Changes In Corn Residue Quality Throughout The Grazing Period And Effect Of Supplementation Of Calves Grazing Corn Residue, Amanda J. Burken

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Corn residue is an abundant feed source in Nebraska that can be utilized as an alternative winter feed. Calves were backgrounded on corn residue in order to determine gain and estimate forage intake when supplemented with distillers grains (DGS). Calves grazing the non-irrigated field gained more (1.03 kg/calf daily) when compared to those grazing the irrigated field (0.90 kg/calf daily; P < 0.01). In year 1, a quadratic effect for intake of DGS was present (P < 0.01) while year 2 observed a linear effect for increasing level of DGS (P < 0.01). The nutritional quality of corn residue was evaluated over time in order to determine changes in blade/sheath, cob, husk/shank and stem. Minimal changes in DM of the forage components occurred was grain reached 15.5% moisture. Digestibility of the blade/sheath declined linearly over time (P < 0.01) while the husk remained constant (P = 0.40). Cob digestibility decreased quadratically (P < 0.01) throughout the sampling period with few changes once grain reached 15.5% moisture. Differences observed in the digestibility of the blade/sheath were attributed to the effects of weathering. A third set of trials was conducted to evaluate the effects of by-product supplementation of calves grazing irrigated corn residue and supplemented with DGS or continuous access to lick tubs. The DGS treatment gained more (0.62 kg/calf daily) than the lick tub treatment (0.38 kg/calf daily; P < 0.01). Calves offered DGS consumed more supplement as a percentage of BW (0.52%) when compared with calves offered lick tubs (0.36%; P < 0.01) on a DM basis. Calves supplemented with DGS had a higher supplement efficiency (46.3% to 42.9%, DM basis) although no differences were present between treatments (P = 0.49). When analyzed on an OM basis, however, calves offered lick tubs had a numerically higher supplement efficiency (50.4%) in comparison to calves …

Feedlot Manure Management Considerations Including Anaerobic Digestion Potential And Mineral Retention, Andrea K. Watson

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Three anaerobic digestion trials were conducted to evaluate methane production from feedlot manure. As organic matter content of manure decreased, degradation of manure and methane production also linearly decreased (P ≤ 0.02). Quality, or organic matter content of manure, had a greater impact on anaerobic digestion than diet (with and without distillers grains) fed to cattle. Minerals are concentrated in effluent removed from anaerobic digesters.

Knowing mineral retention within cattle allows for more accurate calculation of mineral excretion in manure. Three serial slaughter trials measured mineral retention in growing and finishing cattle. During a growing phase, beef cattle gaining …

Performance Of Beef Cattle Grazing Native Warm-Season Grasses In An Integrated Forage/Biofuels System In The Mid-South, William Matthew Backus

Masters Theses

Early season (ES) and full season (FS) grazing strategies were used to evaluate performance of stocker steers grazing native warm-season grasses (NWSG) in 2010, 2011 and 2012 in two experiments. Experiment one was conducted at the Research and Education Center (REC) at Ames Plantation near Grand Junction and experiment two was conducted at Highland Rim REC near Springfield in which Angus and Angus cross steers (268±25kg) were used in completely randomized design with three forage treatments: 1) switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.); 2) a combination of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) and indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans); and 3) …

Volatile Organic Compound Flux From Manure Of Cattle Fed Diets Differing In Grain Processing Method And Co-Product Inclusion, Kristin Hales, David B. Parker, N. Andy Cole

Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center: Reports

Odor emissions from livestock production have become increasingly important in the past decade. Odors derived from animal feeding operations are caused by odorous VOC emitted from the mixture of feces and urine, as well as feed and silage which may be experiencing microbial fermentation. Distillers grains are a by-product of corn grain fermentation used to produce fuel ethanol, and this industry has grown rapidly throughout the U.S. in past years. Therefore, the use of wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) in feedlot cattle diets has also increased. The objective of this research was to determine specific VOC emissions from feces …

Forage News [2014-09], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Beef Bash 2014
• Advanced KY Grazing School at Eden Shale
• 15th Kentucky Grazing Conference
• Forage Quotes and Concepts: New Book Offers Fresh Approach to Forage-Livestock Management
• U.S. Ranking in Cattle
• U.S. Alfalfa Production to Grow by 11% in 2014, USDA Reports
• Grazing Drought Stressed Corn Stalks
• Strategies to Deal with Hay Shortages

