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Articles 1 - 30 of 78
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The Stories Behind The Stories Mediation Of Narratives In David’S Story, Naima Kalra Gupta
The Stories Behind The Stories Mediation Of Narratives In David’S Story, Naima Kalra Gupta
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
The Truth and Reconciliation Committee was set up in the aftermath of apartheid to bring to the surface human rights abuses that took place in the apartheid era, through witness testimony and recount- ing of trauma. The TRC undoubtedly brought to the forefront the challenges of narrating and the reasons for remembering a contested and traumatic past. It is impossible to read David’s Story, which shifts temporally between Griqua efforts for self-determination and the South African liberation movement and foregrounds the act of telling, without taking into account the ambitious project of the TRC. This paper examines how history is …
The Nature Of Cofilin’S Severing Mechanism, Ethan Lester
The Nature Of Cofilin’S Severing Mechanism, Ethan Lester
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
Cofilin plays an essential role in regulating actin filament propagation through the cytoplasmic medium. Over the years, various studies have been conducted in an attempt to better understand the complex mechanism by which cofilin promotes filament severing and de-polymerization. Here, we have compiled information obtained from these studies in order to craft a more complete and succinct description of cofilin functionality. In particular, we review the precise structural and mechanical changes associated with cofilin-binding, and the subtle ways in which some of these structural changes may be interconnected.
Strong Inclination Pacing Of Climate In Late Triassic Low Latitudes Revealed By The Earth-Saturn Tilt Cycle, Miranda Margulis-Ohnuma, Jessica Whiteside, Paul Olsen
Strong Inclination Pacing Of Climate In Late Triassic Low Latitudes Revealed By The Earth-Saturn Tilt Cycle, Miranda Margulis-Ohnuma, Jessica Whiteside, Paul Olsen
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
Gravitational interactions among masses in the solar system are recorded in Earth’s paleoclimate history because variations in the geometry of Earth’s orbit and axial orientation modulate insolation. However, astronomical models are unreliable before ~50 Ma due to the chaotic nature of the solar system and therefore must be constrained using geological observations. Here, we use environmental proxies from paleo-tropical Late Triassic lake deposits of the Newark Rift Basin to identify and tune to previously undescribed strong variations in orbital inclination. Tuning to the 173 kyr Earth-Saturn inclination cycle, theoretically stable due to the high mass of Saturn, reveals both other …
Metabolic Control Of Stem Cell Ageing And Longevity Through Caloric Restriction, Valerie Navarrete
Metabolic Control Of Stem Cell Ageing And Longevity Through Caloric Restriction, Valerie Navarrete
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
While prior studies have identified recurring genetic patterns, gaps of knowledge still remain in existing aging mechanisms; where they originate, and how they offer insight to environmental disruptions that dictate health over time. Given the inescapability of age-related deterioration and pathology, stitching together current literature may help demystify the biological process common to all living mammals. The physiological disruption of aged tissue reflects a cellular dependence on environmental cues and historical wear. Retaining the capacity to differentiate into any cell type, a stem cell best parallels a call-and-response relationship between organ and cell. As the longest living proliferative cell in …
Examining The Viability Of Computational Psychiatry: Approaches Into The Future, Mitchell Ostrow
Examining The Viability Of Computational Psychiatry: Approaches Into The Future, Mitchell Ostrow
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
As modern medicine becomes increasingly personalized, psychiatry lags behind, using poorly-understood drugs and therapies to treat mental disorders. With the advent of methods that capture large quantities of data, such as genome-wide analyses or fMRI, machine learning (ML) approaches have become prominent in neuroscience. This is promising for studying the brain’s function, but perhaps more importantly, these techniques can potentially predict the onset of disorder and treatment response. Experimental approaches that use naive machine learning algorithms have dominated research in computational psychiatry over the past decade. In a critical review and analysis, I argue that biologically realistic approaches will be …
Analysis Of The Electronic Effects And Reactivity Of Benzhydrols In The Formation Of Benzhydryl Ethers, Katherine Quesada, Daniel Chabeda, Jaeger Johnson, Alex Shore
Analysis Of The Electronic Effects And Reactivity Of Benzhydrols In The Formation Of Benzhydryl Ethers, Katherine Quesada, Daniel Chabeda, Jaeger Johnson, Alex Shore
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
Benzhydryl ethers were synthesized through the use of microwave irradiation in a proto-ionic liquid solvent. The resulting products were separated from the reaction mixture by vacuum filtration with a silica gel plug. The products were analyzed using GCMS and 1 H NMR techniques to identify and quantify products. Analysis of the resultant data indicated the syntheses of the desired benzhydryl products were successful for 4,4-dimethoxybenzhydrol (conversion: 83% (1-propyl ether), 11% (2-propyl ether), 11% (menthyl ether)) and 4,4-dimethylbenzhydrol (conversion to desired product: 100% (1-propyl ether), 100% (2-propyl ether), 26% (menthyl ether)). However, the syntheses were unsuccessful for reactant 4,4-difluorobenzhydrol and benzhydrol. …
