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2006

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Arkansas Water Resources Center Annual Technical Report, 2006, Arkansas Water Resources Center Dec 2006

Arkansas Water Resources Center Annual Technical Report, 2006, Arkansas Water Resources Center

Arkansas Water Resources Center Annual Report

No abstract provided.


Editor's Preface, D. Clayton Smith Dec 2006

Editor's Preface, D. Clayton Smith

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

introduction of Doug Smith as new editor of SRS


Deafdigest: Gold Edition, December 31, 2006, Barry Strassler Dec 2006

Deafdigest: Gold Edition, December 31, 2006, Barry Strassler

DeafDigest Gold 2006

No abstract provided.


Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December 2006, Central Bank Of Nigeria Dec 2006

Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December 2006, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

This Report reviews the operations of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and macroeconomic developments during the fiscal year 2006 and appraises the major economic policy outcomes during the period. The Bank reported a stable foreign exchange market in 2006, with an average effective official exchange rate of N 128.65 per U.S dollar, an increase of 2.6% over 2005. The stock of external reserves, valued at US$12.30 billion, was 49.6% higher than in 2005, driven by high crude oil prices and lower debt-service burden. The reserves were equivalent to 28.4 months of import cover, exceeding the 6 months requirement under …


From Vulnerability To Resiliency: Assessing Impacts And Responses To Disaster, John J. Green, Duane A. Gill, Anna M. Kleiner Dec 2006

From Vulnerability To Resiliency: Assessing Impacts And Responses To Disaster, John J. Green, Duane A. Gill, Anna M. Kleiner

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Hurricane Katrina devastated the social, economic, and physical infrastructure of communities along the Gulf Coast, and many organizations responded in a massive effort to meet their needs. Building from a livelihoods theoretical framework emphasizing the vulnerability-resiliency continuum, this research note focuses on informing services provided during post-disaster relief, recovery, and redevelopment. Based on a case study conducted in East Biloxi, Mississippi, we describe a project that included a needs assessment survey and qualitative interviews. Research findings address the expressed needs of community members following the disaster, types of relief and recovery assistance provided to them, and the kinds of social …


Population Change, Economic Restructuring, And The Evolving Landscape Of Retail Activities In The Rural Great Plains, Alexander C. Vias Dec 2006

Population Change, Economic Restructuring, And The Evolving Landscape Of Retail Activities In The Rural Great Plains, Alexander C. Vias

Journal of Rural Social Sciences

Over the past 15 to 20 years, changes such as retail concentration (fewer, larger stores owned by fewer corporations), technological innovation, and new labor practices have transformed the retail industry. These broad changes affect rural communities where the retail sector still employs a large portion of the workforce. When combined with the declining population of many rural areas in regions like the Great Plains, the impact of retail change is even more significant. Explored in this paper is how restructuring in the retail sector is accelerating the loss of retail firms in many rural parts of the Great Plains, a …


Hiv/Aids Surveillance Systems: A Case Study Of Egypt, Nesmah Elkestawi, David Johnston Dec 2006

Hiv/Aids Surveillance Systems: A Case Study Of Egypt, Nesmah Elkestawi, David Johnston

The Undergraduate Research Journal

Current estimates of HIV/AIDS incidences are thought to be inaccurate according to external organizations such as WHO and UNAIDS. It is important to maintain an accurate estimate of prevalence to avoid an unexpected outbreak of a high-level epidemic. Our method of analyzing Egypt’s surveillance system comes primarily from comparisons to other Eastern Mediterranean countries. Research on these regional HIV/AIDS surveillance systems was conducted by studying publications printed by organizations that deal with these issues. To gain primary perspectives on the systems in Egypt, interviews were conducted with representatives of the organizations World Health Organization (WHO) and Family Health International (FHI) …


Water Sanitation In Egypt: A Focus On The Sewage System In Rural Areas, Hussein Marei, Ola Kubbara, Yosra El Lozy Dec 2006

Water Sanitation In Egypt: A Focus On The Sewage System In Rural Areas, Hussein Marei, Ola Kubbara, Yosra El Lozy

The Undergraduate Research Journal

Water supply and sanitation affects, among other things, people's health, life conditions, life expectancy, infant mortality and overall well-being. Hence, it influences people’s ability to attain proper education as well as their chances for good employment, productivity, income, standard of living, and overall contribution to the country's growth.