Effeciency Of Various Supportive Treatments As A Cure For Anaemia In Cattle With Theileriosis, Nuri Altug, Nazmi Yüksek, Ihsan Keles, Cumali Özkan, Ibrahim Hakkı Yörük, Sezai Arslan

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of various supportive treatments on the restoration of anaemia in theileriosis. A total of 20 cattle infected with theileriosis received intramuscularly a single dose of buparvaquone (2.5 mg/kg-1 bw) and were divided into 4 equal groups according to the different therapy options: whereas no supportive treatment was applied in group 1, administrations of vitamin B complex, antioxidant vitamins (A, D, E and C), minerals and trace elements were performed in groups 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Haematological parameters, serum concentrations of antioxidant vitamins, minerals and trace elements as well as …

Effect Of Conditioned Medium On The Recovery Of Dormant Mycobacteria In Culture, Kelly E. Rock

Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Mpt) is the etiologic agent of Johne’s disease, a chronic intestinal disease in cattle that threatens the economic viability of dairy farming. Diagnostic culture is typically unrewarding until several years after infection when clinical signs can be observed. This leads to widespread infection within the herd. Difficulty in culturing Mpt may be a result of oxidative damage due to the increased metabolic rate when dormant organisms are recovered in a nutrient rich medium. In order to improve recovery it is believed that some organisms secrete a growth factor in times of environmental stress which enables them …

Evaluation Of Different Dietary Supplements For Cattle Consuming Ryegrass Baleage, Lanna Victoria Durst

Theses and Dissertations

The objectives of this study were to evaluate nutrient digestibility and CP retention of steers fed ryegrass baleage supplemented with hay or soybean hull pellets. Crossbred steers (n=12, BW 247 plus or minus 20.8 kg) were halter broken, and placed into individual metabolism crates for a total of 10 days. All 12 steers had ad libitum access to ryegrass baleage and were allotted to 3 supplements 1) no supplement; 2) soybean hull pellets; 3) hay, with 4 steers per treatment group. Supplements were fed at 0.25% of steer body weight. Sample collections were for 7 days following a 3 day …

Willingness To Adopt Best Management Practices By Beef Cattle Producers In A Southeastern Tennessee Watershed, Alicia Marie Signore

Masters Theses

Extensive beef cattle farming in the ridge and valley region of East Tennessee suggests that cattle producers could play an important role in improving water quality through the adoption of livestock best management practices (BMPs). This study examines factors influencing willingness to adopt four BMPs—rotational grazing, pasture improvement, stream water crossing, and water tank systems—by beef cattle operations in a southeast Tennessee watershed. Factors examined include farm and farmer characteristics, farmer attitudes, and a hypothetical incentive program encouraging adoption of these practices. Data was collected through a mail survey of 5,150 farmland owners in McMinn, Bradley, and Monroe Counties. Respondents …

Structured Light Scatteroscopy, Venkataramanan Krishnaswamy, Jonathan T. Elliott, David M. Mcclatchy, Richard J. Barth Jr., Wendy A. Wells, Brian W. Pogue, Keith D. Paulsen

Dartmouth Scholarship

A new imaging approach, structured light scatteroscopy (SLS), is demonstrated, which offers rapid wide-field imaging of microscopic morphological variations in bulk tissue surfaces. Elastic scattering of light offers exquisite sensitivity to ultrastructural changes at multiple size scales ranging from nanometers to millimeters, but in bulk tissues the confounding effects of molecular absorption and strong multiple scattering of light often lead to a dramatic reduction in scatter contrast and specificity. It is demonstrated that the SLS using structured high spatial frequency illumination and detection to probe the tissue achieves direct, absorption-independent, high-resolution maps of the scattering response. The scattering response is …

Feeding Alkaline Treated And Processed Crop Residue To Feedlot Cattle, Sarah J. Peterson

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Chemical treatment and decreased particle size are methods used to improve digestibility and utilization of the available nutrients in low quality forages. Previous research has indicated that chemically treated corn residue can take the place of corn when included in finishing rations containing distillers grains. Also, decreasing particle size utilizing methods such as pelleting has been shown to improve DMI and ADG. However, limited research has been completed on use of chemical treatment and pelleting in growing and receiving rations. Also, an ideal distillers inclusion has not yet been identified when including alkaline treated stalks in finishing rations. Therefore, a …

