Digital Commons Network^™

Exopolysaccharides Regulate Calcium Flow In Cariogenic Biofilms, Monika Astasov-Frauenhoffer, Muth M. Varenganayil, Alan W. Decho, Tuomas Waltimo, Olivier Braissant

Faculty Publications

Caries-associated biofilms induce loss of calcium from tooth surfaces in the presence of dietary carbohydrates. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) provide a matrix scaffold and an abundance of primary binding sites within biofilms. The role of EPS in binding calcium in cariogenic biofilms is only partially understood. Thus, the aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the calcium dissolution rates and calcium tolerance of caries-associated bacteria and yeast as well as to examine the properties of EPS to quantify its binding affinity for dissolved calcium. Calcium dissolution was measured by dissolution zones on Pikovskaya’s agar. Calcium tolerance was assessed …

“I’Ve Risen Up From The Ashes That I Created”: Record Clearance And Gendered Narratives Of Self-Reinvention And Reintegration, Elsa Chen, Ericka Adams

Faculty Publications

Record clearance allows some individuals to redesignate or remove certain minor convictions from their criminal records. This interview-based study finds that both men and women seek opportunities for personal gain through record clearance, but women are more motivated by moral and religious influences and concern about reputation. Women are also more likely than men to acknowledge personal flaws, and to desire to replace criminal identities with law-abiding identities. As women redefine their identities, caregiving is especially important as a personal obligation and professional aspiration. Record clearance is particularly compatible with women’s motivations, willingness to change, and personal and professional goals.

The Place Of Philosophy, Danielle Macbeth

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Cannibalism And Infectious Disease: Friends Or Foes?, Benjamin G. Van Allen, Forrest P. Dillemuth, Andrew J. Flick, Matthew J. Faldyn, David R. Clark, Volker H.W. Rudolf, Bret D. Elderd

Faculty Publications

© 2017 by The University of Chicago. Cannibalism occurs in a majority of both carnivorous and noncarnivorous animal taxa from invertebrates to mammals. Similarly, infectious parasites are ubiquitous in nature. Thus, interactions between cannibalism and disease occur regularly. While some adaptive benefits of cannibalism are clear, the prevailing view is that the risk of parasite transmission due to cannibalism would increase disease spread and, thus, limit the evolutionary extent of cannibalism throughout the animal kingdom. In contrast, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the other half of the interaction between cannibalism and disease, that is, how cannibalism affects parasites. …

Alu Insertion Polymorphisms As Evidence For Population Structure In Baboons, Mark Batzer, Cody J. Steely, Jerilyn A. Walker, Vallmer E. Jordan, Thomas O. Beckstrom, Cullen L. Mcdaniel, Corey P. St. Romain, Emily C. Bennett, Arianna Robichaux, Brooke N. Clement, Muthuswamy Raveendran, Kim C. Worley, Jane Phillips-Conroy, Clifford J. Jolly, Jeff Rogers, Miriam K. Konkel

Faculty Publications

Male dispersal from the natal group at or near maturity is a feature of most baboon (Papio) species. It potentially has profound effects upon population structure and evolutionary processes, but dispersal, especially for unusually long distances, is not readily documented by direct field observation. In this pilot study, we investigate the possibility of retrieving baboon population structure in yellow (Papio cynocephalus) and kinda (Papio kindae) baboons from the distribution of variation in a genome-wide set of 494 Alu insertion polymorphisms, made available via the recently completed Baboon Genome Analysis Consortium. Alu insertion variation in a mixed …

Alu Insertion Polymorphisms As Evidence For Population Structure In Baboons, Cody J. Steely, Jerilyn A. Walker, Vallmer E. Jordan, Thomas O. Beckstrom, Cullen L. Mcdaniel, Corey P. St Romain, Emily C. Bennett, Arianna Robichaux, Brooke N. Clement, Muthuswamy Raveendran, Kim C. Worley, Jane Phillips-Conroy, Clifford J. Jolly, Jeff Rogers, Miriam K. Konkel, Mark A. Batzer, Yue Liu, Shwetha Murali, Tauras P. Vilgalys, Jerilyn A. Walker

Faculty Publications

© The Author 2017. Male dispersal from the natal group at or near maturity is a feature of most baboon (Papio) species. It potentially has profound effects upon population structure and evolutionary processes, but dispersal, especially for unusually long distances, is not readily documented by direct field observation. In this pilot study, we investigate the possibility of retrieving baboon population structure in yellow (Papio cynocephalus) and kinda (Papio kindae) baboons from the distribution of variation in a genome-wide set of 494 Alu insertion polymorphisms, made available via the recently completed Baboon Genome Analysis Consortium. Alu insertion variation in a mixed …

Flagship Program Provides A Model For Early Clinical Exposure, Service To Community, Ray Newman, Anne M. Vangarsse, Annette Campbell

