Andean Cloud Forests: Two New Species Of Rainfrogs (Pristimantis) Uncovered By Molecular And Bioacoustic Data, Carl R. Hutter, Juan M. Guayasamin

Neotropical Biodiversity

Two new species of frogs previously confused with Pristimantis calcarulatus are identified using molecular phylogenetics and described using an integrative taxonomic approach. The species are distributed in montane cloud forests of the northwestern Ecuadorian Andes. Pristimantis pahuma n. sp. and Pristimantis cedros n. sp. differ from their closest relatives by strongly supported reciprocal monophyly in mitochondrial genetic data (16S). Additionally, the genetic distance among P. cedros n. sp., P. pahuma n. sp. and P. calcarulatus (sensu stricto) is 7.1–9.5%. The advertisement call of P. pahuma n. sp. also differs from that of P. calcarulatus; the former emits single-note calls irregularly, …

Volume 53, Number 19: December 23, 2015, University Of North Dakota

University Letter Archive

No abstract provided.

Factors Associated With Providers’ Perceptions Of Mental Health Care In Santa Luzia’S Family Health Strategy, Brazil, Angela R. Ghesquiere, Rogerio M. Pinto, Rahbel Rahman, Anya Y. Spector

Publications and Research

Brazil has a unique mental health care system, characterized by universal coverage delivered by interdisciplinary teams both in the community and in specialized centros de atenção psicossocial (CAPS—psychosocial care centers). Provision of patient-centered mental health care is an important principle of Brazilian mental health care, but this topic has not been well-studied. We analyzed data from a cross-sectional survey of 151 community health workers (CHWs), nurses, and physicians in Santa Luzia, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Chi-squares, t-tests and multivariate regression analyses examined differences in socio-demographics, caseload, engagement in evidence-based practices (EBPs), and transdisciplinary collaboration between providers who reported providing high …