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2008

South Africa

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Edens, William Jeptha, 1898-1969 (Mss 232), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives Oct 2008

Edens, William Jeptha, 1898-1969 (Mss 232), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

MSS Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Manuscripts Collection 232. This collection contains Edens' unpublished theses related to agriculture pedagogy (1930) and the development of the national farm loan associations in Warren County, Kentucky (1937), as well as a paper on the development and amenities of Bowling Green, Kentucky (1937). The collection also contains scrapbooks about Edens' work as an agricultural advisor in Saudi Arabia (1952), Indonesia (1956), and South Africa (1958). Also included are Edens' master's and doctorate diplomas from Cornell University.


High Rates Of Unprotected Sex Occurring Among Hiv-Positive Individuals In A Daily Diary Study In South Africa: The Role Of Alcohol Use, Susan M. Kiene, Leickness C. Simbayi, Amber Abrams, Allanise Cloete, Howard Tennen, Jeffrey D. Fisher Oct 2008

High Rates Of Unprotected Sex Occurring Among Hiv-Positive Individuals In A Daily Diary Study In South Africa: The Role Of Alcohol Use, Susan M. Kiene, Leickness C. Simbayi, Amber Abrams, Allanise Cloete, Howard Tennen, Jeffrey D. Fisher

CHIP Documents

Objective: To assess the prevalence of unprotected sex and examine the association between alcohol consumption before sex and unprotected sex among HIV+ individuals in Cape Town, South Africa.

Methods: For 42-days daily phone interviews assessed daily sexual behaviour and alcohol consumption. Logistic and Poisson GEE models were used to examine associations between alcohol consumption before sex and subsequent unprotected sex.

Results: During the study which yielded 3,035 data points, the 58 HIV+ women and 24 HIV+ men drank an average of 6.13 drinks when they drank, and reported 4,927 sex events, of which 80.17% were unprotected. Over half (58%) of …


Perceived Discrimination, Race And Health In South Africa, David R. Williams, Hector M. Gonzalez, Stacey L. Williams, Selina A. Mohammed, Hashim Moomal, Dan J. Stein Aug 2008

Perceived Discrimination, Race And Health In South Africa, David R. Williams, Hector M. Gonzalez, Stacey L. Williams, Selina A. Mohammed, Hashim Moomal, Dan J. Stein

ETSU Faculty Works

To assess the levels of perceived acute and chronic racial and non-racial discrimination in South Africa, their association with health, and the extent to which they contribute to racial differences in physical and mental health, data were used from a national probability sample of adults, the South African Stress and Health Study (SASH). All Black groups in South Africa (African, Coloured and Indian) were two to four times more likely than Whites to report acute and chronic experiences of racial discrimination. Africans and Coloureds report higher levels of ill health than Whites, but acute and chronic racial discrimination were unrelated …


Marginalized By Race And Place: Occupational Sex Segregation In Post-Apartheid South Africa, Sangeeta Parashar Jul 2008

Marginalized By Race And Place: Occupational Sex Segregation In Post-Apartheid South Africa, Sangeeta Parashar

Department of Sociology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Racial and gender disparities found in most other societies are particularly magnified in South Africa where the marginalized social group constitutes a numerical majority of the population. These factors, along with region, are dominant axes of inequality in the country. However, empirical knowledge of the interplay between these systems of social inequality in determining employment outcomes remains somewhat scant. This dissertation addresses that gap by studying occupational sex segregation across various racial groups using multilevel modeling techniques. Individual-level data from the 2001 Census and magisterial-level data from survey data aggregations and published sources are used. I first study the influence …


Marginalized By Race And Place: Occupational Sex Segregation In Post-Apartheid South Africa, Sangeeta Parashar Jul 2008

Marginalized By Race And Place: Occupational Sex Segregation In Post-Apartheid South Africa, Sangeeta Parashar

Department of Sociology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Purpose: Given South Africa’s apartheid history, studies have primarily focused on racial discrimination in employment outcomes, with lesser attention paid to gender and context. This paper fills an important gap by examining the combined effect of macro-and micro-level factors on occupational sex segregation in post-apartheid South Africa. Intersections by race are also explored. Design/methodology/approach A multilevel multinomial logistic regression is used to examine the influence of various supply and demand variables on women’s placement in white- and blue-collar male-dominated occupations. Data from the 2001 Census and other published sources are used, with women nested in magisterial districts. Findings Demand-side results …


