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Journal of Extension

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The Importance Of Social Capital And Community Dynamics For Effective Extension Programming, Samuel Ch Mindes, Katherine Dentzman Oct 2026

The Importance Of Social Capital And Community Dynamics For Effective Extension Programming, Samuel Ch Mindes, Katherine Dentzman

Journal of Extension

The Iowa Pest Resistance Management Program was formed to encourage community-level pesticide resistance management. Iowa State University Extension and Outreach collaborated with four Iowa stakeholder communities to establish pilot projects. Despite initial momentum, these programs floundered. We investigated the program's challenges in establishing sustained success in the pilot projects using interviews and focus groups with participants. Our analytical approach considered the critical roles of bonding social capital and bridging social capital in creating entrepreneurial social infrastructure. We provide lessons learned for future community coordination efforts.


Developing A Program Theory To Guide Program Evaluation, Amanda D. Ali Aug 2025

Developing A Program Theory To Guide Program Evaluation, Amanda D. Ali

Journal of Extension

A program theory specifies how a program is intended to work. It is different from a logic model and bears importance in program evaluation by considering a program’s processes. This article shares an application for developing a program theory, a worksheet that assists with this process, and a graphical illustration that visually communicates program flow.


Leveraging Community Partnerships And Resources To Address Food Insecurity In A Rural County During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Kristen Johnson, Amy Elizer, Karen L. Franck, Soghra Jarvandi Feb 2025

Leveraging Community Partnerships And Resources To Address Food Insecurity In A Rural County During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Kristen Johnson, Amy Elizer, Karen L. Franck, Soghra Jarvandi

Journal of Extension

Extension professionals are skilled at connecting with community partners and community members to identify needs and address challenges. This paper outlines how Extension professionals quickly responded to address rising rates of food insecurity in a rural Tennessee County during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through an extensive network of state, regional, and local partners, Extension professionals and partners planned and implemented mobile food distributions through the United States Department of Agriculture’s Farmers to Families program. These Extension-led efforts resulted in sustainable, community-driven initiatives to improve food insecurity. Lessons learned can help Extension professionals respond to emerging needs.


Promoting Equity: Embracing Food Justice In The Transformation Of The Food Systems For Bipoc Communities, Frank Yeboah Adusei Feb 2025

Promoting Equity: Embracing Food Justice In The Transformation Of The Food Systems For Bipoc Communities, Frank Yeboah Adusei

Journal of Extension

The food justice movement addresses systemic food inequities impacting BIPOC communities, rooted in civil rights and environmental justice movements. It advocates for fair access to culturally relevant food, combating food deserts, and promoting food sovereignty. Recognizing intersectionality, it emphasizes collaboration to dismantle systemic barriers. This study aims to understand BIPOC communities' challenges and effective strategies, stressing the importance of collaborative efforts for lasting systemic change. Extension professionals face challenges but can contribute through equity-focused strategies, community engagement, and partnerships, advancing food justice and fostering inclusive food systems.


The Birds And The Bees: Teaching Parents How To Educate Their Children About Sex, Tonya Pell, Courtney Aldrich Nov 2024

The Birds And The Bees: Teaching Parents How To Educate Their Children About Sex, Tonya Pell, Courtney Aldrich

Journal of Extension

Parent educators at Michigan State University Extension have had great success with their Extension Extras Parenting Hour series which began in 2020. The series is organized every quarter, meets weekly, and changes topics every week. The 90 minute class covers a range of parenting topics from positive discipline, talking to children about race, early literacy, and now, due to a need being identified and addressed, how to educate children about sex and sexuality. This new topic to the series has received positive feedback from participants and has led to community organizations asking for similar classes and support from the team.


