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2007

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Annual Report, 2006-2007, David B. Nash Dec 2007

Annual Report, 2006-2007, David B. Nash

College of Population Health Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

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Effect Of Zinc Supplementation On Morbidity Due To Acute Diarrhoea In Infants And Children In Sanaa, Yemen : A Randomized Controlled Double Blind Clinical Trial, Muna Am Elnemr, Ahmed K. Abdullah Dec 2007

Effect Of Zinc Supplementation On Morbidity Due To Acute Diarrhoea In Infants And Children In Sanaa, Yemen : A Randomized Controlled Double Blind Clinical Trial, Muna Am Elnemr, Ahmed K. Abdullah

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal

Objectives: To study the impact of zinc administration on the morbidity and mortality attributed to diarrhoea among children less than 5 years old. Methods: The study design was a randomized double blinded controlled clinical trial, held at Elsabeen Hospital for Maternity and Childhood, Sana’a, Yemen. The study was conducted during the period September 2005 to October 2006 on 180 children less than 5 years old with acute diarrhoeal episodes. They were randomly allocated to two groups; one of them received a placebo and the other received zinc acetate syrup for 14 days. Both groups were followed up for 2 months. …

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Hiv/Aids Vaccines : How Long Must Humanity Wait?, Ali A. Al-Jabri Dec 2007

Hiv/Aids Vaccines : How Long Must Humanity Wait?, Ali A. Al-Jabri

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

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Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment For Osteomyelitis, Osteoradionecrosis And Recurrent Ear Infections, Susie Debus Dec 2007

Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment For Osteomyelitis, Osteoradionecrosis And Recurrent Ear Infections, Susie Debus

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

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Law And Policy Perspectives Of Seafarers' Claims, Lunecito U. Delos Santos Dec 2007

Law And Policy Perspectives Of Seafarers' Claims, Lunecito U. Delos Santos

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Superficial Fungal Infection Of The Skin In Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis After Methotrexate Therapy, Firas Elias Douri Dec 2007

Superficial Fungal Infection Of The Skin In Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis After Methotrexate Therapy, Firas Elias Douri

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Fungal infection of the skin is common disorder characterized by recurrent candidal skin infection, tinea cruris ,tinea (pityriasis) versicolor and candidal infection of the nails in patients suffered of rheumatoid arthritis (R.A.) and treated by methotrexate. AIM OF THE STUDY: To discover the fungal skin complications after usage of methotrexate in the treatment of patients with Rheumatoid arthritis. METHOD: Thirty two patients with R.A. were enrolled in the study who received 7.5 mg methotrexate and daily 100mg diclofenac for six months in comparison to 32 patients with R.A. who received only daily100 mg diclofenac as treatment. RESULTS: Ten …

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Analysis Of Host Responses Against The Plague, Deanna O'Bryant Dec 2007

Analysis Of Host Responses Against The Plague, Deanna O'Bryant

Theses and Dissertations

Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is endemic to most of the world. Y. pestis' potential threat as a biological warfare agent has drawn increased attention to pathogenesis and vaccine research for the plague. A number of characteristics related both to the host response to, and bacterial pathogenesis of, Y. pestis were examined. To investigate the potential role of MHC Class II antigen presentation during the plague, HLA-DQ8αβ transgenic mice were infected with Y. pestis. DQ8 mice demonstrated a greatly enhanced age-dependent resistance to Y. pestis infection with females more resistant than males, mimicking gender differences in human plague, …

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Analyses Of Dengue Fever And Aedes Aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Larval Habitats In A Tropical Urban Environment Of Costa Rica Using Geospatial And Mosquito Surveillance Technologies, Adriana Troyo Dec 2007

Analyses Of Dengue Fever And Aedes Aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Larval Habitats In A Tropical Urban Environment Of Costa Rica Using Geospatial And Mosquito Surveillance Technologies, Adriana Troyo

Open Access Dissertations

Dengue is currently the most important arboviral disease globally and is usually associated with built environments in tropical areas. Control measures are currently focused on community participation in control of the vector Aedes aegypti and larval source reduction. In Costa Rica, dengue fever is a relatively recent re-emerging disease and has become a serious public health problem. Remotely sensed information can facilitate the study of urban mosquito-borne diseases like dengue by providing multiple temporal and spatial resolutions appropriate to investigate urban structure and ecological characteristics associated with infectious disease. Initial studies showed that although dengue is a serious public health …

