Digital Commons Network^™

Design And Development Of A Prototype For A Web-Based Interface For Online Material For Tanzanian Youth, Mjema A.M

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

A prototype of a web-based interface for an online database was developed to be used by youth organizations in Dar-es-Salaam. A participatory approach involving secondary students in the identification of user interface requirements, in designing and testing the prototype was used. A questionnaire was designed and manned in seven secondary schools in Dar-es-Salaam to estimate the Internet usage. Interviews were conducted to countercheck the questionnaire responses. The interview and the questionnaire helped to come up with a set of user requirements for the web-based interface of an online information search. From the specifications of the user requirements the author was …

The Systemic Nature Of Action Learning Programmes, G Mwaluko

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

A lot of attention has been paid on action learning in the last four decades or so and the success of such programmes has also been widely publicized. But why have these programmes been so effective in helping organizations cope with change? Many authors state that the success of such programmes is due to the fact that they link learning to actions. Yet others claim that action learning programmes succeed because they involve employee empowerment and provide a much greater learning curve. In this paper the authors hold that action learning programmes succeed because they are partly systemic and can …

Analytical Modeling Of A Large Local Area Network - Part I: Internet Traffic Characterization, Mathew Luhanga

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The goal of both IP network operators and the end users is to get the highest performance from the system for a given cost. This makes Performance a key criterion in the design, procurement, and use of computer and communication systems. In order to address problems associated with performance degradation of operational communications systems, over the last decade, traffic engineering techniques have emerged in an attempt to optimize communication systems’ performance and ensure more efficient use of their resources. One of these techniques is analytical modeling. Analytic performance models are an excellent tool for quickly evaluating the performance of operational …

Improving The Design Of Low Volume Sealed Roads In Tanzania, Mfinanga A

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The main objective of the study was to identify appropriate road designs for Low Volume Sealed Roads (LVSRs) with the aim of improving the design of such roads in Tanzania. The study was conducted in Dar es Salaam and Morogoro regions in Tanzania where data for LVSRs were collected from primary and secondary sources in the two regions. The study found that by using an improved pavement design method specifically meant for LVSRs results in cost savings for LVSRs of up to 51% compared with the conventional method of pavement design in Tanzania. The study recommends that the pavement design …

Integrated Remote Sensing And Gis Techniques For Groundwater Exploration In Semi-Arid Region: A Case Of Karamoja Region – Uganda, Lubang Nobert

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Groundwater is a precious resource that covers wide geographical extent. Proper evaluation is required in order to ensure prudent use of groundwater resources. The current groundwater assessment in Karamoja region, as in many parts of the world, uses Apparent Resistivity and Vertical Electrical Sounding, which has limited coverage to some localized usually predetermined areas. Comprehensive groundwater development program needs a wide area coverage and large volume of multidisciplinary data. In the present study, an integrated remote sensing and GIS based methodology is developed and tested for the evaluation of groundwater resources of Karamoja Sub Region, Northeastern Uganda. The components of …

The Effect Of Rotation And Temperature On The Inhibition Performance Of Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.) Nut Shell Liquid On Co2 Corrosion Of Carbon Steel, J Mutasingwa

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

A natural extract of cashew nut shells, Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) was investigated as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 3% NaCl solutions saturated with CO2 gas using electrochemical techniques (i.e. potentiodynamic polarization and ac-impedance). The investigation was performed at different temperatures under static and dynamic conditions using a Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE). It was found that CNSL reduces the electrochemical processes taking place on carbon steel undergoing corrosion. The percentage inhibitor efficiency increases with increase in CNSL concentration and decreases with rise in temperature. Better performance at low CNSL concentration was registered under dynamic conditions and room …

