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Applying Spring/Summer 2024 Fashion Trends To Modest Tween Fashion, Hannah Grace Shirley
Applying Spring/Summer 2024 Fashion Trends To Modest Tween Fashion, Hannah Grace Shirley
Liberty University Research Week
This research explores how current fashion trends can be adapted to fit the modesty values of Christian tween girls. Analyzing cultural beliefs, fashion trends, and the needs of Christian families with daughters will inform a small collection of age-appropriate, modest clothing for middle school girls. A review of literature, both Christian and secular, provides a picure of current influences on fashion. In today’s culture, relatively new ideas about homosexuality, transgenderism, marriage, and sex shape how many people, especially women, act and dress. Where clothing once emphasized femininity and modesty, most women’s clothing today emphasizes comfort or sexuality. These changes also …
Sensory Room Design To Prevent Overstimulation In Those With Sensory Processing Disorders, Mary Schmidt
Sensory Room Design To Prevent Overstimulation In Those With Sensory Processing Disorders, Mary Schmidt
Liberty University Research Week
Sensory rooms are invaluable resources in assisting people with sensory processing disorders by providing a relaxing escape from the regular stimulation of the world. Designers have an imperative role in creating these rooms specifically for people with these disorders. Well-designed sensory environments have the capability to promote relaxation, reduce stress and anxiety, and improve emotional regulation. This research presentation aims to propose a design solution for a sensory room catered toward college students with sensory processing disorders, especially those that are on the autism spectrum. After touring preexisting sensory spaces and conducting a comprehensive review of literature on sensory environments …
Beyond The Horizon Glows: A Poetic Reimagining Of Augustine’S Philosophy Of Memoria, Sarah Tate
Beyond The Horizon Glows: A Poetic Reimagining Of Augustine’S Philosophy Of Memoria, Sarah Tate
Liberty University Research Week
This oral presentation delivers an original collection of poetry composed around St. Augustine’s idea of memoria (memory) as outlined in his autobiographical Confessions. The poetic collection “Beyond the Horizon Glows” follows the same framework of the introspective work as it moves from personal recollection to exploring more abstract notions, such as memory, time, and creation. In this sense, the collection echoes the Augustinian philosophy of how memory acts as the catalyst for retrospective meaning, bridging the gap between man, world, and God. This collection treats memory as the profound concept that it is, framing it as an entry to a …
The Relationship Between Social Media Usage, Loneliness, And Mindfulness In College Students, Edward Cook
The Relationship Between Social Media Usage, Loneliness, And Mindfulness In College Students, Edward Cook
Liberty University Research Week
In recent years, both social media usage and loneliness have been increasing for young adults. While previous work has revealed a relationship between social media usage and loneliness among young adults, the purpose of the current study is to examine if mindfulness mediates this relationship and if different types of social media engagement moderate this relationship. We hypothesize that higher social media usage will be related to higher loneliness, which will be mediated by lower mindfulness, and that specific types of social media engagement will moderate the relationship between higher social media usage and higher loneliness. Participants will complete a …
Antibiotic Prescribing Appropriateness In Telemedicine Versus In-Person Visits, Asonganyi Aminkeng
Antibiotic Prescribing Appropriateness In Telemedicine Versus In-Person Visits, Asonganyi Aminkeng
Liberty University Research Week
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the use of telemedicine, which has reduced barriers to accessing healthcare. Nevertheless, concerns persist regarding the diagnostic processes conducted remotely without a proper physical examination, potentially leading to instances of inadequate healthcare provision. Otitis media is a common childhood infection requiring a proper physical examination to determine whether the child might benefit from antibiotics. The excessive use of antibiotics is recognized to result in several adverse outcomes, including antimicrobial resistance, side effects, increased healthcare expenses, and alterations to the microbiome, associated with the development of chronic diseases. To evaluate the …
Improving Student Engagement Despite Lowering Attention Spans In The Classroom, Kaycee Lee
Improving Student Engagement Despite Lowering Attention Spans In The Classroom, Kaycee Lee
Liberty University Research Week
Attention spans have been decreasing throughout society for many years, partially due to the constant increase of technological advances. The average human attention span of eight seconds is particularly concerning to teachers and others in the classroom. It does not seem that the average attention span is ever going to increase, so teachers must implement intentional methods and strategies within their classroom to keep their students’ attention. Physical activities, technology and hands-on lesson supports, small group instruction, shorter lesson times, flexible seating, and differentiated instruction are all strategies supported by research to improve student engagement within the classroom. Every classroom …
