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Articles 1 - 30 of 343
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A Precautionary Tale: Separating The Infant From The Fetus, Lawrence Torcello
A Precautionary Tale: Separating The Infant From The Fetus, Lawrence Torcello
Articles
This article confronts growing conservative opposition to abortion based on the slippery slope claim that abortion is morally equivalent to infanticide. By examining the relationship between moral skepticism and precautionary ethics the article promotes completely the permissive position on abortion from conception to birth while consistently rejecting the possibility that such a position entails permissive implications for infanticide. The article introduces and traces the implicit relationship between moral skepticism, the precautionary principle and political liberalism.
Regular Second Order Perturbations Of Binary Black Holes: The Extreme Mass Ratio Regime, Carlos O. Lousto, Hiroyuki Nakano
Regular Second Order Perturbations Of Binary Black Holes: The Extreme Mass Ratio Regime, Carlos O. Lousto, Hiroyuki Nakano
Articles
In order to derive the precise gravitational waveforms for extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRI), we develop a formulation for the second order metric perturbations produced by a point particle moving in the Schwarzschild spacetime. The second order waveforms satisfy a wave equation with an effective source build up from products of the first order perturbations and its derivatives. We have explicitly regularized this source at the horizon and at spatial infinity. We show that the effective source does not contain squares of the Dirac’s delta and that perturbations are regular at the particle location. We introduce an asymptotically flat gauge …
Next Door They Have Regulation, But Not Here …: Assessing The Opinions Of Actors In The Opaque World Of Unregulated Lobbying, John Hogan
Articles
The lobbying of government by various interests is regarded as central to the democratic process. Deliberative democratic theorists tell us that the regulation of lobbying has a positive effect on political systems, and the behaviour of those within them. Yet, only a small number of democracies have implemented legislation regulating lobbyists’ activities. Even within these countries, certain jurisdictions still have not enacted lobbying regulations. Here we examine the attitudes of actors in these unregulated provinces, states and institutions towards the idea of lobbying legislation. This ensures that in the broader context the actors we deal with have knowledge of lobbying …
Reviewing Digital Scholarship: The Need For Discipline-Based Peer Review, Jeanne Glaubitz Cross
Reviewing Digital Scholarship: The Need For Discipline-Based Peer Review, Jeanne Glaubitz Cross
Articles
Digital scholarship connects scholarly research to students and the public in nontraditional ways. Authors present research in a digital form, which may include links to primary source material and teaching guides. In this format, design and accessibility are important, and unfortunately, those quick to dismiss all digital work as teaching or outreach can overlook the research element. The confusion over what digital scholarship is and how to evaluate it raises questions that can affect promotion and tenure decisions in academic institutions. This paper will examine issues surrounding the availability of peer review for digital scholarship, especially in the field of …
The Pluralistic Universe Of Law Towards A Neo-Classical Legal Pragmatism, Susan Haack
The Pluralistic Universe Of Law Towards A Neo-Classical Legal Pragmatism, Susan Haack
Articles
After a brief sketch of the history of philosophical pragmatism generally, and of legal pragmatism specifically (section 1), this paper develops a new, neo-classical legal pragmatism: a theory of law drawing in part on Holmes, but also on ideas from the classical pragmatist tradition in philosophy. Main themes are the "pluralistic universe" of law (section 2); the evolution of legal systems (section 3); the place of logic in the law (section 4); and the relation of law and morality (section 5).
