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Articles 1 - 21 of 21
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Gender Specific Differences In The Pros And Cons Of Smoking Among Current Smokers In Eastern Kentucky: Implications For Future Smoking Cessation Interventions, Dana A. Hazen, David M. Mannino, Richard Clayton
Gender Specific Differences In The Pros And Cons Of Smoking Among Current Smokers In Eastern Kentucky: Implications For Future Smoking Cessation Interventions, Dana A. Hazen, David M. Mannino, Richard Clayton
David M. Mannino
This study investigated gender differences in the perceived “pros” and “cons” of smoking using the constructs of decisional balance (DB) and stage of change from the Transtheoretical Model. The population distribution for stage of change among a population-based, cross-sectional survey of 155 current smokers over 40 years was: precontemplation (22.6%), contemplation (41.9%), preparation (35.5%). Results of stepwise regression models indicated significant gender differences in DB were in the preparation stage of change; scores on the DB measure increased 3.94 points (95% CI: 1.94, 5.93) for male smokers. Interventions targeting the “pros” and “cons” of smoking may need to be gender …
Family Sources Of Educational Gender Inequality In Rural China: A Critical Assessment, Emily C. Hannum, Peggy A. Kong, Yuping Zhang
Family Sources Of Educational Gender Inequality In Rural China: A Critical Assessment, Emily C. Hannum, Peggy A. Kong, Yuping Zhang
Emily C. Hannum
The Harry Potter Lexicon And The World Of Fandom: Fan Fiction, Outsider Works, And Copyright, Aaron Schwabach
The Harry Potter Lexicon And The World Of Fandom: Fan Fiction, Outsider Works, And Copyright, Aaron Schwabach
Aaron Schwabach
Fan fiction, long a nearly invisible form of outsider art, has grown exponentially in volume and legal importance in the past decade. Because of its nature, authorship, and underground status, fan fiction stands at an intersection of issues of property, sexuality, and gender. This article examines three disputes over fan writings, concluding with the recent dispute between J.K. Rowling and Steven Vander Ark over the Harry Potter Lexicon, which Rowling once praised and more recently succeeded in suppressing. The article builds on and adds to the emerging body of scholarship on fan fiction, concluding that much fan fiction is fair …
Left Hand, Third Finger: The Wearing Of Wedding (Or Other) Rings As A Form Of Assertive Conduct Under The Hearsay Rule, Peter Nicolas
Left Hand, Third Finger: The Wearing Of Wedding (Or Other) Rings As A Form Of Assertive Conduct Under The Hearsay Rule, Peter Nicolas
Peter Nicolas
In this manuscript, I examine the social phenomena of making use of what I call “ring evidence” to determine an individual’s marital status or sexual orientation. More specifically, I note the common practice of identifying people as married based on the presence of a ring on the ring finger of the left hand, as gay and in a committed relationship based on the presence of a ring on the ring finger of the right hand, and as single based on the absence of a ring.
Next, I identify two problems with making use of ring evidence to draw conclusions about …
Redefining Harm, Reimagining Remedies And Reclaiming Domestic Violence Law, Margaret Johnson
Redefining Harm, Reimagining Remedies And Reclaiming Domestic Violence Law, Margaret Johnson
Margaret E Johnson
Women subjected to domestic violence are disserved by the civil domestic violence laws that should effectively address and redress their harms. The Civil Protective Order [CPO] laws should remedy all domestic abuse and not solely physical violence or criminal acts. All forms of abuse, including psychological, emotional, economic and physical abuse, cause severe emotional distress, physical harm, isolation, sustained fear, intimidation, poverty, degradation, humiliation, and coerced loss of autonomy. Moreover, all abuse is interrelated, because, as researchers have demonstrated, most domestic violence is the fundamental operation of systemic oppression through the exertion of power and control. Given the effectiveness of …
Of Authorship And Audacity: An Empirical Study Of Gender Disparity And Privilege In The “Top Ten” Law Reviews, Minna J. Kotkin
Of Authorship And Audacity: An Empirical Study Of Gender Disparity And Privilege In The “Top Ten” Law Reviews, Minna J. Kotkin
Minna J. Kotkin
In today’s law schools, article placement is a significant consideration in hiring, promotion, tenure, and lateral mobility. This article analyzes authorship by gender and home school “privilege” in 15 law reviews (the “top ten”) over a three year period. It compares these data with the gender composition of the professoriate and of the 15 schools’ faculties, using Association of American Law Schools and American Bar Association statistics. The mean percentage of articles authored by one or more women (and no men) is 20.3. Nationally, women comprise 31% of the tenured/tenure-track professoriate and 28.3% at the 15 schools. At the associate …
Nietzsche/Pentheus: The Last Disciple Of Dionysus And Queer Fear Of The Feminine, C. Heike Schotten
Nietzsche/Pentheus: The Last Disciple Of Dionysus And Queer Fear Of The Feminine, C. Heike Schotten
C. Heike Schotten
No abstract provided.