Mental Toughness And Coping Skills In College Athletes, Kaidon Salter
Mental Toughness And Coping Skills In College Athletes, Kaidon Salter
Liberty University Research Week
This paper examines the mental toughness and coping skills in college athletes, which are measured by The Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ASCI-28) questionnaire. The ASCI-28 is designed to gauge mental toughness and coping skills in athletes in seven crucial areas. These areas can impact performance, for example, handling setbacks, thriving under pressure, and staying focused. The survey will be sent out to all 500+ of the Liberty University student-athletes through email. This tool is simply a psychological assessment, meaning that it can help observe the crucial “mind game” side of sports. It is helpful because it can show not only …
Time To Tickle The Taste Buds, Victoria Maclean
Time To Tickle The Taste Buds, Victoria Maclean
Liberty University Research Week
The CHEM 497 Special Topics in Chemistry: Kitchen Chemistry course was designed for students to learn, engage, reason with, and practice foundational scientific principles in a familiar setting – food in the kitchen. The process of cooking involves transforming the qualities of ingredients and how they combine to form new textures, flavors, and tastes. According to our survey, taste is the most important factor when determining how appealing a certain food product is. Thus, finding a compound to alter the taste and perception of food could prove very useful. The Miracle Fruit Berry (MFB) is not sweet in and of …
Background Radiation: The Symbolism Of Film In A Creative Work, Jack Fanning
Background Radiation: The Symbolism Of Film In A Creative Work, Jack Fanning
Liberty University Research Week
This oral presentation examines an original short story titled Background Radiation. This story explores grief and connection through the lens of a man who has lost his girlfriend in a tragedy. When a presence begins to inhabit his home, he becomes convinced that this is his chance to get his girlfriend back. To emphasize how the character is “out-of-time”, the story juxtaposes a near-future, “weird fiction” setting against the character’s obsession with older forms of media. In doing so, the story explores the relationship between the character’s fixation on the historical past and his fixation on his own personal past. …
Feelings Of Loneliness And Their Associations With The Type Of Social Media Use In College Students: Mixed Methods Study, Andrei Sigunov
Feelings Of Loneliness And Their Associations With The Type Of Social Media Use In College Students: Mixed Methods Study, Andrei Sigunov
Liberty University Research Week
The issue of loneliness remains a big concern for a number of people nowadays. Loneliness appears as a predictor and an outcome of many mental impairments. Response to loneliness may be observed from behavioral and physiological sides by exploring subjective feelings and autonomic nervous response. There is an increasing number of social media users which results in increased screen time. The evidence of these relationships is mixed. Whereas some articles suggest that time spent on social media has a negative impact on people and increases feelings of loneliness, other studies give evidence that it may help people maintain or even …
Covid-19 Pandemic Experiences: Relationship With Loneliness Of Current College Students, Nicole Airesman
Covid-19 Pandemic Experiences: Relationship With Loneliness Of Current College Students, Nicole Airesman
Liberty University Research Week
Loneliness is an urgent public health concern resulting in negative outcomes, ranging from depression, anxiety, and suicidality to poorer physical health, sleep, and cognitive processes. The development of chronic loneliness was potentially catalyzed by the implementation of COVID-19 policies resulting in disrupted social networks – disruptions that may have disparately impacted adolescent social-cognitive development. Using a non-experimental, cross-sectional design, the purpose is to determine if COVID-19 Impact – individuals’ distinct pandemic experiences – relates to current loneliness and PERMA well-being factors for Liberty University students, many of whom were adolescents during COVID-19. The following research questions are investigated: (1) What …
Functionalizing Fluorophores For Protein Labeling, Meghan Gardiner
Functionalizing Fluorophores For Protein Labeling, Meghan Gardiner
Liberty University Research Week
Fluorescence is a valuable tool in the fields of chemistry and biology used to study reaction mechanisms and to visualize biologically relevant structures. Fluorescent dyes used in these applications have been functionalized to tag many classes of biomolecules, including proteins. Such dyes have also been used in biomedical or clinical settings, such as identification and diagnosis of diseases or genetic disorders. With the goal of optimizing fluorescent protein labeling, this research seeks to investigate if our dyes can be made more water soluble, have a broader Stokes shift, show a higher quantum yield, and label the target protein more efficiently. …
Creating High Strength High Ductility Copper By Use Of Position And Energy Controlled Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (Pecsmat), Joshua Clayton