Detection Of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Mec Associated Dna Segments In Multiresistant Mssa And Identification Of Staphylococcus Epidermidis Ccrab4, Celine Herra, Anna Shore, Brian O’Connell,, Angela Rossney,, Derek Sullivan, Hilary Humphreys, David Coleman
Detection Of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Mec Associated Dna Segments In Multiresistant Mssa And Identification Of Staphylococcus Epidermidis Ccrab4, Celine Herra, Anna Shore, Brian O’Connell,, Angela Rossney,, Derek Sullivan, Hilary Humphreys, David Coleman
Articles
Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) can arise from methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) following partial or complete excision of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This study investigated whether multiresistant MSSA isolates from Irish hospitals, where MRSA has been endemic for decades, harbor SCCmec DNA. Twenty-five multiresistant MSSA isolates recovered between 2002 and 2006 were tested for SCCmec DNA by PCR and were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing and spa typing. All isolates lacked mecA. Three isolates (12%) harbored SCCmec DNA; two of these (genotype ST8 t190) harbored a 26-kb SCCmec IID (II.3.1.2) remnant that lacked part of mecI and all of mecR1, …
A 60 Ghz Wireless Network For Enabling Uncompressed Video Communication, Harkirat Singh, Jisung Oh, Changyeul Kweon, Xiangping Qin, Huai-Rong Shao, Chiu Ngo
A 60 Ghz Wireless Network For Enabling Uncompressed Video Communication, Harkirat Singh, Jisung Oh, Changyeul Kweon, Xiangping Qin, Huai-Rong Shao, Chiu Ngo
Articles
Uncompressed high-definition video streaming over wireless personal area networks is a challenging problem because of the high data rate requirement and channel variations. With the advances in RF technology and the huge bandwidth available worldwide in the 57–66 GHz millimeter-wave unlicensed spectrum, mmWave WPANs that can support multigigabit transmission are being developed. However, compared to low-frequency signals (2.4 or 5 GHz), mmWave signals are more fragile; indeed, the propagation losses are significantly higher. In this article we present an mmWave system for supporting uncompressed HD video up to 3 Gb/s. The system includes various efficient error protection and concealment schemes …
Optimal Resource Management In The Presence Of A Deleterious Alien Species: A Stochastic Model For An Orchard, Amitrajeet A. Batabyal, Peter Nijkamp
Optimal Resource Management In The Presence Of A Deleterious Alien Species: A Stochastic Model For An Orchard, Amitrajeet A. Batabyal, Peter Nijkamp
Articles
Various plants and resources such as orchards are vulnerable to the detrimental effects of successful invasions by alien animal or plant species. To outline an appropriate policy response, we first use renewal theory to construct a stochastic model of optimal orchard management in the presence of a deleterious alien species. Next, we derive the orchard manager’s long run expected cost (LREC) of orchard management per unit time. Finally, we show that when confronted with a successful biological invasion, the optimal number of trees that need to be removed and replanted in order to keep the orchard under study sustainable in …
John C. H. Wu At The University Of Michigan School Of Law, Xiuqing Li
John C. H. Wu At The University Of Michigan School Of Law, Xiuqing Li
Articles
The following is an English language translation of a 2008 Chinese language article on John C.H. Wu, Soochow Law School LL.B. 1920 and Michigan Law School, J.D. 1921, by Professor Li Xiuqing of Shanghai's East China University of Political Science and Law. Li is a specialist in Chinese and foreign legal history, with a focus on the transplant of Western and Japanese law into China during the late imperial and modern era. She also serves as the Secretary-General of the China Foreign Legal History Association. In 2006-07, Li was a Fulbright Scholar at the University of Michigan Law School, where …
Dissertation Citations In Organismal Biology At Southern Illinois University At Carbondale: Implications For Collection Development, Jonathan Nabe, Andrea Imre
Dissertation Citations In Organismal Biology At Southern Illinois University At Carbondale: Implications For Collection Development, Jonathan Nabe, Andrea Imre
Articles
We report on a citation analysis of PhD dissertations in Plant Biology and Zoology at Southern Illinois University Carbondale, undertaken to test the common assumption that scientists favor current research to such an extent that journal backfiles can be de-emphasized in academic library collections. Results demonstrate otherwise. The study is reproducible for any institution, and can help to evaluate 1) the value of electronic journal backfiles and 2) the need to maintain print backfiles.