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Lower Doses Of Fructose Extend Lifespan In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Jolene Zheng, Chenfei Gao, Mingming Wang, Phuongmai Tran, Nancy Mai, John W. Finley, Steven B. Heymsfield, Frank L. Greenway, Zhaoping Li, David Heber, Jeffrey H. Burton, William D. Johnson, Roger A. Laine

Faculty Publications

© 2017, Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Epidemiological studies indicate that the increased consumption of sugars including sucrose and fructose in beverages correlate with the prevalence of obesity, type-2 diabetes, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension in humans. A few reports suggest that fructose extends lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In Anopheles gambiae, fructose, glucose, or glucose plus fructose also extended lifespan. New results presented here suggest that fructose extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) wild type (N2). C. elegans were fed standard laboratory food source (E. coli OP50), maintained in liquid culture. Experimental groups received additional glucose …

Critical Care Nurses' Perceptions Of End-Of-Life Care Obstacles: Comparative 17-Year Data, Renea L. Beckstrand, Nicole Lamoreaux, Karlen E. Luthy, Janelle L. B. Macintosh

Faculty Publications

Background: Nurses working in intensive care units (ICUs) frequently care for patients and their families at the end of life (EOL). Providing high-quality EOL care is important for both patients and families, yet ICU nurses face many obstacles that hinder EOL care. Researchers have identified various ICU nurse-perceived obstacles, but no studies have been found addressing the progress that has been made for the last 17 years.

Objective: The aims of this study were to determine the most common and current obstacles in EOL care as perceived by ICU nurses and then to evaluate whether meaningful changes have occurred since …

Emerging Adults: A New Understanding Of Millennial Law Students, Rebecca C. Flanagan

Faculty Publications

The challenges facing emerging adults in law school can be some of the vexing for Academic Success professionals if these students are assumed to have the adult life experiences of prior generations of law students. However, their challenges can be some of the simplest to solve when Academic Success professionals are aware of trends in law school admissions and undergraduate education. Academic Success professionals have the tools to work with doctrinal or substantive professors to provide context to the difficulties students are experiencing with understanding class discussions.

Forensic Science: Daubert's Failure, Paul C. Giannelli

Faculty Publications

In 2015, a federal judge noted that “[m]any defendants have been convicted and spent countless years in prison based on evidence by arson experts who were later shown to be little better than witch doctors.” In the same year, a White House science advisor observed: “Suggesting that bite marks [should] still be a seriously used technology is not based on science, on measurement, on something that has standards, but more of a gut-level reaction.” According to another judge “[a]s matters currently stand, a certainty statement regarding toolmark pattern matching has the same probative value as the vision of a psychic.” …

Black Death Bodies, Sharon Dewitte, Maryanne Kowaleski

Faculty Publications

The fourteenth-century Black Death was one of the most important and devastating epidemics in human history. It caused or accelerated important demographic, economic, political, and social changes throughout the Old World and has therefore been the subject of scholarly research in a variety of fields, including history, anthropology, demography, and molecular biology. In this paper, we examine the Black Death (specifically, the first and second outbreaks of fourteenth-century plague, c. 1347–1351 and 1361–1362) from bioarchaeological and historical perspectives, focusing on attempts to reconstruct mortality patterns and addressing the questions: Who died in England during the Black Death? How did they …

Lexicography In-Your-Face: The Active Semantics Of Pastaza Quichua Ideophones, Janis B. Nuckolls, Tod D. Swanson, Diana Shelton, Alexander Rice, Sarah Hatton

Faculty Publications

English:

We argue that a multimodal approach to defining a depictive class of words called ‘ideophones’ by linguists is essential for grasping their meanings. Our argument for this approach is based on the formal properties of Pastaza Quichua ideophones, which set them apart from the non-ideophonic lexicon, and on the cultural assumptions brought by speakers to their use. We analyze deficiencies in past attempts to define this language’s ideophones, which have used only audio data. We offer, instead, an audiovisual corpus which we call an ‘antidictionary’, because it defines words not with other words, but with clips featuring actual contexts …

A Multivariate Meta-Analysis Of Motivational Interviewing Process And Outcome, Scott A. Baldwin, Brian T. Pace, Aaron Dembe, Cristina S. Soma, David C. Atkins, Zac E. Imel

Faculty Publications

Motivational interviewing (MI) theory proposes a process whereby a set of therapist behaviors has direct effects on client outcomes and indirect effects through in-session processes (e.g., client change talk). Despite clear empirical support for the efficacy of MI across settings, the results of studies evaluating proposed links between MI process and outcome have been less clear. In the present study, we used a series of multivariate meta-analyses to test whether there are differential relationships between specific MI-consistent and MI-inconsistent therapist behaviors, MI therapist global ratings, client change language, and clinical outcomes. Based on 19 primary studies (N = 2,614), we …

Indexing Evidence Of Faith Integration, Glynis M. Bradfield

Faculty Publications

Workshop Tasks

•Reflect on types of faith integration

•Consider what happens at an Adventist school or university

•Experience and critique a program faith integration index