The 2021 Kansas Rural Grocery Survey: Revaluating Extension’S Role In Rural Grocery Issues, Jacob A. Miller-Klugesherz, Jessica Ramirez, Rial Carver, Erica Blair, Leah J. Tsoodle, Lauren Scheufler Sep 2024

The 2021 Kansas Rural Grocery Survey: Revaluating Extension’S Role In Rural Grocery Issues, Jacob A. Miller-Klugesherz, Jessica Ramirez, Rial Carver, Erica Blair, Leah J. Tsoodle, Lauren Scheufler

Journal of Extension

Kansas State University’s Rural Grocery Initiative, housed under research and extension, surveyed rural Kansas grocery stores in 2021 (N = 48). This is the second RGI survey, following up on the ownership and customer surveys in 2008. This survey broadly assesses owner characteristics, store features, and challenges. Using descriptive and thematic analyses, we identified two topline conclusions for grocers and their respective Extension services. First, grocers need to identify transition plans earlier and more often. Second, grocers can overcome competition and distribution challenges by diversifying their sourcing, supply, and offerings.


Maximizing The First-Year Planning Period For Scholarly Publications: Implications For Prospective Cyfar Grant Recipients, Sothy Eng, Manca Sustarsic, Nancy Ooki, Heather Greenwood, Christine Hanakawa May 2023

Maximizing The First-Year Planning Period For Scholarly Publications: Implications For Prospective Cyfar Grant Recipients, Sothy Eng, Manca Sustarsic, Nancy Ooki, Heather Greenwood, Christine Hanakawa

Journal of Extension

One of CYFAR's unique features is the built-in planning year for all grant recipients. We present our evaluation team’s approach during year 1 to establish a foundation and plan for scholarly publications during funding years 2–5. The systematic literature review provided the team with a better understanding of the culture and context of the project’s target population. Collaboration between PI/Co-PI and Evaluator served as a powerful tool to achieving this goal. Not only does this model benefit future CYFAR grant recipients’ and Extension professionals’ curriculum development and program evaluation, it can also inform recruitment efforts and community partnership development.


An Exploration Of Service Needs And Preferences Of Dementia Caregivers In Kentucky, Heehyul Moon, Sunshine Rote, Allison Kacmar, Amy Kostelic, Bari Lewis Dec 2022

An Exploration Of Service Needs And Preferences Of Dementia Caregivers In Kentucky, Heehyul Moon, Sunshine Rote, Allison Kacmar, Amy Kostelic, Bari Lewis

Journal of Extension

As Americans live longer, the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias will increase. Caregivers are critical to the care and life quality of people with dementia. Yet, dementia caregivers are at increased risk for health issues, social isolation, and financial challenges. To help educators with the University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service work with their local Alzheimer’s Association and the University of Louisville to better support dementia families, we explored caregiver needs and service utilization using an online survey. Our findings highlighted the need for counseling/support, care management skills, resource education, self-care strategies, and legal services. Extension Service Educators …


Extension And Tourism: Previous Efforts, Current Trends, And The Future, Doug Arbogast, Daniel Eades, Stephan Goetz, Yuxuan Pan May 2022

Extension And Tourism: Previous Efforts, Current Trends, And The Future, Doug Arbogast, Daniel Eades, Stephan Goetz, Yuxuan Pan

Journal of Extension

This study highlights the results of a national survey of Extension land-grant and sea grant professionals designed to better understand their involvement in state/regional tourism programming and their perceptions of tourism related opportunities and challenges. This study demonstrates the breadth and importance of Extension’s tourism programing and continued challenges including limited investment and commitment by state institutions and the larger CES for core tourism program offerings. Investments in tourism programing are recommended as a way for Extension to maintain its relevancy, and better engage and address the community and economic development needs of traditional and emerging audiences.


4-H Student Nutrition Advisory Councils Support Positive Youth Development And Health Outcomes Among Underserved Populations, Shannon Klisch, Katherine E. Soule Sep 2021

4-H Student Nutrition Advisory Councils Support Positive Youth Development And Health Outcomes Among Underserved Populations, Shannon Klisch, Katherine E. Soule

Journal of Extension

4-H SNAC Clubs engage youth in low-income schools with majority Latinx enrollment in leadership activities to increase schoolwide health and wellness. 4-H SNAC Clubs aim to develop youth health leaders, establish youth-adult partnerships, and increase access to 4-H in Latinx communities. Outcomes related to healthful living and positive youth development were assessed using the Teen Teacher Retrospective Survey (n=59) across five 4-H SNAC Clubs. Results show positive outcomes related to self-reported health behaviors for students and their families and leadership development. 4-H SNAC Clubs can increase access to 4-H among Latinx youth and support healthier communities through the Supplemental Nutrition …