Deafdigest: Blue Edition, December 31, 2006, Barry Strassler Dec 2006

Deafdigest: Blue Edition, December 31, 2006, Barry Strassler

DeafDigest Blue 2006

No abstract provided.


Juvenile Soft-Shell Clam, Mya Arenaria L.Research In The Hampton-Seabrook Estuary, Brian F. Beal Dec 2006

Juvenile Soft-Shell Clam, Mya Arenaria L.Research In The Hampton-Seabrook Estuary, Brian F. Beal

PREP Reports & Publications

A series of field experiments was conducted at two intertidal sites in the Hampton Seabrook Estuary from November 2004-2006 to assess the efficacy of enhancing intertidal areas with cultured clam (Mya arenaria L.) seed (mean shell length [SL] = 7-10 mm). Measurement variables in each experiment included survival and growth of both cultured and wild seed clams. The first of three trials (November 2004 - May 2005) examined the interactive effects of size of planting area (4 m2, 8 m2, 12 m2, and 18 m2) and predator deterrent netting (none, 4.2 mm, and 6.4 mm aperture [flexible, plastic netting]) at …


Cadmium Toxicity On Arterioles Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats, Benny Washington, Shunta Williams, Patrice Armstrong, Charlie Mtshali, John T. Robinson, Elbert L. Myles Dec 2006

Cadmium Toxicity On Arterioles Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats, Benny Washington, Shunta Williams, Patrice Armstrong, Charlie Mtshali, John T. Robinson, Elbert L. Myles

Biology Faculty Research

Cadmium (Cd) is frequently used in various industrial applications and is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant, also present in tobacco smoke. An important route of exposure is the circulatory system whereas blood vessels are considered to be main stream organs of Cd toxicity. Our previous results indicate that cadmium chloride (CdCl2) affects mean arterial blood pressure in hypertensive rats. We hypothesized that Cd alters the intracellular calcium transient mechanism, by cadmium-induced stimulation of MAPKs (ERK 1 & 2) which is mediated partially through calcium-dependent PKC mechanism. To investigate this hypothesis, we exposed primary cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from …


G And P Genotyping Of Human Rotavirus Isolated In A University Hospital In Korea: Implications For Nosocomial Infections, Jung Oak Kang, Chang Ryul Kim, Paul E. Kilgore, Tae Yeal Choi Dec 2006

G And P Genotyping Of Human Rotavirus Isolated In A University Hospital In Korea: Implications For Nosocomial Infections, Jung Oak Kang, Chang Ryul Kim, Paul E. Kilgore, Tae Yeal Choi

Department of Pharmacy Practice

To characterize rotavirus G and P genotypes circulating among infants and young children hospitalized with severe diarrhea in a university hospital in Gyeonggi province, Korea, and to examine any association of the genotypes and nosocomial infections, we genotyped 103 isolates of rotavirus by multiplex RT-PCR. In July 2001- June 2002, we found that globally common strains constituted 64.2% (G2P[4] 28.3%, G3P[8] 28.3%, G4P[8] 5.7%, and G1P[8] 1.9%), and the uncommon strain, G4P[6], constituted 26.4%. During July 2002-June 2003, the percentage of common strains decreased to 44.0% (G3P[8] 18.0%, G2P[4] 16.8%, and G1P[8] 10.0%), but G4P[6] increased to 36.0%. G9P[8] was …


Homophobia Through The First Amendment: A Critique Of Fair V. Rumsfeld, Caitlin Daniel-Mccarter Dec 2006

Homophobia Through The First Amendment: A Critique Of Fair V. Rumsfeld, Caitlin Daniel-Mccarter

City University of New York Law Review

No abstract provided.