Agricultural Transformation And Livelihood Struggles In South Africa's Western Cape, Michaela B. Palchick May 2008

Agricultural Transformation And Livelihood Struggles In South Africa's Western Cape, Michaela B. Palchick

Geography Honors Projects

Agricultural Transformation and Livelihood Struggles in South Africa’s Western Cape South Africa’s post-Apartheid land reform programs redistribute previously white-owned farmland to a small percentage of blacks, and provide these new farmers with agricultural extension services that promote large-scale agriculture. Due to the national legacy of racial oppression and an international pressure for neoliberal development policies, there is scant infrastructural support for small-scale agriculture. Despite the government’s vision, most black farmers produce for local consumption because competing internationally is unfavorable, especially since the removal of agricultural subsidies in 1994. The shortcomings of the agricultural transformation program are apparent in the village …


Rights At Risk: Refugees In The New South Africa, Jaclyn Sheltry May 2008

Rights At Risk: Refugees In The New South Africa, Jaclyn Sheltry

Honors Scholar Theses

This thesis seeks to analyze the relationship between public attitudes toward refugees in a refugee receiving state and the realization of the legal rights afforded refugees (de facto rights). I hypothesize that the more negative a host culture is toward refugees, the less refugees are able to realize their rights. Conversely, the more positive a host culture is toward refugees, the more refugees are able to realize their rights.

I test the hypothesis through a case study of refugee populations in Cape Town, South Africa, based on research conducted from May to June 2007. The orientation (positive or negative) of …


Women Making News: Gender And Media In South Africa, Margaretha Geertsema Apr 2008

Women Making News: Gender And Media In South Africa, Margaretha Geertsema

Scholarship and Professional Work - Communication

South Africa’s news media are still in a process of transformation after the transition to democracy in 1994. The media continue to face the challenge of ensuring equal and fair representation to the entire population, and gender and media activists in particular have taken up the challenge of bringing about change. Research shows that women have not yet achieved equal access and representation compared to men: they are under-represented as reporters, news sources, and audience members. Yet, in comparison with other countries, South Africa has about as many female reporters as the average reported in the Global Media Monitoring Project …


Like A Virgin? Virginity Testing As Hiv/Aids Prevention: Human Rights Universalism And Cultural Relativism Revisited, Erika George Jan 2008

Like A Virgin? Virginity Testing As Hiv/Aids Prevention: Human Rights Universalism And Cultural Relativism Revisited, Erika George

International & Comparative Law Colloquium Papers

No abstract provided.


Feasibility, Acceptability, Effectiveness And Cost Of Models Of Integrating Hiv Prevention And Counseling And Testing For Hiv Within Family Planning Services In North West Province, South Africa, Saiqa Mullick, Mantshi Menziwa, Nzwakie Mosery, Doctor Khoza, Edwin Maroga Jan 2008

Feasibility, Acceptability, Effectiveness And Cost Of Models Of Integrating Hiv Prevention And Counseling And Testing For Hiv Within Family Planning Services In North West Province, South Africa, Saiqa Mullick, Mantshi Menziwa, Nzwakie Mosery, Doctor Khoza, Edwin Maroga

Reproductive Health

The Population Council’s USAID-funded Frontiers in Reproductive Health (FRONTIERS) Program, in collaboration with the National Department of Health and the North West Provincial Department of Health and with support from PEPFAR, initiated a two-phased operations research study to test the acceptability, feasibility, and cost of two different models of integration of counseling and testing for HIV into family planning services in South Africa and to evaluate their effectiveness against standard practice. Based on the studies findings, the report concludes that the integration of HIV prevention activities, including education about prevention, dual protection, and counseling and testing within FP services in …


'Dare To Be Different': Enhancing Life Skills Education For Hiv Prevention In South African Schools, Tobey Nelson Sapiano, Nathi Sohaba, Eka Esu-Williams Jan 2008

'Dare To Be Different': Enhancing Life Skills Education For Hiv Prevention In South African Schools, Tobey Nelson Sapiano, Nathi Sohaba, Eka Esu-Williams