High Accuracy Imaging Polarimetry With Nicmos, Daniel Batcheldor, G. Schneider, D.C. Hines, G. D. Schmidt, David J. Axon, Andew Robinson, W. Sparks, C. Tadhunter
High Accuracy Imaging Polarimetry With Nicmos, Daniel Batcheldor, G. Schneider, D.C. Hines, G. D. Schmidt, David J. Axon, Andew Robinson, W. Sparks, C. Tadhunter
Articles
The ability of NICMOS to perform high accuracy polarimetry is currently hampered by an uncalibrated residual instrumental polarization at a level of 1.2−1.5%. To better quantify and characterize this residual we obtained observations of three polarimetric standard stars at three separate space-craft roll angles. Combined with archival data, these observations were used to characterize the residual instrumental polarization to enable NICMOS to reach its full polarimetric potential. Using these data, we calculate values of the parallel transmission coefficients that reproduce the ground-based results for the polarimetric standards. The uncertainties associated with the parallel transmission coefficients, a result of the photometric …
The Politics Of Economic Performance, And The Trade Union Movement, 1970-1982, John Hogan, Gary Murphy
The Politics Of Economic Performance, And The Trade Union Movement, 1970-1982, John Hogan, Gary Murphy
Articles
Here we argue that the relationship between the main Irish political parties and the trade unions, in the 1970s, was largely based upon political imperatives, with an economic subtext. The absence of strong ideological difference between the two largest Irish political parties meant they were willing to deal with the trade union moment in a somewhat similar fashion. At the start of the 1970s, the Fianna Fail government prodded the ICTU into a “voluntary” national wage agreement. This agreement was regarded as a means of stabilising the economy, attracting foreign investment, and improving Fianna Fail’s image with the electorate. While …
Critical Junctures? Privatization Policy In Brazil And Argentina At The Start Of The Century, John Hogan
Critical Junctures? Privatization Policy In Brazil And Argentina At The Start Of The Century, John Hogan
Articles
This paper uses the critical junctures framework developed by Hogan and Doyle (2007) to determine if there were critical junctures in privatization policy in Brazil and Argentina at the start of the 21st century. The framework constitutes a rigorous approach to the identification of crisis, ideational change, and policy change. It is used to examine the economic disasters in Brazil in 1999 and Argentina in 2001. Previously, we would have had to wait decades before making such an assessment, as there were few tools with which to identify critical junctures, and these were usually only effective long after the event.
Guidance Booklet On Safe Handling Of Nanoparticles, Declan Mccormack, Norbert Malanowski, Paul Sermon, Juergen Hoeck
Guidance Booklet On Safe Handling Of Nanoparticles, Declan Mccormack, Norbert Malanowski, Paul Sermon, Juergen Hoeck
Articles
Nanotechnologies are a fast evolving scientific and technological field with a high potential impact on science, economy and society. Like with all new and quickly developing technologies it is important to weigh benefits versus risks at the earliest possible convenience. Building on the results of the ImPart project, this booklet is intended to give a review of the actual knowledge in the field of nanospecific risks, deriving recommendations for the safe handling of nanoparticles for executives in industry, public organizations and NGOs. This booklet is also intended to give an outlook on possible developments in the near future and "life …
Plasma-Controlled Metal Catalyst Saturation And The Initial Stage Of Carbon Nanostructure Array Growth, Igor Levchenko, Ken Ostrikov, Davide Mariotti, Anthony Bruce Murphy
Plasma-Controlled Metal Catalyst Saturation And The Initial Stage Of Carbon Nanostructure Array Growth, Igor Levchenko, Ken Ostrikov, Davide Mariotti, Anthony Bruce Murphy
Articles
The kinetics of the nucleation and growth of carbon nanotube and nanocone arrays on Ni catalyst nanoparticles on a silicon surface exposed to a low-temperature plasma are investigated numerically, using a complex model that includes surface diffusion and ion motion equations. It is found that the degree of ionization of the carbon flux strongly affects the kinetics of nanotube and nanocone nucleation on partially saturated catalyst patterns. The use of highly ionized carbon flux allows formation of a nanotube array with a very narrow height distribution of half-width 7 nm. Similar results are obtained for carbon nanocone arrays, with an …
Missed Opportunities For Children?:An Exploration Of The Impact Of New Funding Mechanisms For Early Childhood Education And Care (Ecec) In Ireland, Bernie O'Donoghue Hynes, Noirin Hayes, Siobhan Bradley
Missed Opportunities For Children?:An Exploration Of The Impact Of New Funding Mechanisms For Early Childhood Education And Care (Ecec) In Ireland, Bernie O'Donoghue Hynes, Noirin Hayes, Siobhan Bradley
Articles
This presentation begins with a review of the overall funding structure for early childhood education and care in Ireland. It moves on to look in detail at the impact of the changes to the social inclusion funding measures. It concludes with a review of the reaction of various Irish stakeholders to these changes that have resulted in a 'missed opportunities for children'.