Potential Use Of Waterguard As A Disinfectant For Domestic Water Use, Yohana L

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

been identified as an alternative method for treatment of domestic drinking water. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Water Guard in disinfecting drinking water from different sources drawn from Kinondoni district, Dar es Salaam as well as to establish appropriate dosage that can be used during the treatment. Results showed that, a dose of 4.0mL per 20 litrer of water guard is sufficient for disinfection of urban water sources. The above prescribed doses provide 100% disinfection efficiency with residue chlorine of less than 0.3mg/l. Water with turbidity values of 30-35 NTU, chlorine dosage of 8mL/20 …

Investigation Of The Effect Of Particle Size On Groundnut-Oil Solvent Extraction, S Manyele

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

An investigation of the effect of particle size on the performance of vegetable oil recovery by solvent extraction is reported. Experiments were conducted using soxhlet extractor, groundnuts and n-hexane. Samples were grouped into mean particle sizes of 0.25, 0.75, 1.3, 3.3, and 7.5 mm using standard sieves. The effect of particle size was studied for extraction time intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 8 hours. The oil yield, oil recovered per kg solvent used, kg solvent lost per unit time, and the rate of extraction (kg oil recovered per hour) decreased with increasing particle size. Meanwhile, the percent …

Identification Of Unbalanced Forces And Foundation Parameters Of Rotating Machines From Vibration Measurements, Nalitolela G

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

A technique is described to use measured vibration data of a rotating machine and its foundation to identify unbalanced forces, stiffness and damping parameters of the mountings, and the parameters of the foundation. It is based on an idealisation treating the rotor, the machine structure and the foundation as rigid masses supported by springs and dampers. Operational vibration data of the machine and its foundation before and after the rotating unbalanced forces are perturbed by adding unbalanced mass to the rotor are used in the identification procedure. Once the parameters are identified, dynamic forces transmitted to the foundation can be …

The Multivariate Statistical Analysis Of Abiotic Parameters Of The Lake Tanganyika Sub Catchment, Hudson Nkotagu

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Results from multivariate statistical analysis of abiotic parameters conducted during the dry season at 20 accessible sites on 8 rivers, 2 lakes and a dam covering the Lake Tanganyika sub catchment are discussed. Standard methods were used to determine the levels of abiotic parameters from water samples. Physical parameters including DO, EC, Eh, turbidity, temperature, pH and secchi transparency were measured in situ while chlorophyll a was determined in the laboratory. Nutrients such as NO3-, SiO2, PO4 3- and Fe2+ were determined along with HCO3-. Factor analysis resulted in four factors including increased primary productivity, redox conditions, dissolution, and reduction …

An Equation For Estimating The (R) Usle Slope Steepness Factors, Mathew Mulemgera

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Abstract Currently three equations are used for calculating slope steepness factor for the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE); one for slopes less than nine percent, the second for slopes equal or greater than nine percent, and the third equation that has been proposed for use in China for slopes equal or greater than 17 %. The three equations have linear relationships between slope steepness factor, S and the sine of the slope angle, θ. The three equations under predict the factor, S when used on slope steepness beyond the data sets used to develop them. In addressing this problem …

Fall Commencement [Program], December 20, 2008, University Of Northern Iowa

UNI Commencement Programs

The program of the commencement ceremonies, including a list of institutional leadership, a list of the departments by college, awards given at the ceremonies, and a list of undergraduate and graduate degree candidates.

The University Library, Information Provision, And Use By Policymakers In Olabisi Onabanjo University (Oou), Nigeria, Abiodun O. Odunewu

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Availability and timely access to information is indispensable in policy formulation and implementation. It is often believed that a library is as good as its patronage. This study is an attempt to relate the level of patronage of Olabisi Onabanjo University Library by its policymakers to its information delivery capability. A questionnaire was used to gather data, with 102 copies administered at the senate level and 18 copies administered at the Governing Council level. A total of 89 copies were returned, representing an 80 percent response rate. The study reveals inadequate patronage of the library by policymakers. The study concludes …

Sme Finance, Development And Trade In Botswana: A Gender Perspective, S M. Kapunda, B. Magembe, J. Shunda