Farmers’ Perceived Needs Of Extension’ Support During Covid-19 In Hawai'i, Sothy Eng, Tricia Khun, Monica Esquivel, Nancy Ooki, Joanna Bloese, Shannon Sand, Noa Lincoln Jun 2021

Farmers’ Perceived Needs Of Extension’ Support During Covid-19 In Hawai'i, Sothy Eng, Tricia Khun, Monica Esquivel, Nancy Ooki, Joanna Bloese, Shannon Sand, Noa Lincoln

Journal of Extension

Extension plays an essential role in serving local communities. How it can support farmers during the pandemic is a novel phenomenon that necessitates careful analysis. Drawing from a survey responded by 313 farmers across Hawai'i in late April 2020, this study assesses how farmers feel Extension can support them best during the pandemic. Farmers identified five areas of needs: community engagement and networking, information sharing and education, funding, research, and local sustainability. Discussion regarding the role of Extension support during the pandemic is offered.


Approach To Establishing An Infrastructure For Delivering Third-Party-Reimbursable Community-Based Health Education, Dawn A. Contreras, Laura A. Anderson Jun 2020

Approach To Establishing An Infrastructure For Delivering Third-Party-Reimbursable Community-Based Health Education, Dawn A. Contreras, Laura A. Anderson

Journal of Extension

Entities that seek to provide quality community-based health education need sustainable funding to maintain their efforts. With dwindling funding sources, it has become important to have diverse financial support for program stability. A promising new practice for expanding funding involves partnering with third-party payers. Michigan State University Extension created a multistep approach to prepare organizations to receive third-party payments. This approach includes (a) assessing readiness, need, and capacity; (b) conducting organizational preparation; (c) conducting staff preparation; and (d) formalizing partnerships. The result is the creation of an infrastructure that allows for partnering with varied funding sources for sustainable community-based health …


Cooperative Extension And Sustainability Outreach: Programmatic Successes, Administrative Support, And Areas For Improvement, Roslynn B. Mccann, Mark Apel, Clark Dove, Ramona Madhosingh-Hector, Jennison Kipp Searcy, David Kay Feb 2020

Cooperative Extension And Sustainability Outreach: Programmatic Successes, Administrative Support, And Areas For Improvement, Roslynn B. Mccann, Mark Apel, Clark Dove, Ramona Madhosingh-Hector, Jennison Kipp Searcy, David Kay

Journal of Extension

According to the 2018 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, without urgent global changes, climate catastrophe caused by warming of greater than 1.5°C will occur by 2030, endangering the planet's capacity to sustain human populations and livelihoods. The National Network for Sustainable Living Education administered a national survey in January 2017 to assess how well-positioned Extension is to address sustainability in the communities the organization serves. Educators from 40 states responded, and 1,395 usable surveys were received. Survey results will help Extension employees discover opportunities for innovation and relevancy in their programming.


Perspectives On Place-Based Local Leadership Programs: Fostering Leadership And Community Attachment In Youths, John Trevor M. Corboy, Laura A. Warner, Matt Benge Aug 2019

Perspectives On Place-Based Local Leadership Programs: Fostering Leadership And Community Attachment In Youths, John Trevor M. Corboy, Laura A. Warner, Matt Benge

Journal of Extension

Leadership development, service learning, place-based education, and economic revitalization are topics relevant to Extension. We performed an evaluation to determine whether a place-based leadership program in Clermont County, Ohio, helps students develop leadership skills and encourages their return to the community. Program evaluation data collected via a web-based survey indicated that 80% of youths planned to return to the area to live and work, an action that would contribute to revitalization of the community. Extension professionals can use findings from our evaluation as a basis for improving existing programs, structuring new youth leadership initiatives, and communicating the value of place-based …


Providing Family Education For Grandparent Caregivers: Lessons From The Grands Program, Larry F. Forthun, Kate Fogarty, Shelby Rudd, Susan Bartolomeo, Peggy D. Mighty Apr 2018

Providing Family Education For Grandparent Caregivers: Lessons From The Grands Program, Larry F. Forthun, Kate Fogarty, Shelby Rudd, Susan Bartolomeo, Peggy D. Mighty