HIV and AIDS

In South Africa, approximately 5.5 million people are living with HIV. One of the main strategies the South African Government has used to build HIV prevention awareness and promote behavior change among young people is school-based life skills education. Since 2000, the Horizons Program has conducted research exploring the impact of life skills education and other school-based HIV prevention activities on young South Africans. In contrast to the high HIV prevalence among youth ages 15–24, estimated to be over 10 percent, prevalence for youth ages 10–14 is estimated at just over 1 percent. People aged 10–14 are particularly receptive to …


The Right Of Public Participation In The Law-Making Process And The Role Of The Legislature In The Promotion Of This Right, Karen Czapanskiy, Rashida Manjoo Jan 2008

The Right Of Public Participation In The Law-Making Process And The Role Of The Legislature In The Promotion Of This Right, Karen Czapanskiy, Rashida Manjoo

Faculty Scholarship

In 2006, the South African Constitutional Court found a constitutional right to participate in the legislative process in the case of Doctors for Life, Case CCT 12/05 (decided 17 August 2006). In this article, we argue that, first, legislation is better when legislators are required to invite and attend to public input, and, second, citizenship is better when legislators are required to invite and attend to public input. Doctors for Life puts South Africa on the road to improving both legislation and citizenship. In the United States, this road is largely untraveled. While rejecting traditional representative democracy as an adequate …


Identifying Sources Of Adolescent Exclusion Due To Violence: Participatory Mapping In South Africa, Nora Kenworthy, Kelly Hallman, Judith A. Diers Jan 2008

Identifying Sources Of Adolescent Exclusion Due To Violence: Participatory Mapping In South Africa, Nora Kenworthy, Kelly Hallman, Judith A. Diers

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Adolescents in post-apartheid South Africa lead lives that are filled with new opportunities yet overshadowed by rampant violence and crime. The presence of multiple and simultaneous forms of violence and the systemic lack of safety are experienced most acutely by adolescents—in particular, adolescent girls. High levels of violence and crime within the community are coupled with violence within the home and schools. The Population Council’s Transitions to Adulthood Program examines the particular factors that shape adolescents’ life chances and choices. In South Africa, Council researchers have studied how economic literacy and life skills education affect young men and women who …


Corporate Social Responsibility For Solving The Housing Problem For The Poor In South Africa, Ayman Ahmed Ezzat Othman, Basheera Mia Jan 2008

Corporate Social Responsibility For Solving The Housing Problem For The Poor In South Africa, Ayman Ahmed Ezzat Othman, Basheera Mia

Architectural Engineering

No abstract provided.


Adapting Focused Antenatal Care: Lessons From Three African Countries, Harriet Birungi Jan 2008

Adapting Focused Antenatal Care: Lessons From Three African Countries, Harriet Birungi

Reproductive Health

In 2001, the World Health Organization issued guidance on a new model of antenatal care (ANC) called goal-oriented or focused antenatal care (FANC), for implementation in developing countries. The new model reduces the number of required antenatal visits to four, and provides focused services shown to improve maternal outcomes. FANC emphasizes helping women maintain normal pregnancies by identifying existing health conditions, detecting emerging complications, promoting health, preparing for a healthy birth, and educating clients on postpartum care including nutrition, breastfeeding, and family planning. Trials conducted in Argentina, Cuba, Saudi Arabia, and Thailand proved that FANC was safe and was a …


South Africa: Integrating Services For Fp And Hiv Improves Quality And Hiv Testing, Population Council Jan 2008

South Africa: Integrating Services For Fp And Hiv Improves Quality And Hiv Testing, Population Council

Reproductive Health

The South African government wishes to expand availability and use of counseling and testing (C&T) for HIV. One option is to integrate C&T into well-attended services, such as family planning (FP). In 2004, the Population Council began a three-year study with the Department of Health in North West Province. The study tested the feasibility, acceptability, and cost of two models for integrating HIV prevention services within established FP programs, and evaluated their quality against standard practice. In the testing-model clinics, providers provided C&T services at the same consultation; in the referral-model clinics, providers offered HIV counseling and referred clients to …


