Digital Commons Network^™

Western Kentucky University Stormwater Utility Survey 2024, Warren Campbell

SEAS Faculty Publications

The main goal of this survey is to identify as many U.S. Stormwater Utilities (SWUs) as possible. Because many stormwater professionals do not have the time to respond to questionnaires, our primary method of identification was Internet searches. We searched key terms such as “stormwater utility,” “stormwater fee,” and “drainage fee.” We scoured online municipal codes such as Municode, AmLegal, Sterling, LexisNexis, General Code, and others. We searched through many city web websites to find utilities. We have also had many people contact me to update fees and identify new utilities. However, the data primarily comes from Internet sources and …

Dice Are Blessed Or Cursed, Warren Campbell, Cameron Miller

SEAS Faculty Publications

Dice are cursed or blessed; that is, they roll low or high, but they are never fair. They cannot be manufactured with uniform density and geometric precision. This is particularly true of 20-sided dice or D20s. Faces are smaller than 6-sided dice, and manufacturing tolerances are similar. However, some dice are fairer than others. In our studies of plastic-mold dice about 1 in 4 test fair in 3000 rolls. We have used different statistical tests, including chi-square, modified Kolmogorov Smirnov, and double binomial tests. Of these, the method that consistently performed better is the chi-square goodness of fit test. The …

Dice: Blessed Or Cursed?, Warren Campbell, Cameron Miller, Xavier Simpson

SEAS Faculty Publications

Every year, hundreds of millions of dice are manufactured and sold. Because of the impossibility of precise dimensional control and nonuniform density, none of these dice are fair. Polyhedral dice manufactured for role-playing games like Dungeons and Dragons typically contain 4-sided, 6-sided, 8-sided, 10-sided, 12-sided, and 20-sided dice (D4, D6, D8, D10, D12, and D20). D20s are especially problematic. In 3000-roll tests of several D20s, only about one-quarter tested fair. In light of the inherent unfairness of most dice, we explored the possibility of using dice mechanics involving multiple dice to obtain fairer results. For D20s, summing three dice gave …

Western Kentucky University Stormwater Utility Survey 2023, Warren Campbell, Emily G. Davis

SEAS Faculty Publications

The main goal of this survey is to identify as many U.S. Stormwater Utilities (SWUs) as possible. Because many stormwater professionals do not have the time to respond to questionnaires, our primary method of identification was Internet searches. We searched key terms such as “stormwater utility”, “stormwater fee”, and “drainage fee”. We scoured online municipal codes such as Municode, AmLegal, Sterling, LexisNexis, General Code, and others. We searched through many city web websitesing to find utilities. We have also had many people contact me to update fees and identify new utilities. However, the data primarily comes from Internet sources and …

Dice Testing With The Running Chi-Square Distribution, Warren Campbell, Hunter Wimsatt

SEAS Faculty Publications

Dice are not fair. Producing a geometrically precise, uniform die is not possible. Casino dice come as close as possible to perfectly random dice because they are machined to an accuracy of a few ten-thousandths of an inch and the putty used for the pips (dots) is the same density as the plastic die body. Polyhedral dice used in games like Dungeons and Dragons are far more difficult to manufacture to high tolerances. Some dice are fairer than others. Since 20-sided dice (D20s) are very difficult to manufacture precisely, they were the focus of this study. The running chi-square distribution …

Western Kentucky University Stormwater Utility Survey 2022, Warren Campbell

SEAS Faculty Publications

The main goal of this survey is to identify as many U.S. Stormwater Utilities (SWUs) as possible. Because many stormwater professionals do not have the time to respond to questionnaires, our primary method of identification was Internet searches. We searched on key terms such as “stormwater utility”, “stormwater fee”, and “drainage fee”. We scoured on-line municipal codes such as Municode, AmLegal, Sterling, LexisNexis, General Code, and others. We searched through many city web sites trying to find utilities. We have also had many people contact me to update fees and identify new utilities. However, the data primarily comes from Internet …