Journal of Extension

Grandparents who take on primary responsibility for raising grandchildren face unique family challenges while helping reduce the burden on the foster care system. The GRandS (Grandfamily Resilience and Sustainability) Program was a family life education program designed with three fundamental goals: (a) increase grandparent caregivers' knowledge and skills in parenting and child development, (b) fortify their relationships with spouses and grandchildren, and (c) inform them about, and connect them to, available community resources. In this article, we describe the program implementation and evaluation, including the use of quantitative analysis and anecdotal accounts. Additionally, on the basis of our findings and …


Using An Engaged Scholarship Symposium To Change Perceptions: Evaluation Results, Sapna Varkey, Olga Smirnova, Tara Lee Gallien Feb 2018

Using An Engaged Scholarship Symposium To Change Perceptions: Evaluation Results, Sapna Varkey, Olga Smirnova, Tara Lee Gallien

Journal of Extension

Engaged scholarship (ES) entails a symbiotic relationship between the community and the university. This article reports results from an evaluation of an ES symposium Eastern Carolina University held to increase awareness of ES as a means for integrating research, teaching, and service and to potentially change unfavorable perceptions about ES through education and testimonials. After the symposium, participants were more likely to suggest that the university should put more weight on ES. On the basis of our findings, we believe that a symposium designed to encourage open dialogue among faculty, administrators, and Extension professionals can lead to increased awareness of …


Creating And Implementing Diverse Development Strategies To Support Extension Centers And Programs, Christopher S. Page, Michael A. Kern Feb 2018

Creating And Implementing Diverse Development Strategies To Support Extension Centers And Programs, Christopher S. Page, Michael A. Kern

Journal of Extension

Declining government funding for higher education requires colleges and universities to seek alternative revenue streams, including through philanthropic fund-raising. Extension-based subject matter centers and other programs can benefit from the thoughtful supplementation of traditional revenue sources with individual, corporate, and private foundation philanthropy. In this article, we examine funding strategies identified in existing Extension literature and then describe the development strategy created for the William D. Ruckelshaus Center as a case study, emphasizing the importance of strong board leadership and cultivation of a diverse mix of income streams.


Mobilizing Rural Communities To Prevent Childhood Obesity: A Tool Kit, Carol A. Smathers, Jennifer M. Lobb Dec 2017

Mobilizing Rural Communities To Prevent Childhood Obesity: A Tool Kit, Carol A. Smathers, Jennifer M. Lobb

Journal of Extension

The tool kit Mobilizing Rural Communities to Prevent Childhood Obesity is the product of a seven-state multidisciplinary research project focused on enhancing obesity prevention efforts by integrating community coaching into the work of rural community coalitions. The interactive tool kit is available at no cost both in print form and online, and it consists of five tutorials that present best practices and lessons learned throughout the research project. Extension professionals working within health promotion coalitions may wish to use or promote the tool kit. Coalition members can complete the activities contained in the tool kit individually or as a group.


A Conversation Tool For Assessing A Food Pantry's Readiness To Address Diet-Related Chronic Diseases, Dan Remley Jun 2017

A Conversation Tool For Assessing A Food Pantry's Readiness To Address Diet-Related Chronic Diseases, Dan Remley

Journal of Extension

Food insecurity is associated with diabetes and other chronic diseases. Individuals who experience food insecurity may use coping skills to avoid hunger, including eating unhealthful foods and binging when food is abundant, two practices that are often detrimental to prevention or management of chronic diseases. Food pantries, especially those using the Rainbow of Colors Choice Food Pantry System, are potential settings for providing nutrition education, healthful foods, and screenings to help individuals prevent or manage their chronic diseases. This article describes a conversation guide Extension professionals can use to assist food pantry personnel in identifying and implementing strategies for addressing …


Empirical Questionnaire Methods For Fund-Raising Campaign Preparedness In Extension, Catherine Comley Adams, Douglass A. Butler, Kaleb Esplin Apr 2017

Empirical Questionnaire Methods For Fund-Raising Campaign Preparedness In Extension, Catherine Comley Adams, Douglass A. Butler, Kaleb Esplin

Journal of Extension

Amid waning public financial support for Extension program offerings, highly strategic and professional fund-raising practices are necessary for gaining momentum among private philanthropists and closing the fiscal gap. University of Missouri Extension conducted a precampaign survey that invited feedback from stakeholders to inform Extension leadership on how to execute fund-raising initiatives tailored to the audience. As a result, University of Missouri Extension is better positioned to serve the needs of its constituents by recruiting significant private financial support according to donors' unique interests.