A Dispersive Force Model Of Caribbean Island Biogeography, Anthony Sarkiss
A Dispersive Force Model Of Caribbean Island Biogeography, Anthony Sarkiss
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
Framework-based models serve as an important tool to describe, predict and manage ecological systems. In this paper I construct one such model, a dispersive force model based on MacArthur and Wilson’s (1963) theory of island biogeography, in order to assess island species richness with varying climatic patterns. Specifically, I use island–mainland distance (d), insular area (A), a climatic dispersal parameter (f), and a climatic disturbance parameter (h) to calculate the insular species richness ratio at equilibrium. To test this model through hurricane impact on marine islands, it was executed with data from islands of the Dutch Caribbean. Future climatic conditions …
The Impact Of Hospital Concentration On Municipal Finances, Jarrett Bell
The Impact Of Hospital Concentration On Municipal Finances, Jarrett Bell
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
Since adoption of the Affordable Care Act, hospital concentration has increased across the country, with alarming implications for healthcare affordability. This paper finds evidence that hospital concentration is associated with increases in tax revenue and property tax revenue per capita within a city. The relationship between hospital concentration and taxes is strongest in cities with higher tax revenues, with higher nonprofit ownership shares, and that financially support their hospitals. This paper investigates two potential mechanisms through which hospital concentration may increase tax revenues within a city—specifically, the effect of concentration on changes in nonprofit or for-profit hospital ownership and the …
The Giant Under Salvini’S Feet: An Analysis Of La Lega, Samuel Landino
The Giant Under Salvini’S Feet: An Analysis Of La Lega, Samuel Landino
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
Matteo Salvini is the former Deputy Prime Minister, and former Minister of the Interior of Italy. Born in Milan, Salvini joined and quickly rose up the ranks of the Young Padanians Movement, a political youth group associated with the newly formed Lega Nord political party. Now, Salvini sits on the throne of La Lega, as the party’s secretary and chairman. Not only is Salvini the formal party leader, but he has also shown himself to be extremely popular on social media – using his Twitter account to rabble-rouse, organize, and grandstand. While Salvini’s xenophobic and anti-statist rhetoric is certainly worth …
Tail-Anchored Protein Insertion Under Er Stress Conditions: Calcium Is Key, Matthew Jordan, Malaiyalam Mariappan
Tail-Anchored Protein Insertion Under Er Stress Conditions: Calcium Is Key, Matthew Jordan, Malaiyalam Mariappan
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
Tail-anchored (TA) membrane proteins are critical for protein translocation, intracellular trafficking, and programmed cell death. TA proteins contain hydrophobic transmembrane domains and traverse through the cytosol to post-translationally insert into cellular membranes. It is unclear how this post-translational insertion is affected by Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress. Here, we find that TA protein insertion is significantly reduced with ER stress inducer thapsigargin (Tg), a calcium pump inhibitor that blocks the import of calcium into the ER causing ER stress, but not when treated with other ER stress inducers. Interestingly, out data suggests that increased calcium in the cytosol may decrease TA …
Incomplete? Or Indefinite? Intuitionism On Gödel’S First Incompleteness Theorem, Quinn Crawford
Incomplete? Or Indefinite? Intuitionism On Gödel’S First Incompleteness Theorem, Quinn Crawford
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
This paper analyzes two natural-looking arguments that seek to leverage Gödel’s first incompleteness theorem for and against intuitionism, concluding in both cases that the argument is unsound because it equivocates on the meaning of “proof,” which differs between formalism and intuitionism. I argue that this difference explains why “proof” has definite extension for the formalist but not for the intuitionist. Sections 1-3 summarize various philosophies of mathematics and Gödel’s result. Section 4 argues that, because the Gödel sentence of a formal system is provable to the intuitionist, they are neither aided nor attacked by Gödel’s first incompleteness theorem. Section 5 …
Turning Science Fiction Into Reality: Enhanced Motor Learning For Prosthetic Limbs, Makayla Conley
Turning Science Fiction Into Reality: Enhanced Motor Learning For Prosthetic Limbs, Makayla Conley
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
In science fiction, prosthetic limbs appear as seamless extensions of the human body that function as if the limbs were made of flesh and bone. With recent technological and scientific advancements, the prosthetic limbs of today are beginning to resemble those we once only imagined. Patients are now able to perform simple, everyday tasks like drinking from a glass of water. However, there are many limitations to this technology, including lack of fine motor movement, absence of reflexes, and missing sensory feedback from the prosthetic limb. These restrictions prohibit prosthetics patients from having the same experience as someone with a …