Business Management Review

This study examines gender-wise the relationship between SMEs ' financing, development and trade in Botswana. Data was collected through personal interviews and questionnaires to two sets of 100 SMEs selected randomly. The data was analysed using essentially SPSS. The results reveal that lack of funds especially for "large" SMEs (mainly medium) is not considered to be a major problem in Botswana because the government has instituted mechanisms for assisting SMEs in accessing affordable sources of funds. Some of the SMEs regarded stiff competition, lack of a market and non-payment of accounts by clients as big problems.. However, women experienced more …

Predictive Ability Of Ordinary Certificate Of Secondary Education Grades To Advanced Certificate Of Secondary Education: Evidence From Tanzania's Necta Results, Ulingeta O.L. Mbamba

Business Management Review

Normally, selection of students for higher education is based on previous performance. Whether or not previous performance is a good predictor varies for different examining bodies. This study evaluates the predictive ability of Tanzania ' s Ordinary Certificate of Secondary Education (OCSE) performance to Advanced Certificate of Secondary Education (ACSE) performance using linear regression and chi-square tests. By linking OCSE of 2003 and 2004 with ACSE of 2006 and 2007, respectively, research results indicate that the OCSE is a good predictor for ACSE. The predictive ability of OCSE improves as data are disaggregated based on whether or not students studied …

Burnout And Auditor Work Behaviours In Tanzanian Public Accounting Firms, Judika King'ori

Business Management Review

This study examined the effect of work stressors (time pressure, work ambiguity, work overload, and work conflict) and Burnout experienced by auditors working in Tanzanian audit firms, on organisational outcomes that are important to the effectiveness of the service offered by these firms. The work behaviours that were examined are Under-reporting of worked time (URT), Premature signing of audit steps in the audit programme without actually carrying out the required work (PMSO), and Turnover intentions (TI). The survey data was collected from a sample of forty (40) auditors at manager to assistant level, who are currently practising in various public …

Iso 9000 Certification: Some Lessons From A Large Firm In Tanzania, Charity N. Mwakio, Elinami Minja

Business Management Review

We present some findings on the implementations and achievements of ISO 9000 standard certification at the Tanzania Cigarette Company (TCC). Among other things we examine the motivation behind adoption of the standard and attempt to measure the implemented changes in terms of quality management. Though positive social impact, improved business results and increased customer satisfaction were recorded in the period following ISO 9000 implementation, these results were not viewed as resulting from ISO 9000 quality standard but rather from privatisation and what transpired during the process of seeking ISO 9000 certification. The findings suggest that ISO 9000 certification does not …

Business Constraints And Growth Potential Of Micro And Small Manufacturing Enterprises In Uganda, Esther Ishengoma, Robert Kappel

Business Management Review

Ugandan micro and small enterprises (MSEs) still perform poorly. Studies associating poor performance of manufacturers with lack of finance and low investment ignore micro enterprises. Those focusing on MSEs are either exploratory in nature or employ a descriptive analysis, which cannot show the extent to which business constraints explain the performance of MSEs. Thus, this paper tries to examine the extent to which the growth of MSEs is associated with business constraints while controlling for owners ' attributes and firms ' characteristics. The results reveal that MSEs ' growth potential is negatively associated with limited access to productive resources (finance …

2008 Fall Commencement Program: Winona State University, Winona State University

WSU Commencement Programs

This is the Winona State University Fall 2008 commencement program. Commencement was on Friday December 12, 2008.

Pathological Sub-Types, Risk Factors And Outcome Of Stroke At The Nairobi Hospital, Kenya, James Jowi, Peter Mativo

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background: Stroke is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality the world over. Established risk factors such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, hyper-lipidaemia, micro-vascular rupture, male gender, age and observed co-morbities such as sickle cell disease, HIV/AIDS infection and cerebral malaria are increasingly being encountered in the tropics.

