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An Experiment To Determine The Influence Of Certain Factors Of Learning During Class Period In College, E. O. Finkenbinder

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Two sections each of forty students in Psychology were given placement tests, a psychological content pre-test of five hundred fifty questions, and this repeated at the end of six weeks after covering the content in readings and class discussion.

Title Page - Front Matter

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

A New Species Of Actinomyces Pathogenic In Man, C. H. Werkman, Roger Patrick

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The organism which proved fatal to a boy of 14 was isolated under the direction of Dr. John Gammel of the Lakeside Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, from a lesion measuring approximately 9 by 13 cm. located on the back. This large granulomatous process persisted for months; the central portion was ulcerated and freely exuded a tenacious, mucopurulent, sometimes blood streaked discharge. In the periphery there were several open and closed sinuses. Two biopsies revealed no actinomycotic granules although the organism was observed in sections of the granulomatous tissue. No granules were present in the morning discharge after washing with saline solution. …

A Boreal Moss Community, Henry S. Conard

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

It would be interesting to present as vivid a picture as possible of the vegetation of the Taxus Hillside in Pine Hollow, and let the reader guess where such a place must be. It is in the northwestern corner of Dubuque County, Iowa. Pine Hollow is a winding canyon, cut about three hundred feet below the tops of the surrounding hills.

Germination Studies Of Woody Plants, With Notes On Some Buried Seeds, C. M. King

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Several contributions on seedlings have been presented to the Academy, by Dr. Pammel and Miss King. The present paper continues the series, with descriptions and drawings of a number of species of "woody plants." Some of the seeds used were collected by Dr. Pammel in the southwest in 1931. Some seedlings of ornamentals were furnished through courtesy of Professor Maney and Mr. Stoutemeyer. Other seeds were obtained from diverse sources.

Iowa Plant Notes, V, R. I. Cratty

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In a number of former papers the writer presented notes on new or otherwise noteworthy native and introduced plants of the Iowa flora, and he desires at this time to offer the 5th paper of the series, which concerns the following plants.

Correlation Of Shape Of Fruits, Cotyledons And Seeds In Melons, Leslie M. Weetman

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The following is a brief report of a statistical study of the relationship between shape of cotyledons, shape of fruits, and shape of seeds in melons and citrons. The ratio of width to length was used as an index of shape.

Cross Inoculation Between The Root Nodule Bacteria Of Soybeans And Cowpeas, D. A. Anderson, R. H. Walker

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

It has been quite generally accepted for a long time that the root nodule bacteria from soybeans would not produce nodules on cowpeas, and that the bacteria from cowpea nodules would not produce nodules on soybeans. This conception has been supported by numerous cross-inoculation tests and field experiments, and as a result the organisms have been placed in different cross-inoculation groups and even into different species. 19. Comparative dissimilation-The dissimilative action of Escherichia coli, Citrobacter anindolicum and various organisms of the intermediate groups on xylose and on dextrose was studied under comparable conditions with the aim of postulating a mechanism …

Comparative Dissimilation Of Xylose And Glucose By Escherichia Coli And Citrobacter Anindolicum, O. L. Osburn, C. H. Werkman

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The dissimilative action of Escherichia coli, Citrobacter anindolicum and various organisms of the intermediate groups on xylose and on dextrose was studied under comparable conditions with the aim of postulating a mechanism of the breakdown of the xylose molecule.

It was found in many cases that there were significant differences in the ratios of the end products obtained from the two sugars. The products found were H₂, CO₂, formic, acetic, lactic, and succinic acids, and ethyl alcohol. Acetaldehyde could be isolated by means of sodium bisulphite during the fermentative process.

The Somatic Chromosomes Of Eight Species Of The Orchidaceae, L. M. Humphrey

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

A study of the somatic chromosomes of eight species of the Orchidaceae native to Minnesota was undertaken in 1931. Root tips were used, and were run into paraffin and stained with gentian violet. The diploid numbers were found to be as follows: Cypripedium acaule 20, C. pubescens 20, C. candidum 20, Calypsa bulbosa 32, Orchis spectabilis 42, Orchis rotundifolia 42, Habenaria bractiata 42, and Habenaria orbiculata 42. Sharp morphological differences were noted. The chromosomes of the cypripediums were very large measuring from 7-10 microns long, and from one to nearly two microns in diameter. Those of the other genera were …

Action Of Solvents On Steffen's Waste Water From The Manufacture Of Beet Sugar, Edward Bartow, E. C. Little

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The Steffen's process for the recovery of sugar from beet molasses consists of a cold and a hot precipitation. The molasses has a specific gravity of about 1.3 and a sucrose content of approximately 50 per cent. It is diluted with water until it has a specific gravity of about 1.05, and contains 5 to 6 per cent of sucrose. To this solution cooled to 15°C, powdered lime is added, with agitation, in the proportion of one part calcium oxide to one part sucrose. In the cold precipitation process, insoluble tri-calcium saccharate is precipitated.