Helicobacter Pylori-Induced Inhibition Of Vascular Endothelial Cell Functions: A Role For Vaca-Dependent Nitric Oxide Reduction, Nicholas P. Toblin, Gary Henehan, Ronan P. Murphy, John P. Atherton, Anthony F. Guinan, Steven W. Kerrigan, Dermot Cox, Paul A. Cahill, Philip M. Cummins
Helicobacter Pylori-Induced Inhibition Of Vascular Endothelial Cell Functions: A Role For Vaca-Dependent Nitric Oxide Reduction, Nicholas P. Toblin, Gary Henehan, Ronan P. Murphy, John P. Atherton, Anthony F. Guinan, Steven W. Kerrigan, Dermot Cox, Paul A. Cahill, Philip M. Cummins
Articles
Epidemiological and clinical studies provide compelling support for a causal relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and endothelial dysfunction, leading to vascular diseases. However, clear biochemical evidence for this association is limited. In the present study, we have conducted a comprehensive investigation of endothelial injury in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) induced by H. pylori-conditioned medium (HPCM) prepared from H. pylori 60190 [vacuolating cytotoxin A (Vac(+))]. BAECs were treated with either unconditioned media, HPCM (0-25% vol/vol), or Escherichia coli-conditioned media for 24 h, and cell functions were monitored. Vac(+) HPCM significantly decreased BAEC proliferation, tube formation, and migration (by up to …
The World Of The Framers: A Christian Nation?, Geoffrey R. Stone
The World Of The Framers: A Christian Nation?, Geoffrey R. Stone
Articles
No abstract provided.
Hedonic Adaptation And The Settlement Of Civil Lawsuits, Jonathan Masur, John Bronsteen, Christopher Buccafusco
Hedonic Adaptation And The Settlement Of Civil Lawsuits, Jonathan Masur, John Bronsteen, Christopher Buccafusco
Articles
This Essay examines the burgeoning psychological literature on happiness and hedonic adaptation (a person's capacity to preserve or recapture her level of happiness by adjusting to changed circumstances), bringing this literature to bear on the probability of pretrial settlement in civil litigation. The existing economic and behavioral models of settlement are incomplete because they do not incorporate the effect of adaptation on the sum for which a plaintiff is willing to accept an offer. When an individual first suffers a serious injury, she will likely predict that the injury will greatly diminish her future happiness. However, during the time that …
Synthesis And Antimicrobial Evaluation Of Carbohydrate And Polyhydroxylated Non-Carbohydrate Fatty Acid Ester And Ether Derivatives, Aoife Smith, Patricia Nobmann, Gary Henehan, Paula Bourke, Julie Dunne
Synthesis And Antimicrobial Evaluation Of Carbohydrate And Polyhydroxylated Non-Carbohydrate Fatty Acid Ester And Ether Derivatives, Aoife Smith, Patricia Nobmann, Gary Henehan, Paula Bourke, Julie Dunne
Articles
A series of fatty acid ester and ether derivatives have been chemically synthesised based on carbohydrate and non-carbohydrate polyhydroxylated scaffolds. The synthesised compounds, along with their corresponding fatty acid monoglyceride antimicrobials, were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Of the derivatives synthesised several of the carbohydrate based compounds have antimicrobial efficacy comparable with commercially available antimicrobials. The results suggest that the nature of the carbohydrate core plays a role in the efficacy of carbohydrate fatty acid derivatives as antimicrobials.