Objectives: To determine pathological sub-types, risk factors, in-hospital period prevalence and in-hospital outcome of stroke.

Design: Hospital-based retrospective study.

Setting: The Nairobi Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.

Subjects: Patients with recorded diagnosis of stroke/cerebral vascular accident; as per WHO criteria for diagnosis of stroke, …

Drawing From The Wells Of Culture: Grace Onyango And The Kenyan Political Scene (1964-1983), Phoebe Musandu

Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies

This paper examines the career of Grace Onyango in a bid to recover the history of independent Kenya’s most prominent female politician. To find success as a politician, Onyango had to have an understanding of the interplay between her ethnic culture, the cultures of those with whom she interacted as well as the dynamics of newly independent Kenya’s local and national politics.

Survey Of Wind Power Potential For Wind-Based Electricity At Makambako, Iringa Tanzania, Rmr Kainkwa

Tanzania Journal of Science

The potential for wind-generated electricity is examined using 22 months wind data collected from a prospective site located in the southern highlands of Tanzania. While the data for the year 2001 was from March to December that of 2002 was for all the twelve months of the year.Characteristics of monthly and annual wind speed and direction are systematically investigated based on hourly time-series data using Windographer software. The Weibull shape factors k corresponding to a height of 50 m were found to be 3.10 and 3.80 while the scale factors c were 11.06 and 12.27 m/s for the years 2001 …

The Performance Of Maize Crop During Acid Amelioration With Organic Residues In Soils Of Mtwara, Tanzania, Ae Majule, Jo Omollo

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study evaluated acid ameliorative potential and their effects on maize growth of four organic residues namely wild spikenard, cordia, cowpea and pigeon peas through incubations with or without sulphur. This was done in order to recommend potential organic residue source that could ameliorate soil acidity associated with sulphur dusting. Increased levels of sulphur in the soils reduced the growth and dry matter yields of maize due to intense acidification while maize growth and dry matter yields in soils which organic residues were incorporated was enhanced. Enhancement in maize performance may be a result of reduced soil acidity due to …

Involvement Of Methyltransferases Enzymes During The Energy Metabolism Of The Anaerobic Archaeon Methanosarcina Semesiae Sp. Nov., Tj Lyimo

Tanzania Journal of Science

The methyl group transfer from dimethylsulfide (DMS), trimethylamine and methanol to 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid (coenzyme M) were investigated from cell extracts of Methanosarcina semesiae sp. nov. to evaluate whether the enzyme systems involved were constitutive or inductive. The extracts from cells grown on DMS exhibited methanogenic activity exclusively with DMS and methanethiol. Likewise when cells were pre-grown on trimethylamine or methanol the extracts only produced methane from the respective metaboilic substrate. Dimethylsulfide:methyl-coenzyme M transferase activity was dependent on ATP, but hydrogen did not stimulate activity. The fact that ATP could be replaced by the reductant Ti(III)-citrate indicates that reductive activation of …

Geochemistry And Nd - Isotopic Composition Of High Silica Rhyolites In The Neoarchaean Musoma-Mara Greenstone Belt, Northern Tanzania: Evidence For The Presence Of Older Continental Crust, S Manya

Tanzania Journal of Science

The high silica rhyolites of the Kibasuka Hill, although volumetrically minor, constitute a part of the greenstone sequence in the northern Musoma-Mara Greenstone Belt (MMGB). They are characterized by high silica contents (63.38 – 81.65 wt %), very low CaO (! 0.05 wt %), variable to unusually high K2O (2.24 – 13.43 wt %) most likely attributed to strong sericite alteration, and their major element composition are similar to those of melts derived from partial melting of metapelites. The samples have very low concentration of the transition elements, Sr (3.13 – 48.4 ppm) and very large negative Europium anomalies (Eu/Eu* …

Delineating The Jurassic To Mid Cretaceous Part Of The Pacific Apparent Polar Wander Path, Dcp Masalu

