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Presidential Succession And Inability: Before And After The Twenty-Fifth Amendment, John D. Feerick

Fordham Law Review

The Framers of the Constitution did not spend a great deal of time on the succession provisions, but just enough to get the nation started. The Twenty-Fifth Amendment answered questions they left open in the area of presidential inability and gave further significance to the Vice Presidency, which had been adopted almost as an afterthought. As strong as the system of presidential succession may appear, complacency can easily set in, leading to an unwillingness to confront gaps and defects that reveal themselves along the way.

Several gaps in the area of presidential inability are triggered by the absence of any …

Assessing Rule-Based Governance Mechanisms In An Era Of Scientism, Maki Hatanaka

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

With neoliberal reforms and economic globalization, much of the regulation of food and agriculture is shifting from the state to the private sphere. Building on Busch’s work on science, the state, and the market, this paper examines the ways in which the governance of food and agriculture has become increasingly scientized with the use of third-party certification (TPC). TPC is a rule-based governance mechanism that consists of technical rules and procedures, which are based on scientific norms and practices. Using longitudinal research on an organic shrimp project in Indonesia, this paper examines the practices of TPC. Specifically, the focus is …

Constructing Credibility: Using Technoscience To Legitimate Strategies In Agrifood Governance, Carmen Bain, Elizabeth Ransom, Michelle R. Worosz

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Agrifood scholars working within a political economy framework increasingly draw upon the concept of governance to analyze the regulation of global agricultural and food systems. An important limitation of this approach is that it fails to explain how governance strategies are legitimated. Drawing on three diverse cases that span three continents, our paper examines how standards makers appeal to technoscientific norms and values to establish both credibility for their standards and their authority in constructing them. These cases explore the development and implementation of a standard requiring complete elimination of a tart cherry insect pest in the United States; the …

Food, The Environment, And Democracy: A Case Study Of The Marine Conservation Movement's Shift From State-Centered To Market-Based Approaches, Jason Konefal

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

This paper examines the shift by the marine conservation movement from state-centered to market-based strategies and its implications for the democratization of food and agriculture. Using two theoretical frameworks form social movement theory – the opportunities approach and resource mobilization theory – three factors are identified as driving the shift by marine conservation organizations to market-based strategies. First, limited success using state-centered strategies created the impetus for marine conservation organizations to seek out alternative strategies. Second, changes in food and agriculture created opportunities for market based strategies. Specifically, the emergence of retailers as leader actors, the development of an economy …

Technoscience In Agriculture: Reflections On The Contributions Of The Msu School Of Sociology Of Food And Agriculture, Keiko Tanaka, Arunsa Juska

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

This paper argues that one of the most important contributions of the MSU School of Agrifood Governance and Technoscience (MSU-SAGT) was its focus on previously less explored and analyzed roles of technoscience in agriculture.The notion of technoscience was derived from the broader field of Science and Technology Studies, especially from Actor Network Theory.Studies conducted under Lawrence Busch’s direction conceptualized this notion to indicate networks/collectives of human and nonhuman actors implicated in production, distribution and consumption of food. While these studies analyzed the role of technoscience in transforming agriculture, they also examined ethical issues (e.g.,social justice and democracy)that arise from the …

An Interview With Dr. Lawrence Busch Of The Michigan State University School Of Agrifood Governance And Technoscience, Jason Konefal, Maki Hatanaka

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

An Interview with Dr. Lawrence Busch of the Michigan State University School of Agrifood Governance and Technoscience

Modulation Of Constitutive Androstane Receptor (Car) And Pregnane X Receptor (Pxr) By 6-Arylpyrrolo[2,1-D][1,5]Benzothiazepine Derivatives, Ligands Of Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor (Pbr), Linnea E. Anderson, Ann M. Dring, Laura D. Hamel, Matthew A. Stoner

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) regulate xenobiotic sensing and metabolism through interactions with multiple exogenous and endogenous chemicals. Compounds that activate CAR are often ligands of PXR; attention is therefore given to discovery of new, receptor-specific chemical entities that may be exploited for therapeutic and basic research purposes. Recently, ligands of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), PK11195 and FGIN-1-27, were shown to modulate both CAR and PXR. PBR is a mitochondrial transport protein responsible for multiple regulatory functions, including heme biosynthesis, a major component in cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. To investigate possible new roles for PBR …

Science, Standards, And Power: New Food Safety Governance In California, Diana Stuart

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

In 2006, an outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 associated with California spinach resulted in widespread illness across the United States. The magnitude of the outbreak and the resulting media attention demanded a change in the governance of leafy green produce. Drawing from more than 130 personal interviews, this paper critically examines how powerful players in the produce industry organized a strategic approach to governing leafy greens production in California. Networks are used to explore the evolution of new industry-led food safety standards and how they directly conflicted with and overpowered environmental agendas. This paper highlights serious concerns regarding participation and …

