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Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake Among Teens Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic In The United States, Dina K. Abouelella, Julia E. Canick, Justin M. Barnes, Rebecca L. Rohde, Tammara L. Watts, Eric Adjei Boakye, Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters

Public Health Sciences Articles

It is unclear how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake and which sociodemographic groups may have been most impacted. We aimed to assess differences in HPV vaccine uptake (initiation and completion) before and during the pandemic in the United States. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2019 to 2020 National Immunization Surveys - Teen (NIS-Teen), comparing vaccine initiation and completion rates in 2019 vs. 2020, based on confirmed reports by a healthcare provider. Weighted logistic regression analysis estimated odds of vaccine initiation and completion for both adolescent and parental characteristics. There were 18,788 adolescents …

Associations Of Neighborhood Opportunity And Social Vulnerability With Trajectories Of Childhood Body Mass Index And Obesity Among Us Children, Izzuddin M. Aris, Wei Perng, Dana Dabelea, Amy M. Padula, Akram Alshawabkeh, Carmen M. Vélez-Vega, Judy L. Aschner, Carlos A. Camargo, Tamara J. Sussman, Anne L. Dunlop, Amy J. Elliott, Assiamira Ferrara, Yeyi Zhu, Christine L. M Joseph, Anne Marie Singh, Tina Hartert, Ferdinand Cacho, Margaret R. Karagas, Tiffany North-Reid, Barry M. Lester, Nichole R. Kelly, Jody M. Ganiban, Su H. Chu, Thomas G. O'Connor, Rebecca C. Fry, Gwendolyn Norman, Leonardo Trasande, Bibiana Restrepo, Peter James, Emily Oken

Public Health Sciences Articles

IMPORTANCE: Physical and social neighborhood attributes may have implications for children's growth and development patterns. The extent to which these attributes are associated with body mass index (BMI) trajectories and obesity risk from childhood to adolescence remains understudied.

OBJECTIVE: To examine associations of neighborhood-level measures of opportunity and social vulnerability with trajectories of BMI and obesity risk from birth to adolescence.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study used data from 54 cohorts (20 677 children) participating in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program from January 1, 1995, to January 1, 2022. Participant inclusion required at least …

Trends In Diet Quality By Race/Ethnicity Among Adults In The United States For 2011-2018, Meng-Hua Tao, Jia-Liang Liu, Uyen-Sa D. T Nguyen

Public Health Sciences Articles

This study aimed to investigate time trends in diet quality and the consumption of major food groups and nutrients by race/ethnicity among adults in the United States. Dietary data from 19,192 adults aged ≥ 20 years from four National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) cycles (2011-2018) were included. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 scores (range: 0-100; higher scores indicate better diet quality) and dietary consumption of food groups and nutrients were estimated for each cycle. Linear regression was used to test trends. For the overall population, the estimated overall HEI-2015 scores significantly decreased (p for trend = 0.011). However, …

Global Learning For Health Equity: A Literature Review, Yolanda Ogbolu, Ruth Dudding, Kevin Fiori, Janette North-Kabore, Dana Parke, Rev Alexander Plum, Sonya Shin, Virginia Rowthorn

Public Health Sciences Articles

BACKGROUND: In high income countries struggling with escalating health care costs and persistent lack of equity, there is growing interest in searching for innovative solutions developed outside national borders, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Engaging with global ideas to apply them to local health equity challenges is becoming increasingly recognized as an approach to shift the health equity landscape in the United States (US) in a significant way. No single name or set of practices yet defines the process of identifying LMIC interventions for adaptation; implementing interventions in high-income countries (HIC) settings; or evaluating the implementation of such …

Sars-Cov-Ate Risk Assessment Model For Arterial Thromboembolism In Covid-19, Pin Li, Yi Lee, Qasim Jehangir, Chun-Hui Lin, Geetha Krishnamoorthy, Anupam A. Sule, Abdul R. Halabi, Kiritkumar Patel, Laila M. Poisson, Girish B. Nair

Public Health Sciences Articles

Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are at an increased risk of cardiovascular and thrombotic complications conferring an extremely poor prognosis. COVID-19 infection is known to be an independent risk factor for acute ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction (MI). We developed a risk assessment model (RAM) to stratify hospitalized COVID-19 patients for arterial thromboembolism (ATE). This multicenter, retrospective study included adult COVID-19 patients admitted between 3/1/2020 and 9/5/2021. Among 3531 patients from the training cohort, 15.5% developed acute in-hospital ATE, including stroke, MI, and other ATE, compared to 13.4% in the validation cohort. The 16-item final score was named SARS-COV-ATE (Sex: male …

Venous Thromboembolism In Covid-19 Patients And Prediction Model: A Multicenter Cohort Study, Yi Lee, Qasim Jehangir, Pin Li, Deepthi Gudimella, Pooja Mahale, Chun-Hui Lin, Dinesh R. Apala, Geetha Krishnamoorthy, Abdul R. Halabi, Kiritkumar Patel, Laila M. Poisson, Venugopal Balijepally, Anupam A. Sule, Girish B. Nair

Public Health Sciences Articles

BACKGROUND: Patients with COVID-19 infection are commonly reported to have an increased risk of venous thrombosis. The choice of anti-thrombotic agents and doses are currently being studied in randomized controlled trials and retrospective studies. There exists a need for individualized risk stratification of venous thromboembolism (VTE) to assist clinicians in decision-making on anticoagulation. We sought to identify the risk factors of VTE in COVID-19 patients, which could help physicians in the prevention, early identification, and management of VTE in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and improve clinical outcomes in these patients.

METHOD: This is a multicenter, retrospective database of four main health …

Measuring Case Severity: A Novel Tool For Benchmarking And Clinical Documentation Improvement, Jie Xiang, Paul W. Durance, Louisa C. Griffes, Yalei Chen, Rishi R. Bakshi

Public Health Sciences Articles

BACKGROUND: Severity of illness (SOI) is an All Patients Refined Diagnosis Related Groups (APR DRG) modifier based on comorbidity capture. Tracking SOI helps hospitals improve performance and resource distribution. Furthermore, benchmarking SOI plays a key role in Quality Improvement (QI) efforts such as Clinical Documentation Improvement (CDI) programs. The current SOI system highly relies on the 3 M APR DRG grouper that is updated annually, making it difficult to track severity longitudinally and benchmark against hospitals with different patient populations. Here, we describe an alternative SOI scoring system that is grouper-independent and that can be tracked longitudinally.

METHODS: Admission data …