Digital Commons Network^™

Inter-Institutional Analysis Of Skin Of Color Representation In Dermatological Lecture Content At Md And Do Medical Schools, Oluwafunke O. Ogunremi, Blake Fredericksen, John Komas, Sana F. Ismail, Siri Knusten-Larson, Valeriy Kozmenko, Afia Albin

Student Publications

The purpose of this study was to analyze the lecture materials provided in medical schools through a diversity lens. Skin pathologies manifest distinctively on various shades of skin and physicians must be equipped with the proper knowledge to identify and diagnose these conditions accurately and promptly. For most medical students, images in prominent textbooks and lecture slides are their first encounter with disease presentations. Therefore, it is important to analyze the diversity of skin tones in the content that is being delivered. Specifically, the use of images featuring darker skin tones compared to those depicting lighter skin tones. This study …

Drivers Of Perceived Discrimination Among Older Adults In India: An Intersectional Analysis, Jayantika Chakraborty, Sampurna Kundu

Student Publications

Discrimination is harmful action taken against individuals or groups to protect customary relations of power and privilege. Older adults are particularly vulnerable to experiences of discrimination that adversely affect their quality of life. We use data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India (LASI; Wave 1; 2017–2018) to examine different contextual forces that shape the experiences of discrimination in older adults in India, specifically gender, caste, and economic condition. We used the theory of intersectionality to hypothesize that economic condition, caste, and gender combine uniquely to engender perceived discrimination in older adults. We first used a concentration index to determine …

Merging Adoption Of Natural Climate Solutions In Agriculture With Climatic And Non-Climatic Risks Within An (Intra)Gendered Framework, Kwabena Antwi

Student Publications

The extant research on climate variability shares significant theoretical contributions to vulnerability and risks. However, the literature mostly focuses on technical solutions to climate extremes which undermines efforts to identify and solve the dynamics within gender groups in using agricultural-based natural climate solutions (NCS) to address climatic and non-climatic risks. With this in mind, this study implements both quantitative and qualitative approaches including household surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions to investigate the adoption of NCS within gender groups to address climatic and non-climatic risks in three selected communities (Katanga, Dakio, and Zonno) in the Bolgatanga East District …

Analysis Of Causes For Revision In Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty, Sujit Tripathy, Siddharth Satyakam Pradhan, Shahnawaz Khan, Hursch Patel

Student Publications

The study by Zhao et al identifies the factors leading to the failure of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) in their patients. These factors include substandard suturing of the wound, the presence of osteophytes and intra-articular loose bodies causing impingement, premature loosening of the tibial component, choosing unsuitable patients for the procedure, dislocation of the movable insert, and damage to the anterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligament. The findings suggest that employing the correct surgical techniques and indications is essential for successful outcomes in the UKA.

Histopathological Evaluation Of Geriatric Ophthalmic Veins: A Cadaveric Study, Farida Mehrhoff, Keanna Theobalt, Alla G. Barry, Robert Hillard

Student Publications

Context: The ophthalmic vein (OV) has become a source of increasing curiosity since many aspects of vascular surgery of the orbit have become feasible. At the same time, histochemical analysis of veins, in general, tends to skip the OV. Moreover, age‑related changes in the OVs remain untouched. Aims: Our research explores features of aging in the OV. Settings and Design: We immunohistochemically evaluated the superior and inferior OVs in 49 orbits of 28 formalin‑embalmed human cadavers (age 77.86 ± 13.38) without visible vascular malformations. Materials and Methods: Specimens were stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Verhoeff, laminin, and CD31 stains were …

Dose-Dependent Cranial Irradiation Associations With Brain Structures And Neuropsychological Outcomes In Children With Posterior Fossa Brain Tumors, Mary Baron Nelson, Sharon O'Neil, Scarlet J. Cho, Sofia Dhanani, Jeffrey Tanedo, Brandon Shin, Jack Rodman, Arthur Olch, Kenneth Wong, Marvin D. Nelson Jr., Jonathan Finlay, Natasha Lepore

Student Publications

Background: Posterior fossa irradiation with or without whole brain irradiation results in high doses of radiation to the thalamus, hippocampus, and putamen, structures critical to cognitive functioning. As a result, children with brain tumors treated with cranial irradiation (CRT) may experience significant cognitive late effects. We sought to determine the effect of radiation to those structures on neuropsychological outcome.