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Oral Immunization Of Rhesus Macaques With Adenoviral Hiv Vaccines Using Enteric-Coated Capsules, George T. Mercier, Pramod N. Nehete, Marco F. Passeri, Bharti N. Nehete, Eric A. Weaver, Nancy Smyth Templeton, Kimberly Schluns, Stephanie S. Buchl, K. Buchl, Michael A. Barry Dec 2007

Oral Immunization Of Rhesus Macaques With Adenoviral Hiv Vaccines Using Enteric-Coated Capsules, George T. Mercier, Pramod N. Nehete, Marco F. Passeri, Bharti N. Nehete, Eric A. Weaver, Nancy Smyth Templeton, Kimberly Schluns, Stephanie S. Buchl, K. Buchl, Michael A. Barry

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Targeted delivery of vaccine candidates to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract holds potential for mucosal immunization, particularly against mucosal pathogens like the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Among the different strategies for achieving targeted release in the GI tract, namely the small intestine, pH sensitive enteric coating polymers have been shown to protect solid oral dosage forms from the harsh digestive environment of the stomach and dissolve relatively rapidly in the small intestine by taking advantage of the luminal pH gradient. We developed an enteric polymethacrylate formulation for coating hydroxy-propyl-methyl-cellulose (HPMC) capsules containing lyophilized Adenoviral type 5 (Ad5) vectors expressing HIV-1 gag …

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Direct Inhibition Of Cdk9 Blocks Hiv-1 Replication Without Preventing T Cell Activation In Primary Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes, Dominic Salerno, Muneer G Hasham, Renee Marshall Demarest, Judit Garriga, Alexander Y Tsygankov, Xavier Graña Dec 2007

Direct Inhibition Of Cdk9 Blocks Hiv-1 Replication Without Preventing T Cell Activation In Primary Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes, Dominic Salerno, Muneer G Hasham, Renee Marshall Demarest, Judit Garriga, Alexander Y Tsygankov, Xavier Graña

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

HIV-1 transcription is essential for the virus replication cycle. HIV-1 Tat is a viral transactivator that strongly stimulates the processivity of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) via recruitment of the cyclin T1/CDK9 positive transcription elongation factor, which phosphorylates the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNAPII. Consistently, HIV-1 replication in transformed cells is very sensitive to direct CDK9 inhibition. Thus, CDK9 could be a potential target for anti-HIV-1 therapy. A clearer understanding of the requirements for CDK9 activity in primary human T cells is needed to assess whether the CDK9-dependent step in HIV-1 transcription can be targeted clinically. We have investigated the effects …

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Dielectrophoretic Characterization Of Abo Blood Type, Frequency And Ac Field Strength Of Erythrocytes, Prashant Reuben Daggolu Dec 2007

Dielectrophoretic Characterization Of Abo Blood Type, Frequency And Ac Field Strength Of Erythrocytes, Prashant Reuben Daggolu

Theses and Dissertations

This research investigates the role of ABO blood type of erythrocytes in their dielectrophoretic response. The dielectrophoresis of erythrocytes of positive ABO blood types was studied at 5 V (peak to peak) and 1 MHz frequency AC field. The study revealed that the ABO blood type had an influence on the dielectrophoretic motion of the erythrocytes, particularly separating AB+ and O+ blood types. This is of particular significance since AB+ is a universal acceptor and O+ is a universal donor for blood transfusion purposes. The influence of field parameters, namely field strength and frequency of the AC field, was also …

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Effects Of Time Specific F-Strain Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Inoculation Overlays On Pre-Lay Ts-11-Strain Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Inoculation On Performance, Egg, Blood, And Visceral Characteristics Of Commercial Egg Laying Hens, Elizabeth Anne Middleton Vance Dec 2007

Effects Of Time Specific F-Strain Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Inoculation Overlays On Pre-Lay Ts-11-Strain Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Inoculation On Performance, Egg, Blood, And Visceral Characteristics Of Commercial Egg Laying Hens, Elizabeth Anne Middleton Vance

Theses and Dissertations

Vaccination programs using live whole cell vaccines are presently being used to control outbreaks and to help protect flocks from field strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. The primary goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of a ts11-strain M. gallisepticum inoculation alone, and in conjunction with F-strain M. gallisepticum overlays at 22 or 45 weeks of age during lay. In this study, it was shown that a pre-lay ts11 vaccination had a broad range effect on the physiology of the commercial layer without affecting overall performance. The timing of an overlay vaccination using F-strain M. gallisepticum during lay …