What Is Hegemonic Masculinity?, Mike Donaldson
What Is Hegemonic Masculinity?, Mike Donaldson
Mike Donaldson
Hegemonic masculinity is a powerful idea that has been usefully employed for about twenty five years (by 2007) in a wide variety of contexts and has now been subject to much critical review. Its successful application to a wide range of different cultures suggests that there may well be no known human societies in which some form of masculinity has not emerged as dominant, more socially central, more associated with power, in which a pattern of practices embodying the "currently most honoured way" of being male legitimates the superordination of men over women. Hegemonic masculinity is normative in a social …
Negotiating Difference: Singaporean Women Building An Ethics Of Respect, Lenore T. Lyons
Negotiating Difference: Singaporean Women Building An Ethics Of Respect, Lenore T. Lyons
Lenore Lyons
Extract: The problem of difference emerged as a significant issue in western feminist theory making during the 1980s-1990s. In response to claims that western feminism ignored the lives and voices of third world women1, attention was increasingly been placed on the need to forge broad-based coalitions that embrace difference and commonality. But, in the call to build coalitions, little work focused on the meaning of difference in the everyday lives of feminist activists; how do feminists work with women who are different to themselves? In this paper I examine the lives of women who belong to the Singaporean feminist organisation …
Marriage And Divorce: Changes And Their Driving Forces, Betsey Stevenson, Justin Wolfers
Marriage And Divorce: Changes And Their Driving Forces, Betsey Stevenson, Justin Wolfers
Betsey A Stevenson
We document key facts about marriage and divorce, comparing trends through the past 150 years and outcomes across demographic groups and countries. While divorce rates have risen over the past 150 years, they have been falling for the past quarter century. Marriage rates have also been falling, but more strikingly, the importance of marriage at different points in the life cycle has changed, reflecting rising age at first marriage, rising divorce followed by high remarriage rates, and a combination of increased longevity with a declining age gap between husbands and wives. Cohabitation has also become increasingly important, emerging as a …
Sacrifice And Civic Membership: Who Earns Rights, And When?, Julie Novkov
Sacrifice And Civic Membership: Who Earns Rights, And When?, Julie Novkov
Julie Novkov
This paper considers two moments that scholars generally agree featured advances for African Americans’ citizenship – the end of the Civil War and Reconstruction, and World War II and its immediate aftermath – and reads these moments through lenses of race and gender. I consider the conjunction of acknowledged sacrifices and contributions to the state, the rights advances achieved, and the gendered and racialized conceptions of citizen service emerging out of both post-war periods. This conjunction suggests that the kind of citizenship that people of color gained during and after wartime crises depended upon gendered and racialized hierarchies that valued …
Economists, Value Judgments, And Climate Change: A View From Feminist Economics, Julie Nelson
Economists, Value Judgments, And Climate Change: A View From Feminist Economics, Julie Nelson
Julie A. Nelson
A number of recent discussions about ethical issues in climate change, as engaged in by economists, have focused on the value of the parameter representing the rate of time preference within models of optimal growth. This essay examines many economists' antipathy to serious discussion of ethical matters, and suggests that the avoidance of questions of intergenerational equity is related to another set of value judgments concerning the quality and objectivity of economic practice. Using insights from feminist philosophy of science and research on high reliability organizations, this essay argues that a more ethically transparent, real-world-oriented, and flexible economic practice would …
Comparing The Effects Of Various Whole-Body Vibration Accelerations On Counter-Movement Jump Performance, David M. Bazett-Jones, Holmes W. Finch, Eric L. Dugan
Comparing The Effects Of Various Whole-Body Vibration Accelerations On Counter-Movement Jump Performance, David M. Bazett-Jones, Holmes W. Finch, Eric L. Dugan
Eric L. Dugan
While it seems that whole body vibration (WBV) might be an effective modality to enhance physical performance, the proper prescription of WBV for performance enhancement remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate effect of various WBV accelerations on counter movement jump (CMJ) height, the duration of any effect, and differences between men and women. Forty-four participants (33 men, 11 women) participated in no less than four CMJ familiarization sessions and completed all vibration sessions. Participants performed a pre-test (three maximal CMJs), followed randomly by one of five WBV accelerations; 1g (no-WBV control), 2.16g, 2.80g, 4.87g, …
Gender And The Legal Profession: The Michigan Alumni Data Set 1967-2000, Kenneth G. Dau-Schmidt, Marc S. Galanter, Kaushik Mukhopadhaya, Kathleen E. Hull
Gender And The Legal Profession: The Michigan Alumni Data Set 1967-2000, Kenneth G. Dau-Schmidt, Marc S. Galanter, Kaushik Mukhopadhaya, Kathleen E. Hull
Kenneth G. Dau-Schmidt
The entry of women into the legal profession has forever changed both lawyers and the profession. In the brief period since the 1970’s, women have gone from a few brave pioneers constituting 3% of the bar to almost half of all new law students and a third of practicing attorneys. Women have brought to the profession a different set of assets and problems than men, focusing attention on the problem of balancing work and family in a way not previously experienced by the profession. In this study, we use the University of Michigan Law School Alumni Data Set to undertake …