Participatory Evaluation And Learning: A Case Example Involving Ripple Effects Mapping Of A Tourism Assessment Program, Rani Bhattacharyya, Elizabeth Templin, Cynthia Messer, Scott Chazdon Apr 2017

Participatory Evaluation And Learning: A Case Example Involving Ripple Effects Mapping Of A Tourism Assessment Program, Rani Bhattacharyya, Elizabeth Templin, Cynthia Messer, Scott Chazdon

Journal of Extension

Engaging communities through research-based participatory evaluation and learning methods can be rewarding for both a community and Extension. A case study of a community tourism development program evaluation shows how participatory evaluation and learning can be mutually reinforcing activities. Many communities value the opportunity to reflect on progress made toward development goals and efforts that help accomplish these goals. Application of select evaluation and teaching tools helps stakeholders in a community refine definitions of success. By adopting the methods outlined in this article, Extension educators and program evaluators can deepen their engagement with partner communities in a variety of realms.


Capitalizing On Multidimensionality In Survey Instruments To Ensure Delivery Of Relevant Extension Programming, Eric Romich Feb 2017

Capitalizing On Multidimensionality In Survey Instruments To Ensure Delivery Of Relevant Extension Programming, Eric Romich

Journal of Extension

At a time when resources are dwindling, Extension must capitalize on the potential of multidimensionality in survey instruments. A research project on wind energy development in Ohio involved a survey instrument that assessed the attitudes and opinions of community members, thereby meeting the needs of local stakeholders. However, responses to a set of peripheral questions on the survey also revealed gaps in community members' knowledge related to wind energy development. This article addresses data resulting from the three peripheral survey questions, the data analysis methods that yielded background for future Extension programming, and the importance of using a survey instrument …


Windfall Wealth And Shale Development In Appalachian Ohio: Preliminary Results, James S. Bates, Polly Wurster Loy Dec 2016

Windfall Wealth And Shale Development In Appalachian Ohio: Preliminary Results, James S. Bates, Polly Wurster Loy

Journal of Extension

The response by agriculture/natural resources and community development Extension educators to shale development in Ohio has been proactive. There is a need, however, to understand the impact that shale development is having broadly on families and communities and specifically as it relates to lease payments and the perceptions and realities of resource windfalls or sudden wealth. This article presents the preliminary results of a qualitative study. In the course of data analysis, themes emerged around the topics of money, family and community life, and land. A discussion of the role of Extension professionals is provided.


Opportunities For And Barriers To Renewable Energy Outreach In Extension: A Mixed-Methods Needs Assessment, Blake H. Thomas, Roslynn G. Brain Oct 2016

Opportunities For And Barriers To Renewable Energy Outreach In Extension: A Mixed-Methods Needs Assessment, Blake H. Thomas, Roslynn G. Brain

Journal of Extension

This article illuminates the far-reaching applications of renewable energy programming for Extension's rural and urban clientele. An online survey of attendees of the inaugural National Extension Energy Summit revealed the need for increased energy programming in Extension. Following survey analysis, focus group interviews were conducted at the National Extension Sustainability Summit to determine the best way to address the reported need for energy programming. The results provide readers with an understanding of how renewable energy programming can expand the role and relevancy of Extension in the 21st century.


Welcoming Immigrants: An Opportunity To Strengthen Rural Communities, Athena K. Ramos Jun 2016

Welcoming Immigrants: An Opportunity To Strengthen Rural Communities, Athena K. Ramos

Journal of Extension

Rural communities matter. Almost a quarter of the Midwest's population lives in rural communities, but emerging demographic patterns, including the increase of Latinos, are changing the landscapes of rural Midwestern communities. Often, the rise in the Latino population is the deciding factor between growth or decline for a rural community. This circumstance presents a unique opportunity for Extension professionals and communities to initiate best practices around community building and welcoming of newcomers, especially immigrants. We need to harness the strength of all rural residents to create vibrant, healthy, sustainable communities that are centers of creativity and innovation.