A Note On The Economy Of Qualities: Attributing Production Practices To Agricultural Practices, B. James Deaton, Lawrence Busch, Warren J. Samuels, Paul B. Thompson

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Agricultural products are valued for many attributes including those that describe production practices. These production attributes are established through public and private efforts to promulgate standards and labels that differentiate products based on labor treatment, environmental impact, animal welfare, and other practices that occur during production. Organizations, like third-party certifiers, coordinate information and give credence to products in a way that enables consumers to differentiate products by production practices. Libertarian and utilitarian arguments may be used in the normative debate surrounding the appropriate role of government in sponsoring standards and labels that inform consumers about the modes of production.

Patrick J. Carr And Maria J. Kefalas, Hollowing Out The Middle: The Rural Brain Drain And What It Means For America, Peter A. Kindle

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Review of Hollowing Out the Middle: The Rural Brain Drain and What It Means for America, by Patrick J. Carr and Maria J. Kefalas

Governance, Globalization, And The State, Alessandro Bonanno

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

No abstract provided.

Sustainably Performed: Reconciling Global Value Chain Governance And Performativity, Allison Loconto

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Merging theories of performativity with Global Value Chains (GVC) analysis, I explore how standards are used within GVCs to govern interactions among actors and to perform a multiplicity of ‘sustainabilities.’ Specifically, this paper presents four case studies of certified tea production in Tanzania (i.e., the Ethical Tea Partnership, Fairtrade, Organic, and Rainforest Alliance) to reveal how visions of sustainability are enacted by different actors in each certified value chain. This analysis reveals that, while the Rainforest Alliance and Ethical Tea Partnership ‘sustainabilities’ are ‘generically’ performed,the Fairtrade andOrganic ‘sustainabilities’ are ‘effective’ in enacting multiple versions of sustainability that have facilitated changes …

Towards A Critical Philosophy Of Science: Continental Beginnings And Bugbears, Whigs, And Waterbears, Babette Babich

Articles and Chapters in Academic Book Collections

Continental philosophy of science has developed alongside mainstream analytic philosophy of science. But where continental approaches are inclusive, analytic philosophies of science are not – excluding not merely Nietzsche’s philosophy of science but Gödel’s philosophy of physics. As a radicalization of Kant, Nietzsche’s critical philosophy of science puts science in question and Nietzsche’s critique of the methodological foundations of classical philology bears on science, particularly evolution as well as style (in art and science). In addition to the critical (in Mach, Nietzsche, Heidegger but also Husserl just to the extent that continental philosophy of science tends to depart from a …

Peranan Inteligensi, Penguasaan Kosakata, Sikap, Dan Minat Terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Pada Anak, Ratna Wulan

Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran inteligensi, penguasaan kosakata, sikap terhadap membaca, dan minat membaca terhadap kemampuan membaca siswa kelas 4 sekolah dasar, berusia 9-10 tahun. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa yang tidak terganggu penglihatan dan pendengarannya serta tidak mengalami retardasi mental. Alat pengumpul data adalah CFIT Skala-2 untuk mengukur inteligensi, Tes Kosakata untuk mengukur penguasaan kosakata, Skala Sikap Terhadap Membaca untuk mengukur sikap terhadap membaca, Skala Minat Membaca untuk mengukur minat membaca, dan Tes Membaca untuk mengukur kemampuan membaca. Subjek penelitian adalah 377 murid dari 16 SDN di kota Yogyakarta, terdiri dari 180 laki-laki dan 197 perempuan. Hasil analisis …

Konstruk Dan Faktor Jasmani Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Prestasi Renang Gaya Bebas 50 Meter, I Made Sriundy

Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan

Abstrak

Tujuan penelitian untuk: (1) Mengembangkan model konstruk pengukuran prestasi renang gaya bebas 50 meter; (2) Mendapatkan model persamaan struktural prestasi perenang gaya bebas 50 meter kaitannya dengan faktor-faktor jasmani terhadap teknik; dan (3) Membuktikan faktor-faktor jasmani yang mempengaruhi prestasi renang gaya bebas 50 meter. Subjek penelitian 150 orang diambil menggunakan purposif random sampling. Analisis data dengan program SPSS 10.0 dan LISREL 8.71 for Windows. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa (1) indikator pengukuran prestasi renang meliputi proporsi tubuh, biomotorik, dan status gizi, (2) model yang dihipotesiskan merupakan model yang fit, (3) faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi prestasi renang gaya bebas 50 meter meliputi …