Ethnic And Gender Satisfaction In The Military: The Effect Of A Meritocratic Institution, Jennifer H. Lundquist
Ethnic And Gender Satisfaction In The Military: The Effect Of A Meritocratic Institution, Jennifer H. Lundquist
Dr. Jennifer H. Lundquist
This article reevaluates traditional racial and gender disparities in the work satisfaction literature by examining the U.S. military: an institution that has ameliorated many racial inequalities while exacerbating gender conflict. The military departs from civilian society in some analytically useful ways, making it a unique, though underutilized, setting for examining inequality. Using data from the Pentagon’s 1999 Survey of Active Duty Personnel (SADP), results suggest that black males and females, Latino males and females, and white females all experience greater perceived benefits to military service than do white males along several dimensions of self-assessed job satisfaction and quality of life. …
Acculturation, Allen Gnanam
Acculturation, Allen Gnanam
Allen Gnanam
Acculturation is an experience/ phenomenon that occurs when groups of individuals with different cultural backgrounds engage in on going/ continuous physical contact, which in turn causes one or more of the different cultures too experience adaptation/ a change in their original cultural practices (Berry, 1997); (Berry, 2008). Acculturation is a phenomenon that occurs at a macro level/ group level and a micro level/ individual level, and this means that an individual of a certain ethnic minority group can experience acculturation differently than their ethnic minority group (Berry, 1997). Macro level acculturation occurs when the original culture of a specific ethnic …
Theoretical Predictors Of Delinquency Among Public School Students In A Mid-Southern State, Preston Elrod, Nathan Lowe, David May
Theoretical Predictors Of Delinquency Among Public School Students In A Mid-Southern State, Preston Elrod, Nathan Lowe, David May
Preston Elrod, Ph.D.
Theoretical predictors of delinquency among a sample of rural and small town youths are examined by testing the impact of numerous theoretical indices both within in-school and out-of-school settings, while also examining gender, through the use of structural equation models. Our findings suggest the impact of theoretical predictors on delinquency varies not only by gender, but by social context as well. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.
Rural Families And Work-Family Issues, Lisa Pruitt
Rural Families And Work-Family Issues, Lisa Pruitt
Lisa R Pruitt
This essay, an entry for the on-line Sloan Work and Family Encyclopedia, provides an overview of work-family challenges in the context of rural America. Among the issues addressed are lack of economic diversification and opportunity; deficits in human capital; the dearth of childcare, transportation and other services that facilitate employment; and the deeply entrenched character of gender roles in rural societies. The entry discusses not only concerns related to rural socioeconomic disadvantage, but also those arising from the distances that separate rural residents from work, educational opportunities, and services. The essay notes that rural families are sometimes disserved by policies …
A Community Of Sentiment: Indo-Fijian Music And Identity Discourse In Fiji And Its Diaspora, Kevin C. Miller
A Community Of Sentiment: Indo-Fijian Music And Identity Discourse In Fiji And Its Diaspora, Kevin C. Miller
Kevin C. Miller
Through an historical and ethnographic account of Indo-Fijian music and related cultural practices, this dissertation examines the co-implicative relationship between music making and collective identity formation. Indo-Fijians, who compose about 37 percent of Fiji’s current population, descend primarily from colonial-era Indian laborers. Specifically, I interpret discourses about music and discourses of music to query three broad intersections of musical performance and “community”: 1) the “subethnic,” in which the heterogeneous “Indo-Fijian community” negotiates internal difference; 2) the national, in which fraught social and political relationships between Indo-Fijians and indigenous Fijians—the majority population—inhibit their co-authoring of the nationstate; and 3) the transnational, …
Not Just A Business Transaction: The Logic And Limits Of Grandparental Childcare Assistance In Taiwan, Shirley Hsiao-Li Sun
Not Just A Business Transaction: The Logic And Limits Of Grandparental Childcare Assistance In Taiwan, Shirley Hsiao-Li Sun
Shirley SUN
How does the presence of grandparents in the household impact the gendered division of childcare responsibilities between spouses? How does it compare with market-based care? Drawing on in-depth interview data, this study finds that Taiwanese grandparents treat childcare assistance as their moral responsibility. Mothers express more appreciation for assistance from their own mothers than their mothers-in-law. Fathers appreciate the role of both their parents and their in-laws. The analysis suggests that the character of intergenerational relations is one of the factors mediating the degree to which married women's entrnace into the paid labour force results in the perceived childcare deficit.
Widow's Pension And Gender Equality: Runkee V. United Kingdom, Mel Cousins
Widow's Pension And Gender Equality: Runkee V. United Kingdom, Mel Cousins
Mel Cousins
The long litigation saga involving the compatibility of UK legislation on survivors’ benefits appears to have come to a (not particularly glorious) end with the European Court of Human Rights’ (ECtHR) decision in Runkee and White v United Kingdom. This case involved a challenge to the compatibility of national law on the payment of widows’ pensions solely to women, similar to that considered by the House of Lords in Hooper and the ECtHR came to a similar conclusion holding that UK law was not incompatible with the European Convention on Human Rights.