Reducing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: Oceans Provide A Huge Opportunity For Sequestration, Jules Chiavaroli
Reducing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: Oceans Provide A Huge Opportunity For Sequestration, Jules Chiavaroli
Articles
The scientific community is fairly unified in their assessment of climatological change. It is happening primarily as the result of excess carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere produced by unrelenting world industrialization. If it continues unabated it will cause major physical changes to the earth that will dramatically alter how mankind lives. And, the world has until the middle of this century to cap CO2 levels short of where they will cause this irreversible change. For many experts involved in this issue, actively reducing existing CO2 levels is a necessary component for a total solution to the problem. This paper …
Hand-Held Flyback Driven Coaxial Dielectric Barrier Discharge: Development And Characterization, Victor J. Law, Vladimir Milosavljevic, Neil O’Connor, James F. Lalor, Steven Daniels
Hand-Held Flyback Driven Coaxial Dielectric Barrier Discharge: Development And Characterization, Victor J. Law, Vladimir Milosavljevic, Neil O’Connor, James F. Lalor, Steven Daniels
Articles
The development of a handheld single and triple chamber atmospheric pressure coaxial dielectric barrier discharge driven by Flyback circuitry for helium and argon discharges is described. The Flyback uses external metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor power switching technology and the transformer operates in the continuous current mode to convert a continuous dc power of 10–33 W to generate a 1.2–1.6 kV 3.5 μs pulse. An argon discharge breakdown voltage of ∼768 V is measured. With a 50 kHz, pulse repetition rate and an argon flow rate of 0.5–10 argon slm (slm denotes standard liters per minute), the electrical power density deposited in …
Three-Body Equations Of Motion In Successive Post-Newtonian Approximations, Carlos O. Lousto, Hiroyuki Nakano
Three-Body Equations Of Motion In Successive Post-Newtonian Approximations, Carlos O. Lousto, Hiroyuki Nakano
Articles
There are periodic solutions to the equal-mass three-body (and N-body) problem in Newtonian gravity. The figure-eight solution is one of them. In this paper, we discuss its solution in the first and second post-Newtonian approximations to General Relativity. To do so we derive the canonical equations of motion in the ADM gauge from the three-body Hamiltonian. We then integrate those equations numerically, showing that quantities such as the energy, linear and angular momenta are conserved down to numerical error. We also study the scaling of the initial parameters with the physical size of the triple system. In this way we …
A Web-Based And Mobile Environmental Management System, James Carswell, Keith Gardiner, Michela Bertolotto, Andrea Rizzini, A Mandrak
A Web-Based And Mobile Environmental Management System, James Carswell, Keith Gardiner, Michela Bertolotto, Andrea Rizzini, A Mandrak
Articles
This paper describes a Web-based and mobile system specifically developed to monitor fish species at risk. Such a system integrates spatial functionality to allow users not only to visualise maps and metadata of the area of concern but also to perform context-aware queries and updating of spatial datasets. The spatial datasets are provided by the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) and the prototype is customised to the specific needs of the Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences (GLLFAS) Fish Habitat Section requirements for fish species at risk assessment. Currently, researchers, habitat biologists and enforcement officers have …
Equi-Biaxial Fatigue Of Elastomers: The Effect Of Oil Swelling On Fatigue Life, Stephen Jerrams, John Hanley, Niall Murphy, Ali Hassan
Equi-Biaxial Fatigue Of Elastomers: The Effect Of Oil Swelling On Fatigue Life, Stephen Jerrams, John Hanley, Niall Murphy, Ali Hassan
Articles
The effect of oil swelling on the fatigue life of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) has been studied under conditions of equi-biaxial cycling using dynamic bubble inflation. Specimens were subjected to varying degrees of swelling in reference mineral oils and fatigued at constant engineering stress amplitudes. The reference oils used for swelling the EPDM had known aniline points, allowing the rubber-oil compatibility to be determined. The inflation fluid for fatigue testing was selected with a solubility parameter that would produce a desired level of incompatibility with the test specimens, thereby limiting the amount of additional swelling during cycling. Wöhler …