"Not Our Problem:" Construction Trade Unions And Hostile Environment Discrimination, Emily White Dec 2006

"Not Our Problem:" Construction Trade Unions And Hostile Environment Discrimination, Emily White

City University of New York Law Review

No abstract provided.


A Pitfall Of Using Ultrasonography In Evaluating Ruptured Long Head Tendon Of The Biceps Brachii: A Casereport, Chien-Hung Shih, Chung-Che Lin, I-Ru Chen, Ya-Fang Lee Dec 2006

A Pitfall Of Using Ultrasonography In Evaluating Ruptured Long Head Tendon Of The Biceps Brachii: A Casereport, Chien-Hung Shih, Chung-Che Lin, I-Ru Chen, Ya-Fang Lee

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Musculoskeletal ultrasonography is a widely used diagnostic tool to visualize shoulder tendon pathology. The diagnostic accuracy for biceps tendon pathology is high. An empty groove may be seen when there is complete rupture, and the long head tendon markedly retracts into the arm. We report a case of ruptured tendon of the right biceps brachii in a 55-year-old male injured during pull-up exercise 2 years ago. Sonography demonstrated the presence of echoic material filling the bicipital groove. This material erroneously resembled the biceps tendon and resulted in a false first impression of intact tendon. However, a careful longitudinal scan failed …


Investigation Of The Probe Position For Ultrasonography Of The Long Head Of The Biceps Brachii Tendon, Yi-Pin Chiang, Min-Jung Hsu, Ying-Hung Liu, Chia Lee Dec 2006

Investigation Of The Probe Position For Ultrasonography Of The Long Head Of The Biceps Brachii Tendon, Yi-Pin Chiang, Min-Jung Hsu, Ying-Hung Liu, Chia Lee

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Musculoskeletal ultrasound has been utilized in rehabilitation medicine for many years. However, the accuracy and speed of the examination are very operator-dependent. It is often difficult for inexperienced operators to locate target structures quickly. We therefore designed this study to determine the best positioning for the transducer to detect the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii on shoulder ultrasonography.One hundred people (200 shoulders) were recruited, including 33 men and 67 women, with a mean age of 50.8±12.5 years. Patients sat upright with the arm flexed and the forearm supinated. The ultrasound transducer was placed on the anterior …


Rehabilitation Of Patients With Melas Syndrome: A Casereport, Chia-Sho Yang, Tsung-Ying Li, Shuu-Hai Jiang, Chang-Hung Hsu, Yaw-Don Hsu, Shin-Tsu Chang Dec 2006

Rehabilitation Of Patients With Melas Syndrome: A Casereport, Chia-Sho Yang, Tsung-Ying Li, Shuu-Hai Jiang, Chang-Hung Hsu, Yaw-Don Hsu, Shin-Tsu Chang

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

MELAS (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and recurrent stroke-like episodes) syndrome is a mitochondrial disorder. Patients with mitochondrial myopathies typically have exercise-induced symptoms. Thus, patients are often advised to avoid exercise, which leads to deconditioning. Currently, the concept of aerobic exercise training as therapy for mitochondrial disease is not well established. We report the case of a patient with adult-onset MELAS, who responded positively to a low intensity rehabilitation program. Low intensity training was safe and significantly improved our patient's physical fitness. During the 20-month follow-up period, there was no significant reduction in muscle strength and function. Therefore, short-term endurance training …


Multiresolution Wavelet Analysis Of Event-Related Eeg Potentials Using Ensemble Of Classifier Data Fusion Techniques For Early Diagnosis Of Alzheimer's Disease, Apostolos Topalis Dec 2006

Multiresolution Wavelet Analysis Of Event-Related Eeg Potentials Using Ensemble Of Classifier Data Fusion Techniques For Early Diagnosis Of Alzheimer's Disease, Apostolos Topalis