An Upstander Is A Person In Your Neighborhood: Children, Sesame Street, And Race In 2020, Gemma Yoo
An Upstander Is A Person In Your Neighborhood: Children, Sesame Street, And Race In 2020, Gemma Yoo
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
Educational children’s media, such as the program Sesame Street, may be the most accessible format for teaching young children about race and racism in the United States. Throughout its history, Sesame Street has attempted to confront racism through its diverse cast and, in the summer of 2020, by directly addressing the topic with children and families. However, both its passive representation and active discussion fall short of what is needed to confront systemic racism. This paper addresses Sesame Street’s past and present role as a leader in children’s educational media, and advocates that the program employ Critical Race Theory to …
The Conscience Of The Dollar: Are Religious Donors Sensitive To Moral Infractions?, Bradley Yam
The Conscience Of The Dollar: Are Religious Donors Sensitive To Moral Infractions?, Bradley Yam
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
Do religious donors give strategically or idealistically? The entanglement between the conservative Republican party and religious groups, particularly evangelical Christianity, on issues of abortion, sexual mores, and family values makes it difficult to analyze this question along voting lines. Regardless of how one votes, citizens and organizations can still punish their political leaders for moral infractions by voting with their wallets. This study aims to discern if there is a relationship between political scandals and religious donations.
Canines And Commons: An Institutional Analysis, Andy Xie
Canines And Commons: An Institutional Analysis, Andy Xie
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
This paper applies Elinor Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development Framework to explain how a local dog park – the Montrose – is able to overcome communal degradation in the absence of a centralized power. In the first half of this piece, I elucidate the rules, participants, and systems that characterize this specific social-ecological system. In the second half, through a combination of park-goer interviews and analyses of online reviews, I find that the existence of high degrees of social capital between participants, repeated interactions, entwined utilities, and the institutional diversity of a polycentric system serve to explain the effective maintenance, …
Shadow Banks, Money Market Funds, And Regulation: How Much Is Too Much?, Ainsley Weber
Shadow Banks, Money Market Funds, And Regulation: How Much Is Too Much?, Ainsley Weber
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
This paper examines the development of the shadow banking sector in the US leading up to the global financial crisis of 2007-2008. Shadow banking, or nonbank financial intermediation, consists of credit intermediation that takes place outside of the traditional banking sector. This can include off-balance sheet operations at banks and finance holding companies as well as operations at other nonbank financial companies. The paper reviews how shadow banking emerged as a result of regulatory arbitrage and the search for higher returns before considering how it contributed to the buildup of systemic risk leading up to the crisis. It specifically inspects …
The Morality Of Pronoun Flexibility: Connections Between Language And Cognitive Identity Alignment, Mafalda Von Alvensleben
The Morality Of Pronoun Flexibility: Connections Between Language And Cognitive Identity Alignment, Mafalda Von Alvensleben
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
The power of words we use to refer to one another is gaining recognition in contemporary socio-political discourse. Yet, interplay between language and complex cognitive processes, including moral judgments and identity formation, largely remains a subject of philosophical and theoretical debate. In order to begin examining the existence of such interactions empirically, this paper investigates the syntactic shift of the third person plural pronoun they/them to the third person singular, used to refer to gender non-binary/gender nonconforming individuals. Using grammaticality acceptance ratings and the Worthen 2016 moral attitudes test, administered under timed pressure, this study measures both intuitions surrounding the …
Access To Drinking Water And The Empowerment Of Women In The Southwest Coast Of Bangladesh: Intersections Of Gender, Class, And Space, Sunehra Subah
Access To Drinking Water And The Empowerment Of Women In The Southwest Coast Of Bangladesh: Intersections Of Gender, Class, And Space, Sunehra Subah
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
The low-lying southwest coast in Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable areas to the effects of climate change, with great water scarcity and high levels of arsenic and salinity. Women are the main accessors and users of water in this area due to their restriction to work in domestic spaces. Their gendered relationships to water in this area play a role in their empowerment and powerlessness. These relationships can be looked at through four examples of power: power over the body, power over mobility, power over decisions, and power over finances. It’s critical to consider the intersections of gender, …