Correlation Of Vibrational Intensity With Fluorescence Lifetimes In Π Conjugated Polymers, Luke O'Neill, Patrick Lynch, Mary Mcnamara, Hugh Byrne
Correlation Of Vibrational Intensity With Fluorescence Lifetimes In Π Conjugated Polymers, Luke O'Neill, Patrick Lynch, Mary Mcnamara, Hugh Byrne
Articles
A series of novel pi (p) conjugated polymers, originating from the archetypical Polyphenylene vinylene, in which the phenyl units are successively replaced by the larger naphthyl and anthryl acene units, were previously found to have a well-defined relationship between their relative fluorescence yields and their vibrational characteristics, as determined by Raman spectroscopy. In this study the Strickler–Berg equation is used to probe the influence of continual substitution of higher order acene units into the conjugated backbone in terms of the variation of the radiative and non-radiative rates. The deconvolution of the radiative and non-radiative rates enables the correlation of the …
Inhibition Of Adhesion Of Streptococcus Mutans To Hydroxylapatite By Commercial Dairy Powders And Individual Milk Proteins, Rachel Halpin, Maeve O'Connor, Dolores O'Riordan, Michael O'Sullivan, Damien Brady
Inhibition Of Adhesion Of Streptococcus Mutans To Hydroxylapatite By Commercial Dairy Powders And Individual Milk Proteins, Rachel Halpin, Maeve O'Connor, Dolores O'Riordan, Michael O'Sullivan, Damien Brady
Articles
The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of various dairy powders and milk constituents on the adhesion of a clinical isolate of Streptococcus mutans to hydroxylapatite (HA), an analogue of tooth enamel. Adhesion of a microorganism to a cell surface such as epithelial cells or tooth enamel is considered to be the first step in pathogenesis. Inhibiting this process may have therapeutic effects in vivo. The adherence assays were performed by incubating S. mutans with HA in the presence of each test material for 45 min, followed by centrifugal separation of the HA. Unbound bacteria were …
Environmental Limits On The Nonresonant Cosmic-Ray Current-Driven Instability, Brian Reville, John Kirk, Peter Duffy, Stephen O'Sullivan
Environmental Limits On The Nonresonant Cosmic-Ray Current-Driven Instability, Brian Reville, John Kirk, Peter Duffy, Stephen O'Sullivan
Articles
We investigate the so-called nonresonant cosmic-ray streaming instability, first discussed by Bell (2004). The extent to which thermal damping and ion-neutral collisions reduce the growth of this instability is calculated. Limits on the growth of the nonresonant mode in SN1006 and RX J1713.7-3946 are presented.
A Technique For Characterization Of Dimensional Changes In Slanted Holographic Gratings By Monitoring The Angular Selectivity Profile, Nitesh Pandey, Izabela Naydenova, Suzanne Martin, Vincent Toal
A Technique For Characterization Of Dimensional Changes In Slanted Holographic Gratings By Monitoring The Angular Selectivity Profile, Nitesh Pandey, Izabela Naydenova, Suzanne Martin, Vincent Toal
Articles
A method has been developed for retrieving the complete angular selectivity profile of transmission holographic gratings in one step. The method is applied to study in real time the shrinkage and changes in the effective optical thickness of a slanted holographic grating recorded in an acrylamide-based photopolymer. It can form the basis of a holographic sensor of analytes that cause a thickness change in the holographic medium. It can also be useful for the study and optimization of holographic recording materials and for quality control during production of holographic optical elements.
Some Rather Mechanical Reflections On Symmetry: In Art, Science, Engineering, Mathematics, Etc., Jim Mcgovern
Some Rather Mechanical Reflections On Symmetry: In Art, Science, Engineering, Mathematics, Etc., Jim Mcgovern
Articles
This Inaugural Lecture consists of some of my rather mechanical, being an engineer, reflections on symmetry in diverse areas such as art, science, engineering, mathematics, etc. I explain what symmetry is to me, giving examples with lots of images and mentioning or at least barely referencing art, science, architecture, engineering, heritage, cosmology, bicycles, flight, invention, ingenuity, history, wallpaper, mathematics, typography, structures, regular shapes, coordinate systems, spacetime, thermodynamics and suchlike.