Host Species Restriction Of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Through Its Receptor, Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4, Neeltje Van Doremalen, Kerri L. Miazgowicz, Shauna Milne-Price, Trenton Bushmaker, Shelly Robertson, Dana Scott, Joerg Kinne, Jason S. Mclellan

Dartmouth Scholarship

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in 2012. Recently, the MERS-CoV receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) was identified and the specific interaction of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of MERS-CoV spike protein and DPP4 was determined by crystallography. Animal studies identified rhesus macaques but not hamsters, ferrets, or mice to be susceptible for MERS-CoV. Here, we investigated the role of DPP4 in this observed species tropism. Cell lines of human and nonhuman primate origin were permissive of MERS-CoV, whereas hamster, ferret, or mouse cell lines were not, despite the presence of DPP4. Expression of human DPP4 in nonsusceptible BHK and …

Pancreas Morphology And Duct System Of Swamp Buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis), Tilladit Rung-Ruangkijkrai, Wuthichai Klomkleaw

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Swamp buffaloes have been important to Thai countryfolk for centuries. However, it’s meat consumption has increased continuously. Since meat and offal of cattle are very similar, pancreas might be used to differentiate buffalo offal from cow offal. Pancreases from 10 adult buffaloes of both sexes were obtained and studied anatomically. Studies revealed that, unlike human and other animals, buffalo pancreas had a unique F-shape with left lobe, right lobe, body, and uncinate process. There was no main pancreatic duct. Only one accessory pancreatic duct was found open into minor duodenal papilla similar to those of cow. Furthermore, unlike human and …

Determining Forage Intake Of Nursing Calves Grazing Native Sandhills Rangeland, Jennifer A. Walker

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Effective management of grazing lands is important for longevity and productivity. Accurate calculations of stocking rates per animal unit will aid in long term sustainability. Calculating stocking rates for cattle can prove challenging for cows and nursing calves. Limited research has been conducted to determine forage intake of the nursing calf pre-weaning. The objective of Trial 1 was to determine nursing calf forage intake over time until weaning. Trial 1 used 8 crossbred cow-calf pairs in experiment 1 and 12 pairs in experiment 2. Pairs were separated into two groups rotating between grazing upland range or housed in individual pens …

Effects Of Condensed Tannins On The Toxicity Of Fireweed (Senecio Madagascariensis) To Cattle, Carolyn L. Wong

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) is a noxious and invasive weed affecting pastures in Hawaii, Australia, and South America. Fireweed contains compounds called pyrrolizidine alkaloids that are toxic to most grazing mammals. Toxic effects to cattle include irreversible damage to liver cells, hardening of the liver, and loss of liver function, which may lead to jaundice, swelling, and the accumulation of fluids in the stomach and other physiological malfunctions. External effects include rough appearance, diarrhea, low energy and dullness, photosensitization, and abnormal behavior, many of which can lead to death. Fireweed also can reduce pasture productivity by as much as …

The Spread And Potential Control Of Disease Across The Domestic Cattle-Wildlife Interface, Rachel Jackson

Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects

No abstract provided.

Methods Of Bovine Reproduction, Kelsey L. O'Donnell

Honors Scholar Theses

The beef and dairy cattle industries are of immense economic value in the United States and have made impressive advancements over the past century. Their success depends strongly upon the reproductive efficiency of their breeding programs. This overview discusses the major advancements in bovine reproduction that have been integrated into the beef and dairy cattle industries and also the emerging technologies that are currently being researched. Current practices like artificial insemination and estrus synchronization resulted from the development of a strong understanding of cattle physiology and the endocrinology of the estrous cycle. With these technologies, selection of superior genetic traits …

Model Development For The Prediction Of Intake And Carcass Measures To Be Used As Economic Marketing Determinants For Calf-Fed Steers, Mallorie F. Wilken

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Accurate prediction of intake and carcass characteristics can assist in projecting input costs and potential premiums when cattle are sold at optimum finishing so net profit/loss can be anticipated. Currently published DMI prediction equations and dietary NE values are based off of data collected over 50 years ago and have been shown to inaccurately predict intake compared to a prediction equation based of off performance data. Calculating dietary NE values from performance data increased precision and accuracy of prediction. Additionally, prediction accuracy was increased for diets containing ethanol byproducts. Since ethanol byproducts have been shown to have 110 to 140% …

Evaluation Of A Method For Nitrotyrosine Site Identification And Relative Quantitation Using A Stable Isotope-Labeled Nitrated Spike-In Standard And High Resolution Fourier Transform Ms And Ms/Ms Analysis, Kent W. Seeley, Alison R. Fertig, Craig P. Dufresne, Joao P. C. Pinho, Stanley M. Stevens Jr.