Pengembangan The Two-Tier Diagnostic Tes Pada Bidang Biologi Secara Terkomputersisasi, Suwarto Suwarto

Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan

Abstrak

Penelitian bertujuan mengembangkan tes diagnostik dua tingkat (the two-tier diagnostic test) pada bidang biologi dan mengembangkan program komputer untuk mendiagnosis kesulitan belajar siswa. Tes disusun melalui tiga fase, yaitu (1) defining the content boundaries; (2) identifying students' misconceptions; dan (3) developing instrument. Pengembangan program komputer terkait dengan soal, siswa, tabel kerja, SQL (Structured Query Language), ketuntasan, dan grade. Tes diagnostik yang dikembangkan ada 3, yaitu tes A, tes B, dan tes C. Responden untuk tes A dan tes B ada 130 siswa dan untuk tes C ada 128 siswa. Analisis statistik …

Penyetaraan Vertikel Model Kredit Parsial Soal Matematika Smp, Sugeng Sugeng

Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan ukuran sampel minimum, pengaruh panjang tes, panjang tes anchor minimum, dan metode penyetaraan tes dalam penyetaraan vertikal model kredit parsial soal Matematika SMP menggunakan common-item nonequivalent groups design. Pembangkitan data melibatkan variasi peringkat kelas terhadap ukuran sampel (300; 600; 1000), panjang tes (10; 20), dan distribusi kemampuan (N(0,1), N(1,1)) sebanyak 50 replikasi menggunakan Program WinGen2. Penyetaraan vertikal melibatkan (a) panjang tes anchor 2, 3, 4, 5, dan 8 butir (panjang tes 20 butir); dan (b) panjang tes anchor 2, 3, 4, dan 5 butir (panjang tes 10 butir). Kriteria pengujian …

Validitas Dan Reliabilitas Instrumen Asesmen Anak Tk Berkebutuhan Khusus, Maria J. Wantah

Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan

Tujuan penelitdan ini adalah mengembangkan instrumen asesmen untuk mendeteksi keterampilan motorik kasar, halus, dan sosial emosional anak TK. Instrumen asesmen terdiri atas: (1) untuk keterampilan motorik kasar 35 item; (2) untuk keterampilan motorik halus halus 40 item; dan (3) untuk keterampilan sosial emosional 40 item. Validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen dianalisis menggunakan Confirmatory Factor Analyss (CFAJ, dan reliabilitas instrumen dianalisis menggunakan generalizability pada kelompok kecil. Instrumen diujicobakan pada 30 anak TK dengan melibatkan 3 rater, yaitu: guru TK, ahli PLB, dan ahli PAUD. Hasil analisis validitas menunjukkan bahwa instrumen asesmen keterampilan motorik kasar termasuk dalam kategori tinggi dan sedang, instrumen asesmen …

Arkansas Water Resources Center Annual Technical Report, 2010, Arkansas Water Resources Center

Arkansas Water Resources Center Annual Report

No abstract provided.

The Michigan State University School Of Agrifood Governance And Technoscience: Democracy, Justice, And Sustainability In An Age Of Scientism, Marketism, And Statism, Jason Konefal, Maki Hatanaka

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

In this article, we introduce the Michigan State University (MSU) School of Agrifood Governance and Technoscience. Centered on the work of Dr. Lawrence Busch, the MSU School examines how science, the market, and the state function in food and agriculture, and possibilities to make these institutions more democratic, equitable, and just. Research by the MSU School consists of four specific foci: (1) actor-network theory and commodity studies, (2) standards, (3) third-party certification and tripartite standards regimes, and (4) supermarkets and supply chain management. We review each of these areas and discuss how the research in each contributes to democratizing science, …

A Role For Ethical Analysis In Social Research On Agrifood And Environmental Standards, Kyle Powys White, Paul B. Thompson

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Lawrence Busch claims that, although some philosophers may recognize the ethical import of standards, they do not endeavor to understand how people justify standards in social reality. The argument in this paper is that the Michigan State University (MSU) School of Agrifood Governance and Technoscience should actually be understood as fleshing out a more important role for ethicists. This argument is explored through an analysis of the MSU School’s research on standards, a reassessment of J.O. Urmson’s “On Grading,” and a review of major ethical theories, from utilitarianism to discourse ethics. The conclusion is that, though standards may be used …

Standards, Law, And Governance, Lawrence Busch

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

The last several centuries have been marked first by a tendency toward the use of standards to standardize, and then by the use of standards to differentiate. Both have been built on the legal edifice of the state. More recently, in response to the rapid rise of neoliberalism, standardized differentiation has increased in scope and has become part of a larger Tripartite Standards Regime (TSR) consisting of standards, certifications, and accreditations. Over the last half century, the TSR has grown to cover nearly every aspect of social life. In many ways this new form of governance replaces and transmutes positive …

Gregory S. Alexander And Eduardo M Penalver, Property And Community, Charles C. Geisler

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Review of Property and Community, by Gregory S. Alexander and Eduardo M. Peñalver (eds.)