Theses and Dissertations

The recent advances and knowledge in medicine and nutrition have greatly improved our average life expectancy. An unfortunate consequence of this longer life span, however, is a dramatic increase in the number of individuals suffering from dementia, and more specifically, from Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, AD remains under-diagnosed and under-treated until its more severe stages due to lack of standard diagnostic tools available to community clinics. A search for biomarkers that will allow early diagnosis of the disease is therefore necessary to develop effective medical treatments. Such a biomarker should be non-invasive, simple to obtain, safe, inexpensive, accurate, and most …


Drinking Water In Egypt: The Effects Of Water On Egyptian’S Health, Aneesa Akbar-Uqdah, Sam Highsmith, Sara Tonsy Dec 2006

Drinking Water In Egypt: The Effects Of Water On Egyptian’S Health, Aneesa Akbar-Uqdah, Sam Highsmith, Sara Tonsy

The Undergraduate Research Journal

The Nile River, often thought of as the backbone of Egypt, has been source of great sustenance and mobility throughout the years. Due to the failure of a multilayered system, however, Egypt has had difficulty providing its citizens with clean drinking water. This paper examines the perceptions regarding this matter, as well as causes and solutions as provided by experts.


Coverage Of Avian Flu: A Case Study Of Al Ahram Newspaper, Mirray Fahim Dec 2006

Coverage Of Avian Flu: A Case Study Of Al Ahram Newspaper, Mirray Fahim

The Undergraduate Research Journal

No abstract provided.


Acute Neuropathy Mimicking Guillain-Barré Syndrome After Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Casereport, Po-Hong Chen, Hsiu-Fang Hsueh, Chang-Zern Hong Dec 2006

Acute Neuropathy Mimicking Guillain-Barré Syndrome After Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Casereport, Po-Hong Chen, Hsiu-Fang Hsueh, Chang-Zern Hong

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

A 42 year-old woman was admitted in a comatose state after exhibiting polydipsia and progressive body weight loss of 4-week duration. Diabetic ketoacidosis was diagnosed due to an increased blood glucose level (956 mg/dl), metabolic acidosis, and positive urinary ketone bodies. On the fourth hospital day, despite recovery from the critical state of ketoacidosis, the patient suffered from progressively ascending paresthesia and weakness in the lower limbs. On the basis of clinical and electrophysiological findings, axonal Guillain-Barré syndrome presenting as a paraparesis variant, a very unusual neuropathy related to diabetic ketoacidosis, was diagnosed. The patient reached satisfactory functional outcome after …


Mirror Writing After Left Anterior Cerebral Artery Infarction: A Casereport, Rong-Bin Hong, I-Hsien Wu, Yi-Ming Lo, Hui-Chun Juan, Mei-Ju Ko, Willy Chou Dec 2006

Mirror Writing After Left Anterior Cerebral Artery Infarction: A Casereport, Rong-Bin Hong, I-Hsien Wu, Yi-Ming Lo, Hui-Chun Juan, Mei-Ju Ko, Willy Chou

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Mirror writing is characterized by the writing of alphanumeric characters in the direction opposite to normal. It has been reported infrequently in patients with stroke. We present a 67-year-old male patient who is left-handed but writes with his right hand. He developed sudden onset of right side weakness. CT scan and MRI both revealed acute left anterior cerebral artery infarction involving cingulated gyrus and corpus callosum. His right side weakness gradually improved after rehabilitation. Mirror writing was found when he wrote with his left hand but not with his right hand. The frequency of his mirror writing gradually dropped and …


Survey Of Spinal Cord Injuries Due To Diving Accidents In Taiwan, Ya-Wen Tu, Huey-Wen Liang, Yen-Ho Wang, Jiunn-Horng Kang, Liu-Ing Bih, Fuk-Tan Tang Dec 2006