Creating High Strength High Ductility Copper By Use Of Position And Energy Controlled Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (Pecsmat), Joshua Clayton
Liberty University Research Week
Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT) has shown positive benefits in the strengthening of nano crystalline materials. SMAT, like shot peening, uses hard materials like steel balls to impact the surface of an object. These impacts increase the yield strength of the material by refining the grain structure. However, this increase in yield strength is at the cost of a lower ductility. Historical SMAT and shot peening techniques lack precision and repeatability. With the use of a custom machine called the Position and Energy Controlled SMAT (PECSMAT) impact location and energy can be accurately controlled. This allows for unique SMAT applications …
The Psychology Behind Storytelling, Stephanie Russak
The Psychology Behind Storytelling, Stephanie Russak
Liberty University Research Week
This paper will examine the art of storytelling and how humanity is psychologically wired to crave stories. While humans used to tell stories to point to a food supply, ward off danger, or preserve family history, today, people gather in front of movie screens, theater stages, and concert halls. This paper will explore that evolutionary process and how stories remain prevalent in the modern era. It will explore the question “What compels our brain to capture its waning attention span and listen to a story?” This paper looks deeper into what psychologists call “narrative transportation” and how the brain engages …
Characterization Of The Aspergillus Flavus Rdia Gene With A Rdi1∆ Mutant Of C. Neoformans, Nicholas Jones
Characterization Of The Aspergillus Flavus Rdia Gene With A Rdi1∆ Mutant Of C. Neoformans, Nicholas Jones
Liberty University Research Week
Several members in the Aspergillus genus produce aflatoxin, the most potent naturally occurring carcinogen known. Regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis has been studied for several decades as this mycotoxin is currently regulated by the USDA. While all the biosynthetic steps have been characterized, much remains to be elucidated regarding the regulatory network controlling its production. Expression data show that A. flavus rdiA clusters with the aflatoxin pathway-specific transcriptional regulator aflR. Deletion of rdiA resulted in increased septation interval and branching as well as severely decreased AF production. The ∆rdiA mutant phenotype is similar to the rdi1∆ mutant of C. neoformans and …
Challenges Of A Changing Environment: Urban Development Impacts A Population Of Eastern Box Turtles, Anna Grace Aldridge
Challenges Of A Changing Environment: Urban Development Impacts A Population Of Eastern Box Turtles, Anna Grace Aldridge
Liberty University Research Week
The Eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) is a small terrestrial turtle, which lives primarily in open woodlands. Populations of these turtles can be threatened if drastic changes happen to their woodland environment, such as development projects. This is exactly what happened to a small population of eastern box turtles along the Blackwater Creek trail in downtown Lynchburg, VA. We have been researching this population since 1999 using a capture-mark-recapture method. The population was undisturbed until 2020 when a large portion of the study site was timbered for urban development, reducing the size of the forest habitat from 11 to …
A Cellular And Genetic Approach To Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Parker Pruitt
A Cellular And Genetic Approach To Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Parker Pruitt
Liberty University Research Week
This paper serves as an in-depth exploration of a rare genetic disorder, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, discussing its genetic basis and pathology, as well as offers a unique perspective from those who are afflicted by it. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is a connective tissue disorder that ultimately stems from a rare genetic mutation and disruption of the extracellular matrix. Thirteen different variations of this possibly life-threatening syndrome have been established. The types of EDS have different genes that are mutated to specifically result in the variant. The focus of this proposal is the vascular variation, otherwise referred to as vEDS. Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome …
Using Molecular Data To Identify Lungless Salamander Kinds, Kayla Natelborg
Using Molecular Data To Identify Lungless Salamander Kinds, Kayla Natelborg
Liberty University Research Week
Baraminology is the study of God’s created kinds as described in Genesis 1. Holobaramins are scientific approximations of these kinds, identified by building up monobaramins (smaller, continuous groups of organisms) and dividing apobaramins (larger, discontinuous groups of organisms). The lungless salamander family (Caudata: Plethodontidae), composed of over 500 species in 29 genera, have been grouped together by herpetologists for almost 200 years. Our previous research indicates that lungless salamander holobaramin(s) are found somewhere between the genus and family levels. The goal of this study is to further investigate the baraminology of these organisms by reanalyzing a prominent study of lungless …
Using Morphological Data To Identify Lungless Salamander Kinds, Kayla Natelborg
Using Morphological Data To Identify Lungless Salamander Kinds, Kayla Natelborg