Methods: Forty-seven children with a history of posterior fossa tumor (17 treated with surgery; 11 with surgery and chemotherapy; and 19 with surgery, chemotherapy, and CRT) underwent neuroimaging and neuropsychological assessment at a mean of 4.8 years after treatment, along with …

Future Prospects Of Metabolic And Bariatric Surgery: A Comprehensive Review, Karl Hage, Gerardo Perrotta, Richard S. Betancourt, Jamil Danaf, Aryan Gajjar, Daniel Tomey, Katie Marrero, Omar M. Ghanem

Student Publications

Background: The field of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is currently an expanding surgical field with constant refinements in techniques, outcomes, indications, and objectives. MBS has been effectively applied across diverse patient demographics, including varying ages, genders, body mass indexes, and comorbidity statuses.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature review of published retrospective cohort studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and literature reviews from inception to 2024, reporting outcomes of MBS using databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Springer Link.

Results: MBS is a safe and efficient therapeutic option for patients with obesity and associated medical conditions (mortality rate 0.03-0.2%; complication rates …

Anatomical Considerations For The Use Of The Popliteal Vein As A Potential Alternative For Central Venous Cannulation, Aaron Graves, Charles R. Marchese, Bradley A. Creamer, Jennifer F. Dennis

Student Publications

Limited reports have evaluated the utility of the popliteal vein (PV) specific to cannulation. The objective of this study was to characterize the diameter and length of the PV to evaluate this area as a potential cannulation site. The popliteal region in 23 formalin-embalmed, prosected donors was dissected, and the PV was exposed from the adductor hiatus (AH) superiorly to the small saphenous vein (SSV) inferiorly. The diameter of the popliteal vein was measured at the AH, SSV, and half of the distance from the AH to the SSV (MID) using a brass plumb bob. The length of the PV …

Beaton And Anson Type A Classification Of The Sciatic Nerve And Piriformis Complex: Clinical Considerations For Sex And Laterality, Charles R. Marchese, Aaron Graves, Benjamin J. Pautler, David Dye, Bradley A. Creamer, Jennifer F. Dennis

Student Publications

Variations of the sciatic nerve and piriformis muscle (SN-PM) relationship must be considered when discussing orthopedic procedures within the region as they may cause increased risk of SN injuries. Thirty-one formalin-embalmed, prosected donors were evaluated using the Beaton and Anson (B&A) classification system (1939). Major landmarks of the SN-PM relationship were identified, including the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS), ischial tuberosity (IT), greater trochanter (GT), and the middle of the SN as it exits under the PM (S1). Distances measured included: PSIS-IT, PSIS-GT, IT-GT, PSIS-S1, IT-S1, GT-S1, S1-Q (distance of perpendicular line connecting S1 to PSIS-IT), and S1-R (distance of …

Veterinary Students' Perceptions Toward Incorporating And Expanding Telehealth Service Delivery Knowledge In Curricula And Future Practice: A Cross-Sectional Study, Kylie Watson, Nikhil M. Mardhekar, Utkarsh Pandey, Julia Wells, Karen Gruszynski, Amanda H. Wilkerson, John J. Dascanio, Syed S. Quadri, Jonathan T. Leo, Krishen D. Samuel, Vinayak K. Nahar, Robert E. Davis

Student Publications

Objective: Telehealth is the use of technology to deliver medical services. Potential uses among veterinarians include consulting with specialists about complicated cases, sending in electronic prescriptions, or meeting with clients to discuss patient health. Although the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic posed many challenges to the veterinary profession, it accelerated the adoption of telehealth among veterinarians. As many of these changes took place quickly in response to the pandemic, many of those in practice did not receive much training or guidance; therefore, this study explores veterinary students' perceptions regarding incorporating telehealth into the veterinary curriculum and the utilization of telehealth in …