Survey Of Spinal Cord Injuries Due To Diving Accidents In Taiwan, Ya-Wen Tu, Huey-Wen Liang, Yen-Ho Wang, Jiunn-Horng Kang, Liu-Ing Bih, Fuk-Tan Tang

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Objective: To examine the clinical characteristics of diving-related spinal cord injuries (SCI) in Taiwan.Methods: This study is a retrospective reviewarticle of all hospitalized patients with spinal cord injuries due to diving accidents in three rehabilitation centers between January 1982 and July 2002. Demographic data and clinical features were presented and analyzed. Results: A total of 1216 spinal cord injuries were reviewarticleed, and 16 cases (1.3%) met the inclusion criteria. Their mean age at the time of injury was 26.8 years and 15 (94.0%) of the cases were male. All of the injuries resulted in tetraplegia and 11 (69.0%) were neurologically …


The Influence Of Nasogastric Tube To Post-Stroke Depressive Tendency And Functional Outcome, Nai-Chiung Huang, Ta-Sen Wei, Sen-Yung Liu Dec 2006

The Influence Of Nasogastric Tube To Post-Stroke Depressive Tendency And Functional Outcome, Nai-Chiung Huang, Ta-Sen Wei, Sen-Yung Liu

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Depression is reported in a portion of stroke patients during the period of their stay in acute and rehabilitation hospitals. Depression may influence the patient's motivation to participate in the rehabilitation program and result in slower functional recovery and poor functional outcome. In addition, patients with prolonged usage of nasogastric tube for food intake experience a stronger degree of physical impairment, slower functional recovery, and less motivation. The purpose of our study was to determine the correlation between prolonged usage of nasogastric tube and post-stroke patients' depression tendency, and their effects on the patients' functional outcome. Eighty-six patients participated in …


Bilateral Sciatic Neuropathy Due To Drug Overdose With Coma, Susan Y Fan, Chang-Zern Hong, Lin-Fen Hsieh, Yii-Jiun Shao, Hsu-Yi Chen Dec 2006

Bilateral Sciatic Neuropathy Due To Drug Overdose With Coma, Susan Y Fan, Chang-Zern Hong, Lin-Fen Hsieh, Yii-Jiun Shao, Hsu-Yi Chen

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Limb compression in an unattended comatous patient often results in peripheral nerve injuries; however, bilateral sciatic neuropathy in these patients has rarely been described in literature. A 37-year-old woman with bilateral numbness and paralysis of the lower limb after drug overdose with coma was reported. After onset of unconsciousness, she was in a seated position with trunk and hips flexed and knees nearly fully extended for approximately ten hours. In the department of emergency, she was found to have bilateral thighs and buttocks swollen as well as myoglobulinuria. Electrodiagnostic studies supported a diagnosis of complete denervation bilaterally in the distribution …


A Forty-Year Retrospective Of Assessment Of Activities Of Daily Living, Hsi-Ying Chang, Yu-Wei Hsieh, I-Ping Hsueh, Ching-Lin Hsieh Dec 2006

A Forty-Year Retrospective Of Assessment Of Activities Of Daily Living, Hsi-Ying Chang, Yu-Wei Hsieh, I-Ping Hsueh, Ching-Lin Hsieh

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Background and Purpose: The term activities of daily living (ADL) refers to the basic skills that a person needs in order to carry out the fundamental physical functions of self-care and independent living. In this survey paper, we reviewarticle the studies on ADL that involve theories of ADL, the concepts and items of measurement, and the test theory developed for ADL assessment. Unfortunately, the issues mentioned above have not been well integrated systematically. With this reviewarticle, we would like to provide a picture of past and current trends in ADL assessment.Method: We searched literature reviewarticles and rehabilitation or measurement textbooks …


The Impact Of Nhi Co-Payment Policy On The Utilization Pattern Of Hospital Outpatient Rehabilitation Services, Huang-Chung Chen, Fei-Lin Chang, Jui-Fen Rachel Lu, Ngok-Kiu Chu, Wen-Chung Tsai, Lin-Na Shih, Yiu-Chung Lau, Fuk-Tan Tang Dec 2006