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Reduced Intestinal Colonization Of Adult Beef Cattle By Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Tir Deletion And Nalidixic-Acid-Resistant Mutants Lacking Flagellar Expression, Gustavo Bretschneider, Emil M. Berberov, Rodney A. Moxley Dec 2007

Reduced Intestinal Colonization Of Adult Beef Cattle By Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Tir Deletion And Nalidixic-Acid-Resistant Mutants Lacking Flagellar Expression, Gustavo Bretschneider, Emil M. Berberov, Rodney A. Moxley

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The importance of the Escherichia coli O157:H7 translocated intimin receptor (Tir) protein in intestinal colonization and the effect of infection with Tir+ strains on protection against subsequent challenge was studied in adult beef cattle. Cattle were orally inoculated (C1) with a Shiga toxin-2++ E. coli O157:H7 strain that was Tir+ or Tir-, and 42 days later were re-challenged (C2) with the nalidixic acid (Nal) R parent strain to test whether prior infection had any effect on fecal shedding. During the first 14 days post-C1, the NalS wildtype (WT) strain was shed at significantly …

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Proteomic Analysis Of Listeria Monocytogenes, Sana Mujahid Dec 2007

Proteomic Analysis Of Listeria Monocytogenes, Sana Mujahid

Theses and Dissertations

Listeria monocytogenes is a deadly, Gram-positive foodborne pathogen that is ubiquitous in the environment. The bacterium expresses a number of virulence and stress adaptation proteins that support its pathogenic capabilities. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to map L. monocytogenes surface proteins, which play a central role in virulence, and to examine protein expression by L. monocytogenes grown on ready-to-eat meat, an important source of Listeria infections. A novel method for solubilization of surface proteins from L. monocytogenes for 2-DE was developed. Additionally, the unique proteome expressed by L. monocytogenes grown on a meat matrix was uncovered. The developed solubilization …

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Thermodynamic Evidence That Ganglioside-Mediated Insertion Of Botulinum A Into The Cholinergic Nerve Ending May Precede Endocytosis And Acidification: A Langmuir Film Study, Bradley Adam Strongin Dec 2007

Thermodynamic Evidence That Ganglioside-Mediated Insertion Of Botulinum A Into The Cholinergic Nerve Ending May Precede Endocytosis And Acidification: A Langmuir Film Study, Bradley Adam Strongin

Theses and Dissertations

Botulinum Neurotoxin (BoNT) is one of the most potent toxins known to human kind. The Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) was employed to investigate the conditions under which BoNT type A heavy chain would bind and/or insert into mica supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid bilayers. As an alternate technique, DPPC/GT1b or total ganglioside extract (80:20) monolayers of a Langmuir Blodgett (LB) Trough were adapted to be artificial membrane models for toxin insertion studies. We conclude that LB monolayer studies are a promising candidate for BoNT/A membrane insertion investigation. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A insertions into the LB monolayers in the presence of BoNT/A …

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The Statesman, V. 51, I. 27, Stony Brook University Dec 2007

The Statesman, V. 51, I. 27, Stony Brook University

Stony Brook Statesman-Sucolian

v. 51, i. 27

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Coral Disease Epizootiology In The Florida Keys (U.S.A.) And Cayman Islands (British West Indies), And The Development Of The Simulation Of Infected Corals Model, Marilyn Elizabeth Brandt Dec 2007

Coral Disease Epizootiology In The Florida Keys (U.S.A.) And Cayman Islands (British West Indies), And The Development Of The Simulation Of Infected Corals Model, Marilyn Elizabeth Brandt

Open Access Dissertations

Understanding coral disease dynamics within the heterogeneous populations in which they act is critical for predicting how the structure of reefs may change as a result of enzootic or epizootic levels of these important sources of mortality. This work focused on combining field studies and the development and testing of a spatially-explicit, individual-based epizootiological computer model with the aim of gaining a greater understanding of the dynamics and impact of white plague, a significant source of mortality on reef-building corals in the Caribbean region. Field studies focused on the incidence and distribution of all sources of coral mortality, including suspect …

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I. Basic Principles Used In The “Sandhills Calving System” And How They Apply To Other Production Environments, David R. Smith Dec 2007

I. Basic Principles Used In The “Sandhills Calving System” And How They Apply To Other Production Environments, David R. Smith

Range Beef Cow Symposium

Diarrhea is one of the most likely reasons young beef calves become sick or die.(45) Besides its detriment to calf health and well-being, calf scours is costly to cattle producers due to poor calf performance, death, and the expense of medications and labor to treat sick calves. (3, 41) In addition, catching and treating young calves puts herd owners and their employees at risk of injury, and many producers become disheartened after investing long hours to treat scouring calves during an already exhausting calving season.