Decolonization: The Litmus Test Of The Human Rights Framework, Isiuwa Omoigui
Decolonization: The Litmus Test Of The Human Rights Framework, Isiuwa Omoigui
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
This literature review examines the complicated relationship between anticolonial activism and the human rights framework that emerged in the wake of the Second World War. I contextualize the scholarly debate on the tension between conceptions of human rights as an individual entitlement and the collectivist nature of African anticolonial struggles. The universalism of the human rights framework endures the harsh light of critique, given its emergence from the twentieth-century European experience of genocide and great powers’ competing commitments to democracy and empire. The crimes against humanity committed in the name of colonial conquest and rule challenge the great powers’ moral …
Social Media And The Construction And Propagation Of Populist-Nationalist Discourse, Paula Pineda
Social Media And The Construction And Propagation Of Populist-Nationalist Discourse, Paula Pineda
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
The growing overlap between three important phenomena—the increasingly widespread use of social media (especially as a tool for political communication), the current populist zeitgeist (as described by Cas Mudde), and the rise of right-wing nationalism—make the question of how social media can be employed as a platform for the amplification of populist-nationalist discourse particularly pressing. This paper explores the affordances of social media that allow for its employment in the creation and propagation of populist-nationalist discourse, particularly the elective affinity between social media and populism, the way that social media can provide a platform for the emotive element of populist-nationalist …
Art As Protest: How Creative Activism Shaped “Black Lives Matter” In Richmond, Virginia, Anaheed Mobaraki
Art As Protest: How Creative Activism Shaped “Black Lives Matter” In Richmond, Virginia, Anaheed Mobaraki
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
Unrest spurred by the resurgence of the Black Lives Matter movement in the United States has flowed throughout the city of Richmond, Virginia. Unique forms of protest have proliferated across the city, encompassing several artistic tactics such as graffiti art, oral storytelling, graphic design, and movement art. This paper will explore the effectiveness of art as protest by analyzing its impacts on several foundational aspects of social movements. Combining my personal observations, scholarly literature, and research on other social movements, I have developed my own findings regarding the use of art in Richmond’s Black Lives Matter movement. I posit that …
“Our Neighbors In The Americas”: Obama, Empathy, And The Cuban Thaw, Sarah Mckinnis
“Our Neighbors In The Americas”: Obama, Empathy, And The Cuban Thaw, Sarah Mckinnis
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
In the study of International Relations, there is growing research and consideration of the significance of empathy in political communications and nation-to-nation relationships. This article examines cognitive empathy, the ability to understand the perspectives and feelings of another, in the case of the Cuban Thaw, the reestablishment of diplomatic relations between Cuba and The United States. It traces President Obama’s use of empathy in publicly communicating intentions towards Cubans and Americans, a rhetoric that marks a contrast from the previous U.S. administrations’ attitudes toward Cuba. This article then analyzes the efficacy of that rhetoric, finding that though there are indications …
Troubles Of The Coast: Industrialization, Climate Change, Marginality, And Collective Action Among Fishing Communities In Kerala, India, Abigail Maher
Troubles Of The Coast: Industrialization, Climate Change, Marginality, And Collective Action Among Fishing Communities In Kerala, India, Abigail Maher
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
This paper explores the ways in which small-scale fishing communities in Kerala, India are affected by both industrialization and climate change, how they respond to these challenges, and the spatial, political, and social context in which these communities are situated. In order to do this, a combination of primary source materials and scholarly work is utilized. Construction of small-scale fishing communities as culturally “primitive”, as well as caste prejudice on the part of the government and industrial fishers, has resulted in increased marginalization of fishing communities and increased difficulty in adapting to the adverse changes associated with both climate change …
Sounding The Alarm: Down-Ballot Setback For The Democrats In 2020, Yaakov Huba
Sounding The Alarm: Down-Ballot Setback For The Democrats In 2020, Yaakov Huba
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
The 2020 general election turned out more American voters than any other election, its monumental stakes commanding the attention of the world. While the focus in the race’s aftermath has primarily been the top of the ticket, the rebuke of President Trump’s time in office, the equally important down-ballot races have been largely passed over. Many major political analysts like the Cook Political Report predicted that Democrats would expand their House majority by 5-10 seats. Yet, the Democratic Party ended up losing 10 seats1. During the certification of election results, I collected data on incumbents in the US House of …