Molecular Biosciences Faculty Publications

The overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) can have deleterious effects in the cell, including structural and possible activity-altering modifications to proteins. Peroxynitrite is one such RNS that can result in a specific protein modification, nitration of tyrosine residues to form nitrotyrosine, and to date, the identification of nitrotyrosine sites in proteins continues to be a major analytical challenge. We have developed a method by which ¹⁵N-labeled nitrotyrosine groups are generated on peptide or protein standards using stable isotope-labeled peroxynitrite (O¹⁵NOO⁻), and the resulting standard is mixed with representative samples in …

Halogeton (H. Glomeratus) Poisoning In Cattle: Case Report, Kerry A. Rood, Kip E. Panter, Dale R. Gardner, Bryan L. Stegelmeier, Jeffery O. Hall

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Historically, the most significant losses from halogeton poisoning have been reported in sheep, with multiple catastrophic deaths documented. While recorded death losses in cattle from halogeton poisoning are less common than in sheep, recent cases, including 2 reported here, and anecdotal reports from other ranchers suggest that the impact of halogeton losses in cattle herds in the western United States is much more widespread than originally thought. Halogeton may accumulate up to 30% oxalates; a small amount of the plant (300 g) is enough to cause death in sheep. Oxalates precipitate calcium from the blood, resulting in hypocalcemia, formation of …

Shakers - South Union, Kentucky (Sc 1395), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

MSS Finding Aids

Finding aid and scans (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 1395. Catalog of garden seeds grown by the Shaker society at South Union, Kentucky, 1867; Shaker letterhead with cake recipe; and instructions for growing summer turnips.

Molecular Study Of The Prevalence Of Leptospira Spp. Serovar Hardjo In Blood Samples Of Iranian Cattle And Sheep, Faham Khamesipour, Abbas Doosti, Esmaeil Omrani

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Leptospira is an emerging global public health problem which involves both animals and human. The aim of this study was to appraise the presence of Leptospira DNA in blood samples from cattle and sheep via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method in Chaharmahal VaBakhtiari and Isfahan provinces of Iran. One hundred and ninety five samples (92 blood samples of cattle and 103 blood samples of sheep) were collected randomly from clinical healthy animals. DNA was extracted from the blood samples and stored at -20°C before examination. PCR reaction was performed for detection of Leptospira DNA using specific primers for 16s rRNA …

Ostertagia Ostertagi Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Is Present In All Developmental Stages And May Cross-Regulate Host Functions Through Interaction With The Host Receptor, Guanggang Qu, Raymond Fetterer, Lin Leng, Xin Du, Dante Zarlenga, Zhiqiang Shen, Wenyu Han, Richard Bucala, Wenbin Tuo

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) of Ostertagia ostertagi, an abomasal parasite of cattle, was characterised in the present study. Phylogenetic analysis identified at least three O. ostertagi MIFs (Oos- MIFs), each encoded by a distinct transcript: Oos-MIF-1.1, Oos-MIF-1.2 and Oos-MIF-2. Oos-MIF-2 is only distantly related to Oos-MIF-1s, but has higher sequence similarity with the Caenorhabditis elegans MIF2. Oos-MIF-1.1 and Oos-MIF-1.2 are similar (93%) and thus collectively referred to as Oos-MIF-1 when characterised with immunoassays. Recombinant Oos-MIF-1.1 (rOos-MIF-1.1) is catalytically active as a tautomerase. A mutation (rOos-MIF-1.1P1G) or duplication of Pro1 residue (rOos-MIF-1.1P1+P) resulted in reduced oligomerisation and loss of tautomerase …

Beef Cattle Nutrition, Minerals, Troy D. Cooper, Darrell Rothlisberger, Dale Zobell

All Current Publications

Beef cattle require a number of dietary mineral elements for regular bodily maintenance, growth and reproduction. Minerals that are essential in larger amounts are labeled as major or macro elements. Those needed in smaller amounts are called micro, minor or trace minerals. These terms, have no relationship to the metabolic significance of a mineral in the diet. A trace mineral can be as crucial to the health and performance of an animal as a major mineral.