Calf scours is a complex disease, with many interrelated causes.(1, 2, 37) Agent, host, and …

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Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cell Lines As A New In Vitro Model For Studying Adherence And Pathogenesis Of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli, Seung Y. Koh, Sajan George, Volker Brozel, Rodney A. Moxley, David H. Francis, Radhey Kaushik Dec 2007

Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cell Lines As A New In Vitro Model For Studying Adherence And Pathogenesis Of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli, Seung Y. Koh, Sajan George, Volker Brozel, Rodney A. Moxley, David H. Francis, Radhey Kaushik

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections result in large economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. The organism causes diarrhea by adhering to and colonizing enterocytes in the small intestines. While much progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of ETEC, no homologous intestinal epithelial cultures suitable for studying porcine ETEC pathogenesis have been described prior to this report. In the current study, we investigated the adherence of various porcine ETEC strains to two porcine (IPEC-1 and IPEC-J2) and one human (INT-407) small intestinal epithelial cell lines. Each cell line was assessed for its ability to support the adherence of …

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Household Food Security, Dietary Intake, And Anthropometric Assessment Of Dominican Children, Elizabeth Wall Dec 2007

Household Food Security, Dietary Intake, And Anthropometric Assessment Of Dominican Children, Elizabeth Wall

All Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to assess nutrition and food security status of Dominican school children and their families. Anthropometric measures, diet recalls, and household food security surveys were used as tools in this assessment. This assessment may assist in prioritizing programs for the transitioning country of the Commonwealth of Dominica.
In year 1, 199 children and 197 children in year 2 from 10 primary schools in 3 regions participated in the study. Four of the schools were involved with school feeding programs while six were not involved in school feeding programs. Weight was measured on an electric scale; …

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Iowa Physicians: Legitimacy, Institutions, And The Practice Of Medicine, Part Three: Dealing With Poverty And Defending Autonomy, 1929-1950, Susan C. Lawrence Dec 2007

Iowa Physicians: Legitimacy, Institutions, And The Practice Of Medicine, Part Three: Dealing With Poverty And Defending Autonomy, 1929-1950, Susan C. Lawrence

Department of History: Faculty Publications

This article, the last of this three-part series, briefly lays out some of the major changes in medical organization and institutions in Iowa between 1929 and 1950. The bulk of the essay then focuses on the effects that the rising costs of medical care had on ordinary Iowa physicians. Anxiety about the expense of medical services for the respectable working and middle classes joined worries about paying for the basic health needs of the indigent and marginally poor. In the 1910s and 1920s, more physicians and more patients expected hospital stays for surgery and childbirth, looked to laboratory-based tests for …

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Washington University Record, December 6, 2007 Dec 2007

Washington University Record, December 6, 2007

Washington University Record

No abstract provided.

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Light-Evoked Calcium Responses Of Isolated Melanopsin- Expressing Retinal Ganglion Cells, Andrew T. E. Hartwick, Jayne R. Bramley, Jianing Yu, Kelly T. Stevens, Charles N. Allen, William H. Baldridge, Patricia J. Sollars, Gary E. Pickard Dec 2007

Light-Evoked Calcium Responses Of Isolated Melanopsin- Expressing Retinal Ganglion Cells, Andrew T. E. Hartwick, Jayne R. Bramley, Jianing Yu, Kelly T. Stevens, Charles N. Allen, William H. Baldridge, Patricia J. Sollars, Gary E. Pickard