The Cuban Vote: How A Very Unreligious Group Votes For A Very Religiously Affiliated Party, Kelly Gouin
The Cuban Vote: How A Very Unreligious Group Votes For A Very Religiously Affiliated Party, Kelly Gouin
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
While there is a strong recorded correlation between religiosity and Republican Party affiliation, Cuban Americans report low religiosity but strong support for the GOP (58% of Cuban Americans are affiliated with the GOP). This is only one way in which this community is an outlier: Cuban Americans do not behave like other Hispanics; do not vote like other religious groups; are more liberal than the average Republican voter; and have not experienced the religious revival often observed in citizens of former communist regimes. These particularities suggest that Cuban Americans’ reaction is very specific to the combination of their experiences in …
The Impact Of Climate Change On Security In The Middle East: A Review Of The Literature, Yara El-Khatib
The Impact Of Climate Change On Security In The Middle East: A Review Of The Literature, Yara El-Khatib
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
The Middle East, which is already plagued by a series of security threats–such as terrorism, religious conflict, political instability, and more–is also an increasingly water-scarce and climate-vulnerable region. In this review, I examine the most recent and relevant literature on the debate of: how will, and how has climate change affected security in the Middle East? I examine five articles and one book that tackle this question, and I organize these sources based on the extent to which they argue that climate change is a determinant of insecurity in the region. While a few authors argue that climate change has …
Barriers To The Diagnosis Of Dyslexia In Children, Maria Cunningham
Barriers To The Diagnosis Of Dyslexia In Children, Maria Cunningham
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
Dyslexia is a learning disability that impairs reading, writing, and spelling and is estimated to affect 5-20% of people (Shaywitz, 1998; Shaywitz, 2003). Although dyslexia is a life-long disability that has no cure, evidence-based treatments are available for struggling students (Shaywitz, 2003). The earlier these interventions are implemented, the better the student outcomes (Alexander & Slinger-Constant, 2004). However, despite the very high prevalence of dyslexia and time-sensitive need for treatment, many affected individuals slip through the cracks and go undiagnosed until adolescence or adulthood – most never get diagnosed at all (Shaywitz, 2003). This paper addresses potential barriers that contribute …
“Developing” Gender Equality: A Transnational Feminist Critique Of International Development Theory And Practice, Caroline Crystal
“Developing” Gender Equality: A Transnational Feminist Critique Of International Development Theory And Practice, Caroline Crystal
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
Gender equality is increasingly understood as fundamental to international development, despite how the field differs from feminism in its intellectual tradition and ultimate goals. However, legitimacy, gender and understandings of gender equality are transnational and not global modalities, and even the most well-meaning institutions are not absent from global power relations or individual subjectivities. Often located in the “West,” international development organizations frequently make assumptions shaped by Western hegemony and therefore reproduce the very inequalities they claim to address. I explore the overlaps and asymmetries between transnational feminism and the gender equality programs of international development organizations such as the …
An Indigenous-Informed Archaeological Approach To Dating The Taos Pueblo, Cameron Chacon
An Indigenous-Informed Archaeological Approach To Dating The Taos Pueblo, Cameron Chacon
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
This paper sets out a theoretical proposal for obtaining an absolute date for the Taos Pueblo, a living archaeological site that may be the oldest continuously occupied structure in North America. The paper first explores the history and current state of archaeological and anthropological study at the Taos Pueblo and within the larger Taos community, determining that past academic studies have not fully aligned with the goals of the community itself, and have done harm in relationships between archaeologists and members of the Pueblo. I propose that the living heritage framework, as described in Trujillo (2019) and in accordance with …
Xenophobia In The ‘Rainbow Nation’: An Analysis Of Intergroup Conflict In Contemporary South Africa, Rachel Calcott
Xenophobia In The ‘Rainbow Nation’: An Analysis Of Intergroup Conflict In Contemporary South Africa, Rachel Calcott
The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal
Since the inception of democracy in South Africa, the nation has been touted as an example of racial reconciliation and harmonious diversity. However, the xenophobic violence that has plagued the state since 2008 and resulted in hundreds of fatalities reveals deep and ongoing intergroup divides. Dehumanizing rhetoric around immigration is propagated by both elected officials and the media, and non-natives are frequently characterized as ‘parasitic’ and ‘criminal.’ In this paper I suggest that the xenophobic violence observed in contemporary South Africa may be explained via a three-pronged analysis: the construction of an ‘exceptional’ South African social identity during the early …