Western Kentucky University Stormwater Utility Survey 2021, Warren Campbell, Jerry Bradshaw

SEAS Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Using Machine Learning To Interpret Dice Rolls, Hunter Wimsatt, Aarohi Panzade, Kaaustaaub Shankar, Warren Campbell

SEAS Faculty Publications

Gamers use polyhedral dice that come with 4 sides (D4), 6 sides (D6), 8 sides (D8), 10 sides (D10), 12 sides (D12) and 20 sides (D20). All dice are unfair, some more than others. The goal of this project was to develop a machine learning and computer vision solution for the interpretation of dice rolls. When combined with an automated dice roller it would facilitate the study of dice unfairness. In the machine learning literature, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are the preferred method of computer classification of images. The CNN convolves images with different weights and biases through multiple layers …

Western Kentucky University Stormwater Utility Survey 2020, Warren Campbell

SEAS Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Dice Questions Answered, Warren Campbell, William P. Dolan

SEAS Faculty Publications

Superstitious discussion of fair and unfair dice has pervaded the tabletop gaming industry since its inception. Many of these are not based on any quantitative data or studies. Consequently, misconceptions have been spread widely. One dice float test video on Youtube currently has 925,000 views (Fisher, 2015a). To combat the flood of misconceptions we investigated the following questions: 1) Are dice cursed? 2) Are D20s (20-sided dice) less fair than D6s (6-sided dice)? 3) Do float tests tell anything about the fairness of dice? 4) Are some dice systems inherently fairer than others? 5) Are density differences or dimensions more …

Western Kentucky University Stormwater Utility Survey 2019, C. Warren Campbell

SEAS Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Curricula Of Atmae Accredited University Programs: Building A Composite, Mark Doggett

SEAS Faculty Publications

The 2017 ATMAE Accreditation Handbook Standard 5 states that each baccalaureate program/ option should meet minimum-maximum semester hour requirements in the foundational areas of general education, mathematics, physical (or life) sciences, management, technical, and electives. The specific credit hours required for each category has a specified range. This study attempted to answer the question of what courses typical ATMAE accredited university programs most frequently require. ATMAE accredits four-year manufacturing, industrial, construction, and information technology programs. To what extent are these accredited programs similar in content? Is there a representative convention of content for university courses?

The objectives of the research …

Perceptions Of The Advanced Manufacturing Competency Model (Amcm) For Curriculum Development, Mark Doggett, Muhammad Jahan

SEAS Faculty Publications

The Advanced Manufacturing Competency Model (AMCM) model emphasizes building of competencies at all levels ranging from the shop floor production worker to manufacturing engineers. It consists of different levels of competencies organized hierarchically. The levels are personal effectiveness, academic, workplace, industry-wide technical, industry-sector technical, management and organization-specific competencies.

This paper discusses survey research on the perceptions of manufacturing students, faculty, and industry advisory board members regarding the AMCM. The research evaluated the manufacturing program based on perceptions of the AMCM competencies and the curricular coverage required for entry-level manufacturing professionals. Specifically, the survey sought to answer the following research questions: …

A Study On The Students' Perceptions Of The Applicability Of Lean Principles At Universities, Muhammad Jahan, Mark Doggett

SEAS Faculty Publications

Lean principles are well-established business management strategies, which are applied extensively in manufacturing and production industries to continuously improve value by reducing wastes. This paper investigated the applicability of lean principles at universities using the perceptions of undergraduate students at a higher education institution. The perceptions of the students were collected over a period of two years as a part of class assignments and discussions for a Lean Manufacturing class. The students’ opinions and comments concerned broad areas of stability, standardization, jidoka, just-in-time, employee involvement and customer focus. The majority of the students focused on the various categories of waste …

Manufacturing And Non-Manufacturing Students' Perceptions On The Applicability Of The Four Pillars, Muhammad Jahan, Mark Doggett