Perbandingan Keefektifan Bentuk Tes Uraian Dan Teslet Dengan Penerapan Graded Response Model (Grm), Purwo Susongko

Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan: (1) perbandingan nilai fungsi informasi item pada bentuk tes uraian dan testlet secara empirik dan simulasi, (2) pengaruh banyaknya item dan ukuran sampel terhadap perbandingan nilai fungsi informasi item pada bentuk tes uraian dan testlet secara simulasi, dan (3) keakuratan pemodelan GRM pada bentuk uraian dan testlet. Data empirik diambil dari respons siswa terhadap tes bentuk uraian dan bentuk testlet dari 772 siswa SMA kelas XI yang tersebar di lima SMA di Kabupaten Tegal. Bentuk tes uraian dan testlet bersama-sama diberikan pada siswa pada akhir semester I dan di awal semester II dengan waktu …

Bias Item Tes Keterampilan Proses Sains Pola Divergen Dan Modifikasinya Sebagai Tes Kreativitas, Bambang Subali

Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui bias item tes keterampilan proses sains pola divergen dan modifikasinya sebagai tes kreativitas biologi SMA untuk assessment for learning. Penelitian menggunakan intrumen keterampilan proses sains pola divergen untuk biologi SMA (Bambang Subali, 2009). Dua dari enam instrumen pengukur keterampilan proses sains tersebut dimodifikasi menjadi instrumen pengukur kreativitas keterampilan proses sains dan diujikan pada 1095 peserta didik. Penskoran dalam skala politomus dan dianalisis menurut Partial Credit Model 1-PL dengan program QUEST. Analisis bias didasarkan faktor gender, lokasi, dan jenjang kelas. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan, dengan kriteria mean INFIT MNSQ 1,0 ± 0,0 tes fit dengan model. …

Dialektika Dan Refleksi Kritis Realitas “Sustainability” Dalam Praktik Sustainability Reporting: Sebuah Narasi Habermasian, I Gusti Ayu Agung Omika Dewi

Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia

This study aims at achieving the understanding about sustainability reality which is reflected in the practice of sustainability reporting on State-Owned Enterprise of mine sector which is go public in Indonesian Stock Exchange. The paradigm of this study differs from the previous accounting researches which is used legitimacy theory as an analysis instrument. The analysis method which is used in this study is critical dialectic method on document in order to reflect sustainability reality in the practice of sustainability reporting according to Habermas perspective frame which known as: (1) Pseudo Sustainability; (2) Obligatory Sustainability; and (3) Humanism Sustainability. The result …

Illicit Trafficking Of Radioactive Sources: Experiences With Fake Materials In Tanzania, Iddi Mkilaha

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Radioactive materials although are very useful, they are one of the catastrophic sources of mass destruction if misused. These materials have a number of positive uses which makes them very essential in our modern society. Incidences such as the bombings of the US Embassies in East Africa, the September 11, and many others had formed a basis for international responsive actions to control illicit trafficking of Radioactive and Nuclear Materials. The aim of this work is to track the movements and subsequently uses of these materials. Tanzania is one of the countries where International Nuclear Safeguards protocols are fully operational …

Masthead

Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law

No abstract provided.

Advanced Signal Processing Techniques For Single Trial Electroencephalography Signal Classification For Brain Computer Interface Applications, Kun Li

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a direct communication channel between brain and computer. It allows the users to control the environment without the need to control muscle activity [1-2]. P300-Speller is a well known and widely used BCI system that was developed by Farwell and Donchin in 1988 [3]. The accuracy level of the P300-BCI Speller as measured by the percent of communicated characters correctly identified by the system depends on the ability to detect the P300 event related potential (ERP) component among the ongoing electroencephalography (EEG) signal. Different techniques have been tested to reduce the number of trials needed …

The Backbone Of European Corporate Governance Standards After Financial Crisis, Corporate Scandals And Manipulation, Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy, Dinh Tran Ngoc Hien

Economic and Business Review

The paper concentrates on several comparative standards in Europe, so-called a limited European set of standards on corporate governance. First, it looks at some groups of findings on corporate governance subjects in the post-crisis period. It found out that companies in these periods need to oversight their legal or compliance activities, besides suitable policies. Second, it identified different points in latest corporate governance standard principles and systems in five (5) countries in European region: Germany, The UK, Denmark, Sweden and France. Third, this paper provide with a summary of evaluation of current corporate governance systems in these above countries which …