Liberty University Research Week
Baraminology is the study of God’s created kinds as described in Genesis 1. Holobaramins are scientific approximations of these kinds, identified by building up. monobaramins (smaller, continuous groups of organisms) and dividing apobaramins (larger, discontinuous groups of organisms). The lungless salamander family (Caudata: Plethodontidae), composed of over 500 species in 29 genera, have been grouped together by herpetologists for almost 200 years. Our previous research estimates that lungless salamander holobaramin(s) are. found somewhere between the genus and family levels. To further narrow this range, this study aims to compare various tongue morphologies within the lungless salamander family using statistical baraminology …
The Effect Of Coplanarity On Organic Semiconductors, Jessica Imad Farah Azar
The Effect Of Coplanarity On Organic Semiconductors, Jessica Imad Farah Azar
Liberty University Research Week
This poster examines organic semiconductors which are growing in application for utilization in modern technology such as solar panels, electronic devices, and printers. The main interest in these organic compounds is their low cost (compared to silicon, a commercial semiconductor) and flexibility. Organic semiconductors are characterized by several integral traits including, but not limited to extended conjugation, coplanarity of the entire molecule, and narrow band gap. Bibenzothiophene (BBT) which was used as a precursor for our experiment is an example of an organic semiconductor. This research seeks to further synthesize, analyze, and understand the effect of linking aromatic phenyl- and …
Validation Of Phencyclidine, Ketamine, And Dextromethorphan Using Miscellaneous Basic Drugs Quantitation And Confirmation By Liquid-Liquid Extraction Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry., Kate Ferro
Liberty University Research Week
Phencyclidine (PCP), ketamine, and Dextromethorphan (Dxm) are hallucinogenic drugs commonly abused in the USA and are included in common drugs of abuse panels. Ketamine and PCP are more specifically classified as dissociative anesthetics, which can lead to confusion or a catatonic state in the individual (O'Malley and O'Malley 2022). Dextromethorphan, often found in cough suppressants, can cause both euphoria and hallucinations at elevated concentrations (Department of Justice/Drug Enforcement Administration Drug Fact Sheet 2020) (Journey, Agrawal and Stern 2023). Although PCP, ketamine and Dxm, have been previously validated for quantitative analysis by Gas Chromatography or Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry in a …
Crispr Cas9 Mediated Gfp Tagging Of Cd79a In Danio Rerio, Asia Eskaros
Crispr Cas9 Mediated Gfp Tagging Of Cd79a In Danio Rerio, Asia Eskaros
Liberty University Research Week
Danio rerio, commonly known as zebrafish, are well known to have an immune system that mirrors the human immune system. As such, Danio rerio is an excellent biological model for studying the immune system. This research team was attempting to study the activity of B-cells in the immune development of zebrafish. However, the team found that the exact location of B-cells in zebrafish throughout their development is not known. Thus, this research seeks to design a protocol to identify the location of B-cells throughout Danio rerio immune development. The team will be fulfilling this aim by tagging CD79a, also known …
Analysis Of An Amino Acid Labeled Fluorescent Dye, Avery Roark
Analysis Of An Amino Acid Labeled Fluorescent Dye, Avery Roark
Liberty University Research Week
Previous research by Yuan et al. has shown that labeling fluorescent dyes with amino acids is a useful method for fluorescent microscopy because it does not significantly alter the size of the fluorophore. Data by Yuan et al. utilized three different neutral amino acids (glycine, lysine, and proline) and individually linked them to the same fluorophore, resulting in three individual fluorophores. These three fluorophores were tested in the plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, which was able to absorb the fluorophore. Amino acid absorption and transport could be visualized. Fluorophores with the amino acid exhibited enhanced fluorescence when compared to the control fluorophore …
Anti-Müllerian Hormone Gene Expression In Mouse Testes Elucidated Via Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Christopher Oglesby
Anti-Müllerian Hormone Gene Expression In Mouse Testes Elucidated Via Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Christopher Oglesby
Liberty University Research Week
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the most sensitive technique commonly used to characterize gene expression in cells and tissues. While a standard PCR requires hours to complete, a modified “fast” PCR takes ~30 minutes which could allow for advanced integration into undergraduate laboratory courses. Therefore, studies were performed to flashlight putative “fast” PCR efficacy by detecting anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). AMH is a peptide hormone regulating sex development. In adult male mammals, AMH supports sperm production. It was hypothesized that AMH gene expression in testes could be detected by RT- “fast” PCR, an accelerated protocol, to meet teaching-lab timeframes. …
Synthesis And Analysis Of Hydrochloride Salts Used As Adulterants, Rachel Byrum
Synthesis And Analysis Of Hydrochloride Salts Used As Adulterants, Rachel Byrum