Sirt1 Ameliorates Lamin A/C Deficiency-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction By Promoting Mitochondrial Bioenergetics, Zunhui Du, Yanting Zhou, Qiheng Li, Yuan Xie, Tingfang Zhu, Jing Qiao, Ruihong Zhang, Yangyang Bao, Lingjie Wang, Yinyin Xie, Jinwei Quan, Menglu Lin, Ning Zhang, Qi Jin, Wenbin Liang, Liqun Wu, Tong Yin, Yucai Xie

Student Publications

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is associated with high mortality despite advanced therapies. The LMNA gene encodes lamin A/C and is the second most frequently mutated gene associated with DCM, for which therapeutic options are limited. Here we generated Lmna–/– mice and found they exhibited cardiac dysfunction at the age of 1 month but not at 2 weeks. Proteomics showed down-regulation of mitochondrial function–related pathways in Lmna–/– hearts. Moreover, early injured mitochondria with decreased cristae density and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) down-regulation were observed in 2-week-old Lmna–/– hearts. Adenoviral overexpression of SIRT1 in lamin A/C knockdown neonatal rat ventricular myocytes …

Loncastuximab Tesirine In The Treatment Of Relapsed Or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Luis Miguel Juárez-Salcedo, Santosh Nimkar, Ana Maria Corazón, Samir Dalia

Student Publications

Currently, a significant percentage of patients with DLBCL are refractory or relapse after a first line of immunochemotherapy. Second relapses after autologous stem cell transplantation or chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies present few treatment options and do not yield good results. New molecules have entered the immunotherapy arsenal. Loncastuximab tesirine comprises a humanized anti-CD19 monoclonal conjugated antibody, which consists of an anti-CD19 antibody and cytotoxic alkylating agent, SG3199. Several studies have proven its efficacy in the treatment of refractory cases of DLBCL with a good safety profile, with the main adverse effects being neutropenia, thrombopenia, and liver enzyme involvement. In …

Spatial Metabolomics Highlights Metabolic Reprogramming In Acute Myeloid Leukemia Mice Through Creatine Pathway, Yucheng Bao, Jing Qiao, Wenjie Gong, Ruihong Zhang, Yanting Zhou, Yinyin Xie, Yuan Xie, Jiuming He, Tong Yin

Student Publications

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is recognized as an aggressive cancer that is characterized by significant metabolic reprogramming. Here, we applied spatial metabolomics to achieve high-throughput, in situ identification of metabolites within the liver metastases of AML mice. Alterations at metabolite and protein levels were further mapped out and validated by integrating untargeted metabolomics and proteomics. This study showed a downregulation in arginine's contribution to polyamine biosynthesis and urea cycle, coupled with an upregulation of the creatine metabolism. The upregulation of creatine synthetases Gatm and Gamt, as well as the creatine transporter Slc6a8, resulted in a marked accumulation of creatine within …

Immune Responses To Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection In The Liver Of Diabetic Mice, Ali Badaoui, Kayvan Sasaninia, Aishvaryaa Shree Mohan, Abrianna Beever, Nala Kachour, Anmol Raien, Afsal Kolloli, Ranjeet Kumar, Santhamani Ramasamy, Selvakumar Subbian, Vishwanath Venketaraman

Student Publications

Individuals with uncontrolled diabetes are highly susceptible to tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection. Novel treatments for TB are needed to address the increased antibiotic resistance and hepatoxicity. Previous studies showed that the administration of liposomal glutathione (L-GSH) can mitigate oxidative stress, bolster a granulomatous response, and diminish the M. tb burden in the lungs of M. tb-infected mice. Nonetheless, the impact of combining L-GSH with conventional TB treatment (RIF) on the cytokine levels and granuloma formation in the livers of diabetic mice remains unexplored. In this study, we evaluated hepatic cytokine profiles, GSH, and tissue pathologies …

A One-Year Relapse Prediction Model For Acute Ischemic Stroke (Ais) Based On Clinical Big Data, Wenle Li, Zhengdong Ding, Liangqun Rong, Xiu'e Wei, Chenyu Sun, Scott Lowe, Muzi Meng, Chan Xu, Chengliang Yin, Haiyan Liu, Wencai Liu, Qian Zhou, Kai Wang

Student Publications

Objective

To develop and evaluate a nomogram prediction model for recurrence of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) within one year.