Iowa Field Notes On Reproduction Of Canada Thistle (Cirsium Arvense), Ada Hayden

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

There is a legend that Canada thistle docs not reproduce viable seed in southern Iowa. There exists diversity of recorded statement as to whether the root or the stem is responsible for the vegetative spreading of this plant. The deep-penetrating and horizontally growing root of Canada thistle appears, if judged by structure and behavior, to be organized for extension of its area of occupation, for water and nutrient absorption, as well as for food storage. It bears numerous upward-growing, stem-producing buds whose photosynthetic activity maintain its supply of carbohydrate food. The plant seeds throughout Iowa wherever male and female plants …

Mineral Analysis Of Steffen's Waste From The Manufacture Of Beet Sugar, Edward Bartow, H. M. Benninghoff

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The beet molasses or mother liquor from the crystallization of sugar in the beet sugar industry contains considerable sucrose due to the presence of non-sugars which affect the solubility. It has been shown that the presence of these non-sugars tends to hold more sucrose in solution than if the solution were sugar only. The separation of this residual dissolved sucrose is accomplished by the addition of lime. The insoluble precipitate, tri-calcium saccharate 3CaO.C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁.4H₂O is removed by filtration and converted into sugar by treatment with water and carbon dioxide and subsequent concentration. The …

Disposal Of Wastes From The Beet Sugar Industry, Edward Bartow

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The wastes from beet sugar manufacture include (1) beet washing water, (2) diffusion water, (3) lime sludge, (4) Steffens waste. The extracted beet pulp which might be considered a waste is dried and fed to cattle. The beet wash water can be recirculated and the sand, mud, etc., removed. The diffusion water may be treated with lime and disposed of on sand filters. The lime sludge may be settled and the precipitate used as anti-acid on land. The Steffens waste which amounts to approximately 2l0,000 gallons for 1,000 tons of beets is the most concentrated and most difficult to handle.

The Solubilities And The Activity Coefficients Of The Three Nitroanilines In Aqueous Solutions Of Typical Salts At 85°, J. N. Pearce, L. J. Garwood

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The solubilities of the three nitroanilines in water and in solutions of sodium chloride, barium chloride, potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate have been determined at 25°. The method involved the reduction and the determination of the excess titanous chloride by titration with a standard solution of ferric alum.

The Reaction Of Chloroamines With Zinc Alkyls, George H. Coleman, Hans P. Andersen

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The reaction of zinc ethyl has been studied with two monochloroamines and six dichloroamines in diethyl ether solution and in petroleum ether solution. The following yields illustrate the results obtained with dichloroamines in the two solvents. With i-amyldichloroamine in ether solution a 16 percent yield of i-amylethylamine was formed while in petroleum ether a 42 percent yield of this compound was obtained. There was no evidence of the formation of tertiary amines with any of the dichloroamines used. With the monochloroamines of the type R₂NCl the yields of tertiary amines were very small.

Furan Arsenicals, Henry Gilman, Willard H. Kirkpatrick

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Furan arsenicals can be prepared by the interaction of furan mercurials and arsenic chloride. The reaction is capable of extensive application because of the availability of a miscellany of furan mercurials having the murcuri group both in the alpha- and beta positions. Another method involves the interaction of recently accessible furan Grignard reagents with arsenic halides.

The Strengths Of Phenolic Ketimines And Their Methyl Ethers As Bases, J. B. Culbertson, Paul Bieber, Adolph Zavodsky

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The ionization constants of the monohydroxy-diphenyl ketimines and their methyl ethers are calculated from measurements of the hydrogen ion concentration of aqueous solutions of their hydrochlorides through the use of the quinhydrone electrode. This data has been collected as a part of the information expected to throw light on the varied stability toward hydrolysis shown by different ketimines.

The Cedar Valley Limestone At Glory And At Waterloo, Iowa, L. W. Wood

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Recent quarry operations at Glory (N. E. ¼ Sec. 36 Spring Creek Twp., Black Hawk County, about 6 miles east of La Porte City) and in the north part of Waterloo (N. W. ¼ N. W. ¼ Sec. 14 East Waterloo Twp.) have brought to view excellent sections of the Cedar Valley Stage of the Devonian System of rocks. This paper describes the succession of strata found in each, and briefly summarizes the results of a considerable number of physical tests made on samples from them.