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

A small number (<2%) of mammalian retinal ganglion cells express the photopigment melanopsin and are intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGCs). Light depolarizes ipRGCs and increases intracellular calcium levels ( [Ca2+]i ) but the signaling cascades underlying these responses have yet to be elucidated. To facilitate physiological studies on these rare photoreceptors, highly enriched ipRGC cultures from neonatal rats were generated using anti-melanopsin-mediated plate adhesion (immunopanning). This novel approach enabled experiments on isolated ipRGCs, eliminating the potential confounding influence of rod/cone-driven input. Light induced a rise in [Ca2+]i (monitored using fura-2 imaging) in the immunopanned ipRGCs and the source of this Ca2+ signal was investigated. The Ca2+ responses were inhibited by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, SKF-96365 (1–2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy]ethyl-1H-imidazole), flufenamic acid, …

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Adipocyte Response To Injectable Beads Engineered For Breast Tissue Reconstruction, Katherine Neser Dec 2007

Adipocyte Response To Injectable Beads Engineered For Breast Tissue Reconstruction, Katherine Neser

All Theses

It is estimated that over 150,000 patients will be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in 2007. Patients must undergo a mastectomy or a lumpectomy to remove the cancerous tissue, but only a mastectomy allows breast reconstructive surgery. Due to the limitations of current reconstruction options, new alternatives are being explored. Injectable materials have been suggested for breast tissue reconstruction because of their versatility. Cells cultured on injectable beads form cell carriers that may be mixed with a hydrogel, resulting in a construct that may be injected through a syringe to restore normal tissue mass. This solution offers breast cancer patients …

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The Need For A Security/Privacy Model For The Health Sector In Ghana, James Tetteh Ami-Narh, Patricia A. Williams Dec 2007

The Need For A Security/Privacy Model For The Health Sector In Ghana, James Tetteh Ami-Narh, Patricia A. Williams

Australian Information Security Management Conference

Many developing countries around the world are faced with the dilemma “brain-drain” as their healthcare professionals seek better economic opportunities in other countries. This problem is compounded by a lack of robust healthcare infrastructure requiring substantive improvements to bring them up to date. This impacts a countries ability to understand morbidity and mortality patterns which impact health care policy and program planning. The lack of IT infrastructure also negatively affects the safety, quality, and efficiency of health care delivery in these countries. Ghana is faced with this precise set of circumstances as it struggles to adopt policies to overcome these …

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Tigecycline In The Treatment Of Complicated Intra-Abdominal And Complicated Skin And Skin Structure Infections, M. L. Townsend, M. W. Pound, R. H. Drew Dec 2007

Tigecycline In The Treatment Of Complicated Intra-Abdominal And Complicated Skin And Skin Structure Infections, M. L. Townsend, M. W. Pound, R. H. Drew

Pharmacy Practice

Tigecycline, a glycylcycline related to the tetracycline class of antibiotics, represents a new option for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal and complicated skin and skin structure infections. It displays favorable activity in vitro against the most common causative Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic pathogens. In addition, tigecycline demonstrates activity against drug-resistant pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and organisms (such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Tigecycline lacks activity in vitro against Pseudomonas and Proteus spp. In randomized clinical trials, tigecycline administered intravenously twice daily has demonstrated efficacy similar to comparators for a variety …

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Checkup, Lehigh Valley Health Network Dec 2007

Checkup, Lehigh Valley Health Network

Checkup

No abstract provided.

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Progress Notes, Lehigh Valley Health Network Dec 2007

Progress Notes, Lehigh Valley Health Network

Progress Notes

No abstract provided.

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Idcr: Infectious Diseases In Corrections Report, Vol. 9 No. 21, Infectious Diseases In Corrections Dec 2007

Idcr: Infectious Diseases In Corrections Report, Vol. 9 No. 21, Infectious Diseases In Corrections

Infectious Diseases in Corrections Report (IDCR)

No abstract provided.

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The Troublemaker's Friend: Retaliation Against Third Parties And The Right Of Association In The Workplace, Alex B. Long Dec 2007

The Troublemaker's Friend: Retaliation Against Third Parties And The Right Of Association In The Workplace, Alex B. Long

Scholarly Works

Title VII theoretically provides virtually unlimited protection from retaliation for one kind of workplace troublemaker - the employee who files a formal charge of discrimination. However, the protection from retaliation enjoyed by such individuals is significantly less when the troublemaker resorts to an employer's internal process for resolving discrimination complaints prior to the filing of a formal charge of discrimination. And what of the coworker who assists the troublemaker in pursuing such an internal grievance? Or the coworker who simply has some type of relationship with the troublemaker who files a formal charge of discrimination? What protection from retaliation do …

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