Method

Patients with AIS treated at the second affiliated hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from August 2017 to July 2019 were enrolled. Clinical data such as demographic data, risk factors, laboratory tests, TOAST etiological types, MRI features, and treatment methods were collected. Cox regression analysis was done to determine the parameters for entering the nomogram model. The performance of the model was estimated by receiver operating characteristic curves, decision curve analysis, calibration curves, and C-index.

Result

A total of 645 patients …

Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Receptor (Upar) In Inflammation And Disease: A Unique Inflammatory Pathway Activator, Mostafa Hamada, Kyle S. Varkoly, Omer Riyadh, Roxana N. Beladi, Ganesh Munuswamy-Ramanujam, Alan Rawls, Jeanne Wilson-Rawls, Hao Chen, Grant Mcfadden, Alexandra R. Lucas

Student Publications

The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is a unique protease binding receptor, now recognized as a key regulator of inflammation. Initially, uPA/uPAR was considered thrombolytic (clot-dissolving); however, recent studies have demonstrated its predominant immunomodulatory functions in inflammation and cancer. The uPA/uPAR complex has a multifaceted central role in both normal physiological and also pathological responses. uPAR is expressed as a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked receptor interacting with vitronectin, integrins, G protein-coupled receptors, and growth factor receptors within a large lipid raft. Through protein-to-protein interactions, cell surface uPAR modulates intracellular signaling, altering cellular adhesion and migration. The uPA/uPAR also modifies extracellular activity, activating …

The Impact Of Historical Redlining On Neurosurgeon Distribution And Reimbursement In Modern Neighborhoods, Jean-Luc K. Kabangu, John Dugan, Benson Joseph, Amanda Hernandez, Takara R. Newsome-Cuby, Danny Fowler, Momodou G. Bah, Lane Fry, Sonia V. Eden

Student Publications

Background: This study examines the lasting impact of historical redlining on contemporary neurosurgical care access, highlighting the need for equitable healthcare in historically marginalized communities.

Objective: To investigate how redlining affects neurosurgeon distribution and reimbursement in U.S. neighborhoods, analyzing implications for healthcare access.

Methods: An observational study was conducted using data from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) National File, Home Owner’s Loan Corporation (HOLC) neighborhood grades, and demographic data to evaluate neurosurgical representation across 91 U.S. cities, categorized by HOLC Grades (A, B, C, D) and gentrification status.

Results: Of the 257 neighborhoods, Grade A, B, C, …

Cinnamaldehyde Protects Against P. Gingivalis Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction In Iec-6 Cells Via The Pi3k/Akt-Mediated No/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway, Chethan Sampath, Sasanka S. Chukkapalli, Abhinav V. Raju, Leela Subhashini C. Alluri, Dollada Srisai, Pandu R. Gangula

Student Publications

Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a Gram-negative oral pathogen, promotes and accelerates periodontitis-associated gut disorders. Intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction is crucial in the pathogenesis of intestinal and systemic diseases. In this study, we sought to elucidate the protective role of cinnamaldehyde (CNM, an activator of Nrf2) against P. gingivalis (W83) and Pg-derived lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction via antioxidative mechanisms in IEC-6 cells. IEC-6 (ATCC, CRL-1592) cells were pretreated with or without CNM (100 µM), in the presence or absence of P. gingivalis (strain W83, 109 MOI) or Pg-LPS (1, 10, and 100 µg/mL), …

Diagnosis And Current Treatment Strategies For Adult And Juvenile Hereditary Hemochromatosis, Tori Tyler, Amber Wiggins-Mcdaniel, Staton Mcbroom, Caroline Parry, Robert Tyler, Robert A. White

Student Publications

Hemochromatosis is a common genetic disorder manifesting as an iron overload state requiring complex processes in diagnosis, treatment, and management of both adult, and pediatric, populations. This review outlines general diagnostic and treatment strategies for hemochromatosis detailing fundamental processes in iron excess, or iron overload, through physiologic function and associated pathological effects. Genetic mutations, as ascribed to hemochromatosis, have significant impact in producing pathophysiology. Understanding basic pathophysiological mechanisms can inform future diagnosis and treatment through advances such as erythrocytophoresis. Linking concepts related to the diagnosis, treatment, and management of adult and juvenile hereditary hemochromatosis with scientific advances may enlighten clinical …