Capacity Building And Community Resilience: A Pilot Analysis Of Education And Employment Indicators Before And After An Extension Intervention, Russell Weaver Apr 2016

Capacity Building And Community Resilience: A Pilot Analysis Of Education And Employment Indicators Before And After An Extension Intervention, Russell Weaver

Journal of Extension

This article reports on an analysis of the effects of a quasinatural experiment in which 16 rural communities participated in public discussion, leadership training, and community visioning as part of an Extension program at Montana State University. Difference-in-differences methods reveal that key U.S. Census socioeconomic indicators either improved more rapidly or declined more slowly in communities that took part in the program, relative to a statistically matched control group. These findings offer persuasive circumstantial evidence for the ability of Extension programs to build community resilience. The findings and methodology, therefore, have important implications for Extension's role in current public and …


Extension Professionals And Community Coalitions: Professional Development Opportunities Related To Leadership And Policy, System, And Environment Change, Carol A. Smathers, Jennifer M. Lobb Dec 2015

Extension Professionals And Community Coalitions: Professional Development Opportunities Related To Leadership And Policy, System, And Environment Change, Carol A. Smathers, Jennifer M. Lobb

Journal of Extension

Community coalitions play an important role in communitywide strategies to promote health and wellbeing, and Extension professionals may provide leadership, technical assistance, and other support to coalitions. Extension professionals across a Midwestern state were invited to participate in an online survey about their coalition involvement and related training needs. The results of the study reported here describe the nature of Extension professionals' work within community coalitions; identify gaps in knowledge particularly related to policy, system, and environment change (PSEC) strategies; and point to professional development opportunities that will improve Extension's ability to work effectively within community coalitions.


Best Practices In Community Garden Management To Address Participation, Water Access, And Outreach, Luke Drake, Laura Lawson Dec 2015

Best Practices In Community Garden Management To Address Participation, Water Access, And Outreach, Luke Drake, Laura Lawson

Journal of Extension

As community gardens expand across the U.S., Extension professionals can support them not only in horticultural education but also in planning and organization. Knowledge of community garden management is helpful in this regard. Existing research focuses on outcomes and criteria for successful gardens, but is less clear about how community gardens work. We use ethnographic methods to examine community garden management in New Jersey. Spatial and social contexts shape key issues such as water access, participation, and horticultural techniques. Extension professionals can more effectively support community gardens by tailoring their advice to these contexts.


Perceived Effects Of Community Gardening In Lower Mississippi Delta Gardening Participants, Alicia S. Landry, Nikki Chittendon, Christine Eh Coker, Caitlin Weiss Aug 2015

Perceived Effects Of Community Gardening In Lower Mississippi Delta Gardening Participants, Alicia S. Landry, Nikki Chittendon, Christine Eh Coker, Caitlin Weiss

Journal of Extension

This article describes the perceived physical and psychological health impacts of community gardening on participants in the Mississippi Delta. Themes identified include the use of gardening as an educational tool and as a means to increase self-efficacy and responsibility for personal and community health. Additional benefits of gardening as identified by the study include exposure to new types of healthy foods, increased physical activity, and the building of a legacy. Incorporation of gardening into school curriculum could equip young residents with gardening skills and improve the likelihood that community gardens will be maintained.


Developing A Community-Designed Healthy Urban Food System, Julie Fox, Susan Colbert, Mike Hogan, Marilyn Rabe, Christie Welch, Stacy Haught Aug 2015

Developing A Community-Designed Healthy Urban Food System, Julie Fox, Susan Colbert, Mike Hogan, Marilyn Rabe, Christie Welch, Stacy Haught

Journal of Extension

Learning About Food in Urban Communities is a comprehensive guide with Extension resources for Food Production, Food & Business, Food & Family, and Food & Community. This publication emerged as part of a 2-year community-planning project. An interdisciplinary OSU team worked with the Weinland Park community, in the central Ohio University District, to explore how food could be a catalyst for urban neighborhood development.