Tanzania Journal of Science

The Jurassic to Mid-Cretaceous apparent polar wander path of the Pacific plate irrespective of ages have been delineated. Two poles have been established: one pole, which is relatively older than the other, is at 75.01°N/287.5°E (α = 6.9°) and the other pole is at  61.0°N°/304.7°E (!95 = 4.5°). These results indicate that the Pacific plate drifted southward during the Jurassic to Early-Cretaceous period. Additionally, the results demonstrate that there is an apparent consistent correspondence between changes of plate motion and significant shifts of the Jurassic to Mid-Cretaceous apparent polar wander path

Occurrence Of Digenean Larvae In Freshwater Snails In The Ruvu Basin, Tanzania, G. Nkwengulila, E. S. P. Kigadye

Tanzania Journal of Science

A survey was carried out on digenean larvae infecting freshwater snails in five habitats in Dar es Salaam, Ruvu and Morogoro. 9424 snails belonging to 12 species from five families were examined for digenean infection from July 1996 – June 1997. 20 morphologically distinguishable cercariae were recovered. Multiple infections were not recorded. While the general prevalence of digeneans in snails was low (3.5%), variations occurred between seasons, among habitats and snail host species. Prevalence was high during the dry season but low in the rain season. Among habitats, highest prevalence was recorded at Kinondoni pond and lowest at Ruvu ponds, …

Abundance And Diversity Of Seagrass And Macrofauna In The Intertidal Areas With And Without Seaweed Farming Activities In The East Coast Of Zanzibar, Thomas J Lyimo, Esther F Mvungi, Yunus D Mgaya

Tanzania Journal of Science

The diversity and abundance of seagrass and associated macrofauna were studied in transects with and without seaweed farms at Chwaka Bay and Jambiani, in the East Coast of Zanzibar. Eight seagrass species, namely Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Thalassia hemprichii, Thalassodendron ciliatum, Syringodium isoetifolium, Halodule uninervis, Halophila ovalis and Enhalus acoroides were recorded in the transects. The mean total biomass of seagrass at Chwaka Bay ranged from 142.4 ± 70.71 to 1652 ± 772.7 g dw/m2 and 212.9 ± 146.2 to 1829 ± 1692 g dw/m2 in station with and without seaweed farms, respectively. At Jambiani, the mean total biomass ranged …

Seed Longevity Of Dominant Plant Species From Degraded Savanna In Semi-Arid Tanzania, Hvm Lyaruu

Tanzania Journal of Science

Artificially buried seeds were followed by periodic exhumation and germination during 21 months in Kondoa Irangi Hills, central Tanzania. Viable seeds from thirteen selected species were buried in polythene envelopes at a depth of 15 cm below woodland vegetation. Lethal germination, fungal decay and insect infestation were singled out as the most important contributors to loss of viability among seeds. Hierarchical clustering based on a seed’s mean viability, seed shape and presence or absence of dispersal appendages, produced three distinct groups: (1) non-dormant seeds (2) seeds with enforced dormancy and (3) seeds with seed coat imposed dormancy. The low decay …

Absolute Migration Of Pacific Basin Mid-Ocean Ridges Since 85 Ma And Their Tectonic Implications For The Pacific Plate, Dcp Masalu

Tanzania Journal of Science

Mid-ocean ridges are major physiographic features that dominate the world seafloor. Their absolute motion and tectonics are recorded in magnetic lineations they created. The absolute migration of mid-ocean ridges in the Pacific basin since 85 Ma and their tectonic implications was investigated in this work and the results indicates that at about anomaly 21 (47 Ma) theEast Pacific Rise (EPR) and Juan de Fuca ridge experienced an abrupt change in their migration direction that persisted until about anomaly 6 (20 Ma), probably due to changes in subductionzone configuration in the northern Pacific. This may represent a period of tectonic instability …