Misinformation Persists In Complementary Health: Evaluating The Reliability And Quality Of Youtube-Based Information On The Use Of Acupuncture For Chronic Pain, Majesty Greer, Sai Kamma, Henry Tran, Bright Etumuse, Jay D. Shah, Youshaa El-Abed, Jane O. Onyemachi, Nasir Hussain, Thomas P. Pittelkow

Student Publications

Introduction: Acupuncture is commonly used to treat chronic pain. Patients often access public social media platforms for healthcare information when querying acupuncture. Our study aims to appraise the utility, accuracy, and quality of information available on YouTube, a popular social media platform, on acupuncture for chronic pain treatment.
Methods: Using search terms such as “acupuncture for chronic pain” and “acupuncture pain relief”, the top 54 videos by view count were selected. Included videos were > 1 minute duration, contained audio in English, had > 7000 views, and was related to acupuncture. One primary outcome of interest was categorizing each video’s usefulness as …

The Relationship Between Immune-Related Adverse Events During Ipilimumab Monotherapy And Survival Outcomes Among Melanoma Patients: A Systematic Review, Jason Sheng, Manav Nayeni, Monali Malvankar

Student Publications

Background: Ipilimumab disinhibits immune system activity which results in the elimination of malignant cells. An unintended consequence of ipilimumab therapy is off-target immune-related adverse events (irAEs). It has therefore been proposed that the incidence of irAEs is a manifestation of treatment effectiveness. The objective of this systematic review is to examine the relationship between irAEs and survivability among melanoma patients administered ipilimumab monotherapy.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across several databases which yielded a total of 2381 studies. Clinical trials and prospective studies administering ipilimumab monotherapy to melanoma patients were included. Furthermore, there was no restriction placed on publication …

Battle Of The Sections: Student Outcomes And Course Feedback Support Combined Prosection And Dissection Laboratory Formats To Maximize Student Success, Charles Coker, Robert S. Rogers, Blair Freed, Robert Steele, Monica Kinde, Galina Danilova, Schoen Kruse, Jennifer F. Dennis

Student Publications

Gross anatomy laboratories frequently utilize dissection or prosection formats within medical curricula. Practical examination scores are consistent across the formats, yet these examinations assessed larger anatomical structures. In contrast, a single report noted improved scores when prosection was used in the hand and foot regions, areas that are more difficult to dissect. The incorporation of prosected donors within "Head and Neck" laboratories provided an opportunity to further characterize the impact of prosection in a structurally complex area. Retrospective analysis of 21 Head and Neck practical examination questions was completed to compare scores among cohorts that utilized dissection exclusively or incorporated …

A Latter-Day Disease: Mormons And Cholera In The Nineteenth Century, Alexandra L. Wein

Student Publications

Nineteenth-century America saw the emergence of two seemingly parallel entities - the epidemic disease of cholera and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, better known as the Mormon faith. To understand the intersection of Mormons and cholera, one must look within the interdisciplinary framework of Civil War-era history, religion, and epidemiology. Cholera epidemics in 1832 and 1849 coincided with the mass Mormon migration west, causing great suffering and death for Mormons traveling by land and sea. While their westward exodus exposed them to cholera, their religious teachings also contributed to why they contracted the disease. The Word of …

The Effects Of Phenological Shifts On The Reproductive Success Of Common Terns (Sterna Hirundo) And Arctic Terns (Sterna Paradisaea) In The Gulf Of Maine, Jamie W. Dinella

Student Publications

Climate change is resulting in ecosystem-wide consequences, including shifts in the geographical distribution of species and the timing of biological events, or phenology. The rapidly warming Gulf of Maine hosts breeding populations of migratory common terns (Sterna hirundo) and Arctic terns (Sterna paradisaea). I used nest check data (2013-2022) and eggshell membrane stable isotope data (2022) from Petit Manan Island in the Gulf of Maine to examine the causes and consequences of variation in phenology in common and Arctic terns. I hypothesized that the timing of an individual’s breeding was impacted by their foraging behavior and that female terns that …