Liberty University Research Week
An adulterant is an additive commonly found in the illicit drug trade. These adulterants are used to bulk up the drug supply and increase the potency of the drug. Adulterants can be many compounds, from chemicals to poisons. Sugars, prescription medications, metals, and even pesticides can be used for this purpose (1). An over-the-counter drug can also be used as an adulterant. A common practice is to dissolve this drug in hydrochloric acid and allow it to recrystallize. The recrystallized version becomes a hydrochloride salt form of the adulterant. This new form has an increased molecule size and water solubility. …
Efficient Synthesis Of 5,6-Fused Ring Pyridazines For Advanced Organometallic Semiconductor Applications, David Johnson
Efficient Synthesis Of 5,6-Fused Ring Pyridazines For Advanced Organometallic Semiconductor Applications, David Johnson
Liberty University Research Week
Organometallic semiconductors have emerged as pivotal components driving technological innovations in recent years. With a rich history in chemistry, organometallic compounds have gained prominence for their semiconductive properties, leading to significant advancements in fields such as optoelectronics and materials science. This study focuses on streamlining the synthesis of 5,6-fused ring pyridazines, a critical organic building block for cutting-edge organometallic semiconductor technologies. Pyridazines, characterized by a six-membered aromatic ring with adjacent nitrogen atoms, exhibit remarkable stability and have diverse applications in optoelectronics and pharmaceuticals. The primary objective of this research is to develop a more efficient process for the synthesis of …
Analysis Of Anti-Müllerian Hormone Expression In The Ovary: Exploring Modified Immunochemistry Protocol For Laboratory Learning, Byanca Gonzales
Analysis Of Anti-Müllerian Hormone Expression In The Ovary: Exploring Modified Immunochemistry Protocol For Laboratory Learning, Byanca Gonzales
Liberty University Research Week
Research is the cornerstone of scientific progress, contributing to the evolution of our understanding of the natural world. Within the Christian worldview, the intersection of immunohistochemistry staining and the study of Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) elicits diverse perspectives. Many Christians appreciate scientific inquiry, viewing techniques like immunohistochemistry staining and the study of hormones, like AMH, to explore and understand the intricacies of the human body. While the Bible exemplifies the importance of visualizing and treating your body as a temple, it doesn’t just mean this figuratively. From a Christian perspective, the Bible emphasizes care for the body as a temple, understanding …
Using Taxonomic And Hybridization Data To Identify Lungless Salamander Kinds, Kayla Natelborg
Using Taxonomic And Hybridization Data To Identify Lungless Salamander Kinds, Kayla Natelborg
Liberty University Research Week
Baraminology is the study of God’s created kinds as described in Genesis 1. Holobaramins (groups of known organisms sharing continuity and bounded by discontinuity) are scientific approximations of these kinds identified by building up monobaramins (smaller, continuous groups) and dividing apobaramins (larger, discontinuous groups). The lungless salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae), composed of over 500 species in 29 genera, have been grouped together by herpetologists for almost 200 years. This consistent taxonomic history suggests that the family represents a cognitum (group of organisms recognized through the human cognitive senses as belonging together) and possibly apobaramin. The goals of the present study are …
Civil War Field Hospital: A Bloody Surgical Table’S Link To The Past And Its Impact On Future Dna Analysis, Natalie Spencer
Civil War Field Hospital: A Bloody Surgical Table’S Link To The Past And Its Impact On Future Dna Analysis, Natalie Spencer
Liberty University Research Week
This study sought to generate DNA profiles from the Hillsman House surgical table, as well as determine the best method of sample collection and analysis from a wooden substrate. During the Battle of Sailor’s Creek, the Hillsman House was used as a field hospital to treat hundreds of soldiers. In 2018, Jones and McClintock traveled to the historical site and generated human DNA profiles from bloodstains found on the floor of the house, thus demonstrating the ability to profile aged bloodstains. During their study, marks observed on the floor were presumed to be from the surgical table, however, the original …
Cryptology For Christ: Steganography, Evangelism, And Closed Access Countries, Christopher Jaus
Cryptology For Christ: Steganography, Evangelism, And Closed Access Countries, Christopher Jaus
Liberty University Research Week
Digital steganography is rooted in the ancient practice of hiding messages and has evolved dramatically with technology. In the Christian worldview, modern technology's ethical application is rooted in the creation mandate, where Genesis 1:28 commands mankind to subdue the earth and have dominion over it. The Bible tells of examples where God directly instructs time-period specific technological application. For example, in Exodus 36, two men were charged with the task of using their technological skills to create objects for the purpose of housing the unique presence of God. Exodus 36:1 says, “Bezalel and Oholiab and every craftsman in whom the …