SEAS Faculty Publications

The Four Pillars of Manufacturing Engineering was developed and supported by the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), the Association of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering, (ATMAE), and the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). A group of manufacturing educators created it in 2011 as part of a strategic plan to reverse negative trends in manufacturing education and improve manufacturing competitiveness (Mott, Raju, & Stratton). The Four Pillars consist of foundational knowledge areas that represent a typical Manufacturing Engineer’s Body of Knowledge. In addition, it provides the recommended content for academic programs related to manufacturing and articulates the fundamental knowledge …

Perceptions Of Manufacturing Management Knowledge And The Four Pillars Topical Track: Manufacturing, Mark Doggett, Muhammad Jahan

SEAS Faculty Publications

In June 2011, a group of manufacturing educators in cooperation with the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME) developed Curriculum 2015, a four-year strategic plan to reverse negative trends in manufacturing education and improve manufacturing competitiveness. Within this effort, the Four Pillars of Manufacturing Engineering were formally introduced and supported by the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), the Association of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering, (ATMAE), and the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). The Four Pillars consist of foundational areas that represent the SME Certified Manufacturing Engineer Body of Knowledge. It embodies the fundamental knowledge practiced by manufacturing professionals …

Technology Management Competencies, Mark Doggett, Pam Mcgee, Sophia Scott

SEAS Faculty Publications

In order to meet the increasing expectations of industry, technology management programs combine the application of technical skills with management competencies. The aim of the Association of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering (ATMAE) is to develop professionals committed to solving complex technological problems, while advancing the technologist and applied engineering workforce. However, there is a wide variability of perceptions regarding the technologist and the technology manager. Clarity concerning the required competencies for an entry- level technology manager is essential. In order for technology management programs to be relevant, their competencies must be acknowledged and agreed upon. In addition, these technology …

Perceptions And Rankings Of Technology Management Competencies, Mark Doggett, Pam Mcgee, Sophia Scott

SEAS Faculty Publications

According to Thamhain (2005) the “Management of technology is the art and science of creating value by using technology together with other resources of an organization” (p. 6). A technology manager should have some minimum level of technical knowledge, applied abilities in systems design, application, products or processes, and skills in one or more contextual areas (ITEA, 2000/2002). Technology managers must have certain competencies that are agreed-upon or measurable, preferably both. At the university level, technology management programs are distinctly different from engineering or engineering technology programs (i.e., mechanical, electrical, civil, etc.). A required management curriculum is what distinguishes ATMAE …

Creating A State-Wide Transfer Program For Engineering Technology And Technology Management Studies, Gregory Arbuckle, Mark Doggett

SEAS Faculty Publications

The primary purpose of the Western Kentucky Pipeline for 2+2+2 Engineering Technology and Technology Management (ET/TM) students program is to significantly increase degree production and workforce preparation in central and western Kentucky through the construction of a long-term sustainable, reproducible model bridging program of cooperation between Western Kentucky University (WKU), Murray State University (MSU) and the Kentucky Community and Technical College System (KCTCS). The program will significantly increase industrial and technology education opportunities, technology enrollment and two and four-year degree completion. Additionally, this project supports the Kentucky Council on Postsecondary Education’s (CPE) goal to double the overall number of undergraduate …

Toward A Technology Management Core: Defining What The Technology Manager Needs To Know, Mark Doggett, Pam Mcgee, Sophia Scott

SEAS Faculty Publications

With the increasing demands on organizations to do “more with less,” and produce acceptable market results, productivity and performance standards continually raise the expectations on competitive success. To meet these expectations, organizations should create learning opportunities that combine the application of technical management skills along with the softer skills involved in people management. Technical managers with little training or past experience with nontechnical skills often perform poorly in technical management positions (Kroecker, 2007). Because this generation lives in a highly technical environment, managers need to be proficient in dealing with knowledge workers and systems; therefore, there is a growing emphasis …