Marie Curie: The Quantum Matriarch, Diptiman Das

Student Publications

Entitled “Marie Curie: The Quantum Matriarch,” this paper illuminates the extraordinary life and enduring legacy of Marie Curie, whose groundbreaking work in radioactivity revolutionized the scientific landscape. Born as Maria Skłodowska in the heart of Warsaw, Curie’s odyssey from Poland’s clandestine Flying University to the hallowed halls of Paris’ Sorbonne epitomizes her tenacious quest for enlightenment amidst the shackles of societal norms. In collaboration with her spouse, Pierre Curie, she discovered the elements polonium and radium, thereby introducing the concept of “radioactivity” to the world and securing Nobel accolades in both Physics and Chemistry. This paper ventures into her intimate …

Digital Frontiers In Aesthetics: Applying Dewey's Insights To Generative Ai, Malcolm F. Lathrop-Allen

Student Publications

The last few years have seen the emergence of ‘artificially intelligent’ systems en masse, which perform tasks which had previously only been possible by human intelligence. Arguably, the impact of ‘AI 2.0’ has been felt most prominently in the art world — artists have panicked as DALL-E, Midjourney, and other image generation algorithms manufacture pieces which previously required weeks of painstaking labor to create. This project seeks to develop a more critical framework for this novel mode of artistic creation and propose better ways of thinking about, using, and “becoming with” artificial intelligence in the domain of artistry. The first …

Bringing Back Stories: Indigenous Peoples And Gettysburg College, Juliana L. Swanson

Student Publications

History and storytelling are beautifully intertwined—every country, culture, community, and person has a tale of creation, conflict, and prosperity. The tragedy of stories, however, is that many things may never be recorded, may be lost in archives and memories, and may never be revisited again. Beginning August 2023, I’ve conducted archival research which centers around the connection and intersectionality between Indigenous peoples and Gettysburg College. My initial research project expanded and has cultivated into a story-telling presentation of the history of Native Americans in the United States, termination of federal recognition of tribal nations, the creation of the National Indian …

Quantum Realities: A Comparative Analysis Of Interpretations Addressing The Measurement Problem In Quantum Mechanics, Adib Kabir

Student Publications

This paper examines the measurement problem in quantum mechanics and evaluates three major interpretations: the Copenhagen interpretation, the Many-Worlds Interpretation (MWI), and the Pilot-Wave theory. The Copenhagen interpretation posits that particles exist in superposition until measured, at which point their wave functions collapse. MWI suggests that all possible outcomes occur in separate, non-interacting branches of the universe, eliminating wave function collapse but introducing an infinite number of unobservable universes. The Pilot-Wave theory reintroduces determinism through hidden variables, guiding particles along definite paths. The paper concludes that the Copenhagen interpretation is the most plausible, balancing empirical adequacy, ontological clarity, and simplicity.

Integrative Effects Of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation On Esophageal Motility And Pharyngeal Symptoms Via Vagal Mechanisms In Patients With Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease, Yizhou Huang, Jie Liu, Chaolan Ev, Chenyu Sun, Muzi Meng, Scott Lowe, Yue Yu

Student Publications

Background and aim: Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is primarily characterized by discomfort in the pharynx and has limited treatment options. This research aimed to assess the efficacy of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) in patients with LPRD and delve into the potential underlying mechanisms.

Methods: A total of 44 participants, diagnosed with LPRD were divided into two groups randomly. Twice-daily stimulation was delivered for 2 weeks for patients in experimental group, with stimulation ranging from 1.0 mA to 1.5 mA (n = 22), while the control group underwent sham tVNS (n = 22) with the same stimulation …

A Cadaveric Study Of The Deep And Superficial Dorsal Veins For Penile Transplant, Sirai Ramirez, Nawsin Baset, Andrew Brevik, Nathaniel Ballek, Alyssa Kendell, Ryan Schiller, Anthony Olinger

Student Publications

Objective: It is crucial to know the lengths of the neurovasculature proximal to a penile allograft to allow for better viability of a penile transplant. We performed a cadaveric exploration focused on the deep and superficial dorsal veins as identified in a microsurgical dissection of the penis to help expand the anatomical knowledge for such a procedure.

Methods: We examined 18 cadavers and measured the (1) vertical distance from the pubic symphysis to the point at which the superficial dorsal vein is no longer on the erectile tissue; (2) point at which the superficial dorsal vein is no …