The Preparation And Properties Of Furyl Phenyl Ketimine, J. B. Culbertson, Ben Davis

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

This ketimine has been prepared through the condensation of furonitrile with magnesium phenyl bromide, followed by treatment with ice and ammonium chloride at about -15 degrees C. The hydrochloride, a white solid, is rather quickly hydrolyzed to the corresponding ketone, benzoyl furane. The velocity of this hydrolysis and the basic strength of the free ketimine base are determined.

A Note On A Fossil Elk's Head, E. J. Cable

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In the summer of 1931, Mr. Williford of Waterloo called the writer's attention to a fossil elk's head which was found in a gravel pit in Riverside Addition about one-half mile back from the present course of the Cedar River.

New Data On The Upper Devonian Of Iowa, S. W. Stookey

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

A recently discovered exposure of fossiliferous beds of Upper Devonian age in Iowa County, Iowa, containing a rich and well preserved fauna, is believed to be of unusual interest and significance. These beds were uncovered by the road grader and extend along the north side of the road across Section 29, Amana Township, for a distance of about a mile. The exposure begins a few rods west of the limits of Middle Amana and with exception of two or three interruptions by ravines, is continuous to the point where it disappears under the Hohe Amana outlier of Des Moines sandstone. …

Ice Caves, John E. Smith

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Ice caves are found in Eastern Oregon, Idaho, Pennsylvania, Iowa, and in other states. The caves are very long and narrow and have relatively small openings. Long, cold winters seem to be an essential also in most of them. The cold, heavy air fills the caves, and condenses the warmer, moist air below the freezing point, forming ice as the two diffuse slowly at the entrance. If the air chamber is large enough and the cave opening small enough, the diffusion and ice-forming will continue throughout the year, as in the cave in Bixby State Park. If not there will …

The Story-Hamilton Artesian Area, John E. Smith

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

This area extends along Keilley creek some ten miles and northward along Skunk River and Bear creek about the same distance from their confluence. In a marginal zone the water rises nearly to the surface but does not flow from the wells. This is a shallow well area, the depths being about sixty feet. The reservoir seems to be found in the floodplain gravels of one or more Pre-Wisconsin rivers whose valleys were partly filled with glacial till, tightly sealing the reservoir. Much water is being wasted through neglect to provide some of the wells with faucets. Some of the …

Some Conics With Names, Roscoe Woods

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Scattered through the field of elementary mathematics there are a number of conics which have received names. It is the purpose of this paper to group them together for reference. In the list that follows, the most common method of defining the curve is given and the given references are not necessarily the earliest reference. Articles have been selected as far as possible because they give a good discussion of the curve.

The Lighting Of A Home Under Various Color Conditions, William Kunerth, Kathryn C. Waldron

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

That a very marked difference is noticed in the ability and comfort with which one can see things in different homes, no one will doubt. This depends on the types of lamps and luminaires used, upon the wattage consumed, the color effect produced by colors of lamps and wall covering; and also on the reflection factors of walls and ceiling. It is on the last mentioned factor that we wish especially to dwell and for which we can give definite experimental data.

A New Vaccum Type Mercury Still, L. E. Pinney

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

The still consists of a compact single unit of Pyrex glass embodying a boiler, a water cooled condenser, and a receiver. Mercury can be poured from the receiver as required without disturbing the contents of the boiler.

Resistivity Of Zinc Crystals, W. J. Poppy

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

In an attempt to settle the discrepancy between the resistivity measurements of Bridgman on the one hand and Tyndall and Hoyem (Phys. Rev. 38, p. 820; 1931) on the other, single zinc crystals of one square cm. cross section and ten cm. long have been grown and measured. The results are in agreement with Tyndall and Hoyem. Present indications are that certain anomalous crystals (i.e. not truly single) have abnormally low resistivities and show great sensitivity to slight strain. The technique of growing these large crystals will be described.

A Note On Atmospheric Electricity And The Effect Of Electricity On The Growth Of Plants, L. W. Butler, C. S. Dorchester

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Observations on the directions of current from earth to air have shown that up to July 1 there was little or no loss of negative charge. The weather from July 1 to September 15 was generally fair and during most of this period there was a very small loss of negative charge. At no time between September 15 and March 28 has there been any indication that the earth was losing negative charge, although there have been many days which would be classed as fair weather.

The Role Of Eye Movement Habits In Determining Reading Efficiency, Francis P. Robinson

Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Since there is a correlation of about.60 between reading comprehension and eye movements, it is of importance psychologically to understand the nature of this relationship. Three possible causal relationships may exist. First, comprehension may determine the action of the eyes in reading; second, certain functions of eye movement may determine reading efficiency; or third, some undescribed factor may affect each of these and account for the relationship.