South Africa: Integrated Approach Improves Quality Of Post-Rape Care, Population Council Jan 2008

South Africa: Integrated Approach Improves Quality Of Post-Rape Care, Population Council

Reproductive Health

In South Africa, an integrated model for post-rape care by nurses in a rural district hospital, which included a designated room for medical management and guidelines for providing reproductive health and HIV services, improved the quality of care provided. However, nurses remained reluctant to collect forensic evidence that could be used for prosecuting perpetrators. South Africa has developed a strong policy framework outlining medical management of rape survivors, which includes provision of HIV testing and post-exposure prophylaxis and emergency contraception, ideally within 72 hours. However, implementation has been hampered by numerous obstacles, both in health care infrastructure and policy, and …


Training Youth Caregivers To Provide Hiv Education And Support To Orphans And Vulnerable Children In South Africa, Tobey C. Nelson, Eka Esu-Williams, Lungile Mchunu, Pinkie Nyamakazi, S'Fiso Mnguni, Katie D. Schenk, Catherine Searle, Jennifer Redner Jan 2008

Training Youth Caregivers To Provide Hiv Education And Support To Orphans And Vulnerable Children In South Africa, Tobey C. Nelson, Eka Esu-Williams, Lungile Mchunu, Pinkie Nyamakazi, S'Fiso Mnguni, Katie D. Schenk, Catherine Searle, Jennifer Redner

HIV and AIDS

In KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, in Durban’s peri-urban community of Valley of 1000 Hills, Horizons partnered with Valley Trust to implement and evaluate a program to provide education and support to orphans and vulnerable children. The study utilized a pre-post test design to assess the feasibility and impact of building the capacity of youth aged 18–24 years to provide HIV education and support to in-school orphans and vulnerable children in their communities. The Valley Trust Youth Caregiver Program trained older youth to provide HIV education, homework assistance, and psychosocial support to orphans and vulnerable children aged 11–15 years. The program …


Developing Comprehensive And Evidence-Based Policy And Guidelines For Antenatal And Postnatal Care In Kwazulu-Natal, Prudence Ditlopo, Mantshi Menziwa, Saiqa Mullick, Saumya Ramarao, Janet Dalton, Dolly Nyasulu, Mags Beksinska, Busi Kunene Jan 2008

Developing Comprehensive And Evidence-Based Policy And Guidelines For Antenatal And Postnatal Care In Kwazulu-Natal, Prudence Ditlopo, Mantshi Menziwa, Saiqa Mullick, Saumya Ramarao, Janet Dalton, Dolly Nyasulu, Mags Beksinska, Busi Kunene

Reproductive Health

In May 2004, the Maternal Child and Women’s Health department of Kwazulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa requested technical assistance from the Population Council’s USAID-funded FRONTIERS project for developing standardized and comprehensive antenatal and postnatal (ANC/PNC) care policies and guidelines and supportive training and educational materials. The aims and objectives of this project were to: support the development of a comprehensive evidence-based antenatal and postnatal care program in KZN; consolidate lessons learned and evidence around delivery of comprehensive ANC and PNC; revise provincial guidelines to enable comprehensive ANC and PNC services that address PMTCT, partner involvement, syphilis screening, focused visits, and antiretrovirals; …


Response Of Carbon Fluxes To Water Relations In A Savanna Ecosystem In South Africa, W. L. Kutsch, N. Hanan, B. Scholes, I. Mchugh, W. Kubheka, H. Eckhardt, Christopher A. Williams Jan 2008

Response Of Carbon Fluxes To Water Relations In A Savanna Ecosystem In South Africa, W. L. Kutsch, N. Hanan, B. Scholes, I. Mchugh, W. Kubheka, H. Eckhardt, Christopher A. Williams

Geography

The principal mechanisms that connect carbon fluxes with water relations in savanna ecosystems were studied by using eddy covariance method in a savanna ecosystem at Kruger National Park, South Africa. Since the annual drought and rewetting cycle is a major factor influencing the function of savanna ecosystems, this work focused on the close inter-connection between water relations and carbon fluxes. Data from a nine-month measuring campaign lasting from the early wet season to the late dry season were used.

Total ecosystem respiration showed highest values at the onset of the growing season, a slightly lower plateau during the main part …