The Impact Of Nhi Co-Payment Policy On The Utilization Pattern Of Hospital Outpatient Rehabilitation Services, Huang-Chung Chen, Fei-Lin Chang, Jui-Fen Rachel Lu, Ngok-Kiu Chu, Wen-Chung Tsai, Lin-Na Shih, Yiu-Chung Lau, Fuk-Tan Tang

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

In response to pressing financial distress as a result of escalating health care expenditures, Bureau of National Health Insurance (NHI) has adopted various deliberate policy interventions to increase the sources of incomes and meanwhile enhance cost containment. Co-payment policy is one measure often taken when focusing on demand-side mechanism, which aims to reduce the potential misuse of medical resources by the insured through cost sharing. The co-payment policy for outpatient rehabilitation services implemented since August, 1999 is one good example.The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the co-payment policy on the utilization pattern of hospital outpatient …


The Effect Of Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation On Local Skin Temperature, Chien-Ting Liu, Pei-Ying Chao, Shin-Liang Pan, Chein-Wei Chang, Yen-Ho Wang Dec 2006

The Effect Of Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation On Local Skin Temperature, Chien-Ting Liu, Pei-Ying Chao, Shin-Liang Pan, Chein-Wei Chang, Yen-Ho Wang

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Previous reports have shown that transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) can accelerate the rate of chronic wound healing, but the mechanism for such is unknown. It has been proposed that TENS may enhance healing by increasing cutaneous blood flow. In the present study, we investigated the effects of TENS on local skin temperature. Infrared thermography was used to measure the changes of local skin temperature after treatment with TENS. Twelve subjects, 6 men and 6 women, were enrolled and underwent the following four different TENS modes in random sequences: (1) sham stimulation (control), (2) perception threshold TENS, (3) below motor …


Analysis Of Speech Motor Control In Children With Normal Development: Preliminary Report, Liang-Yi Yang, Chai-Ling Chen, Wei-Hsien Hong, Hsieh-Ching Chen, Ching-Yi Wu, Alice M.K. Wong Dec 2006

Analysis Of Speech Motor Control In Children With Normal Development: Preliminary Report, Liang-Yi Yang, Chai-Ling Chen, Wei-Hsien Hong, Hsieh-Ching Chen, Ching-Yi Wu, Alice M.K. Wong

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Speech is a complex motor skill. It requires the coordination of articulatory and phonation systems, including the chest wall, larynx and oral system, to produce precise oral motor control. Treatment of motor speech dysfunction is based on understanding the mechanism underlying normal speech development and motor control. The purpose of this study is to establish speech motor control patterns in children with normal development (ND) by kinematic analysis.Twenty-eight children with ND (16 males and 12 females) aged 4 to 12 years participated in this study. The children were split into three groups based on age: group A aged 4 to …


Metastatic Tumor In The Atlantoaxial Spine: A Casereport, Hsin-Chi Wu, Chieh-Tsai Chiu, Pu-Sheng Yeh, Yi-Shiung Horng Dec 2006

Metastatic Tumor In The Atlantoaxial Spine: A Casereport, Hsin-Chi Wu, Chieh-Tsai Chiu, Pu-Sheng Yeh, Yi-Shiung Horng

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Atlantoaxial involvement is rare in metastatic tumors of the spine. We report a case of atlantoaxial metastatic adenocarcinoma of pulmonary origin, which was treated as cervical spondylosis because the first clinical manifestations were cervical pain followed by limitation of rotation. In the literature, most authors stated that in patients with cervical spine metastases but without neurological signs, pain may be the only complaint. Most metastasized tumors of the atlantoaxial spine originate in the lung or breast. The goal of treatment for these cases is palliative. Posterior fixation is indicated for patients having intractable pain or whose cervical spine is unstable. …