The Ecological Effects Of Cattle Grazing On Reptiles And Small Mammals In A San Joaquin Valley Grassland, Michael William Tom

Master's Theses

Livestock grazing is a common and extensive land use practice in the United States occurring in a wide range of habitat types. As such, livestock grazing has the potential to alter ecosystem structure, function and community composition. The primary component (Chapter 1) of this thesis examined the effects of cattle grazing in a San Joaquin Valley grassland on two target taxa: reptiles and small mammals. The study took place on the Chimineas Unit of the Carrizo Ecological Reserve, San Luis Obispo County, California during Fall 2009 and Spring 2010. These taxa were sampled on matched pairs of two grazed and …

Comparative Digestibility By Cattle Versus Sheep: Effect Of Forage Quality, S. A. Soto-Navarro, R. Lancaster, C. Sankey, B. M. Capitan, B. P. Holland, L. A. Balstad, C. R. Krehbiel

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective was to determine the effect of forage quality on apparent total tract digestibility and ruminal fermentation in cattle versus sheep. Five yearling English crossbred (Hereford × Angus) steers (440.4 ± 35.6 kg of initial BW) and 5 yearling whiteface (Rambouillet × Columbia × Debouillet) wethers (44.4 ± 4.6 kg of initial BW), each fitted with a ruminal cannula, were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 forage sources within ruminant specie, and the study was conducted over 3 periods. For forage source, both animal and period served as the blocking factor with all forage sources represented once within each …

In Vitro Culture Of Bovine Preantral Follicles: A Review, Valdevane R Araújo, Melba O Gastal, José R Figueiredo, Eduardo L Gastal

Peer-reviewed Articles

Preantral follicles are the majority of the ovarian follicle population and their use as a source of homogeneous oocytes for bovine reproductive biotechnologies could result in a substantial advance in this field. However, while in other species embryos and offspring have been produced, in bovine species the results have been limited to the follicular activation of small (primordial) preantral follicles and formation of early antral follicles from large (secondary) preantral follicles after in vitro culture. Therefore, this review will highlight the basic aspects of bovine folliculogenesis by focusing on preantral follicles, the methods of harvesting preantral follicles, the main results …

Regulation And Regulatory Role Of Wnt Signaling In Potentiating Fsh Action During Bovine Dominant Follicle Selection, P S P Gupta, Joseph K. Folger, Sandeep K. Rajput, Lihua Lv, Jianbo Yao, James J. Ireland, George W. Smith

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Follicular development occurs in wave like patterns in monotocous species such as cattle and humans and is regulated by a complex interaction of gonadotropins with local intrafollicular regulatory molecules. To further elucidate potential mechanisms controlling dominant follicle selection, granulosa cell RNA harvested from F1 (largest) and F2 (second largest) follicles isolated at predeviation (PD) and onset of diameter deviation (OD) stages of the first follicular wave was subjected to preliminary RNA transcriptome analysis. Expression of numerous WNT system components was observed. Hence experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that WNT signaling modulates FSH action on granulosa cells during follicular …

Evaluation Of Ethanol Vortex Elisa For Detection Of Bovine Tuberculosis In Cattle And Deer, Ashutosh Wadhwa, Rachel E. Johonson, Keiko Eda, W Ray Waters, Mitchell V. Palmer, John Bannantine, Shigetoshi Eda

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Background: The use of serological assays for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (TB) has been intensively studied and use of specific antigens have aided in improving the diagnostic accuracy of the assays. In the present study, we report an in-house enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), developed by using ethanol extract of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis). The assay, named (ethanol vortex ELISA [EVELISA]), was evaluated for detection of anti- M. bovis antibodies in the sera of cattle and white-tailed deer.

Methods: By using the EVELISA, we tested sera obtained from two species of animals; cattle (n = 62 [uninfected, n = 40; …

Nebraska's Animal Agriculture: Economic Impacts Of Cattle, Hog, Dairy, And Poultry Industry Changes., Bruce Johnson, Eric Thompson, Anil Giri, Tshepelayi Kabata

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Nebraska Animal Agriculture: Economic Impacts of Cattle, Hog, Dairy, and Poultry Industry Changes

Is Nebraska's agriculture system operating to its full potential? One concern is that the state exports a high proportion of its crop output as commodities. Also, while nearby states experienced significant livestock production growth Nebraska has not kept pace, particularly in hog and dairy production.

In light of these concerns, this report analyzes livestock expansion scenarios. It provides a set of economic performance measures to sub-state regions and county-level economies. These measures will allow economic considerations to be incorporated into stakeholders' decision-making processes.

The following scenarios were …