Digital Commons Network^™

Paths In Graphs, Béla Bollobás, Amites Sarkar

Mathematics Faculty Publications

We prove that if 10 ≦ (^k₂) ≦ m < (^k+1₂) then the number of paths of length three in a graph G of size m is at most 2m(m – k)(k - 2)/k. Equality is attained if G is the union of K_k and isolated vertices. We also give asymptotically best possible bounds for the maximal number of paths of length s, for arbitrary s, in graphs of size m. Lastly, we discuss the more general problem of maximizing the number of subgraphs …

Klipsun Magazine, 2000, Volume 31, Issue 07 - December, Scott Lamont

Klipsun Magazine

No abstract provided.

Huxley Hotline, 2000, November 17, Kate Koch, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

Historical Collection of Huxley Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Huxley Hotline, 2000, November 8, Kate Koch, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

Historical Collection of Huxley Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Nutrient Enrichment On Growth And Phlorotannin Production In Fucus Gardneri Embryos, Kathryn L. Van Alstyne Dr., Karen N. Pelletreau

Shannon Point Marine Center Faculty Publications

Resource-allocation models predict trade-offs between growth and chemical defense. The carbon/nutrient balance hypothesis (CNBH) predicts that plants will allocate carbon to growth when nutrients are abundant and allocate it to carbon-based antiherbivore defenses when nutrients are limiting. In marine systems, field and laboratory tests of the CNBH with phlorotannin-producing algae have generally supported the predictions of the model. However, these tests have all measured phlorotannin concentrations in adult algae rather than juveniles, which are susceptible to higher

Employer Perspectives On Western Graduates, Linda D. (Linda Darlene) Clark, Pamela Jull, Gary (Gary Russell) Mckinney, Carl Simpson

Office of Institutional Effectiveness

This report describes the performance of Western graduates in employment around Washington State. In addition, it describes the quality of the job market Western graduates have entered in recent years, and employer perspectives on employment opportunities and problems in Washington State.

Window On Western, 2000, Volume 07, Issue 01, Kathy D. Sheehan, Alumni, Foundation, And Public Information Offices, Western Washington University

Window on Western

No abstract provided.

The Planet, 2000, Fall, Tiffany Campbell, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

Burning Characteristics Of Big Leaf Maple, Red Alder, And Black Cottonwood Leaves, Elizabeth Ralston

WWU Honors College Senior Projects

The leaves from three Northwest deciduous trees were burned to compare flammability of nonwoody fuels. The following characteristics were measured in a completely randomized design ANOVA: maximum flame height, flame time, ember time, burn time, percent combusted, and mean rate of weight loss. The burning characteristics examined address important aspects of nonwoody fuel flammability in deciduous forests. My data indicated that alder, cottonwood, and maple leaves create a consumable fuel load that could support a moderate intensity, sustainable fire. The data were compared to a previous study of burning characteristics needles of Pacific Northwest conifers (Fonda et al. 1998). Deciduous …

State School Systems And Language Rights, Laura Mariko Cheifetz

WWU Honors College Senior Projects

This paper discusses the issue of language rights, examining the struggle for power between state school systems and parents over children’s education, specifically language rights. An examination of state statutes regarding bilingual education, and state department of education web pages for the lower 48 states revealed that all states provide bilingual education for limited-English proficient students, or LEP students. The indicator of language rights the paper uses is parental approval, the extent of the authority that parents have over their child’s presence in bilingual education classes as stated in state statutes. Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), we attempt to explain …

King County Environmental Laboratory Internship Report, Kristen Weatherford

WWU Honors College Senior Projects

The goal of the Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, otherwise known as the Clean Water Act (CWA), is to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the waters of the United States. The CWA includes national policies to prohibit discharge of toxic pollutants, and to fund publicly owned wastewater treatment facilities (Cornell 2000).

The CWA prohibits discharge of pollutants by any person through a point source into U.S. waters unless that person has a National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit. NPDES permits include limits on what can be discharged, and monitoring and reporting requirements. The …

The Effect Of Antibacterial Agents Triclosan And N-Alkyl On E. Coli Viability, Heidi Nielsen

WWU Honors College Senior Projects

Within a society concerned with the spread of infectious disease, many common cleaning products boast high germ mortality rates. Consumers have learned to trust marketed disinfectants to protect them from disease causing microbes. While "antibacterial'' sells in the consumer pursuit of cleanliness, concerns regarding the overuse of antibacterial agents have recently arisen. Bacteria have the ability to mutate and become resistant to antibiotics. Resistant mutations can result from prolonged or repeated exposure of the bacteria to the antibiotic. Theoretically, the genes that code for resistance negatively affect the bacteria's fitness. It is expected that a change in a gene's normal …

Better Read That Again: Web Hoaxes And Misinformation, Paul S. Piper

Paul S Piper

This article examines Internet hoaxes and teaches students to critique Internet sources.

Klipsun Magazine, 2000, Volume 30, Issue 06 - September, Kari Mcginnis

Klipsun Magazine

No abstract provided.

On Singular Critical Points Of Positive Operators In Krein Spaces, Branko Ćurgus, Aurelian Gheondea, H. Langer

Mathematics Faculty Publications

We give an example of a positive operator B in a Krein space with the following properties: the nonzero spectrum of B consists of isolated simple eigenvalues, the norms of the orthogonal spectral projections in the Krein space onto the eigenspaces of B are uniformly bounded and the point ∞ is a singular critical point of B.

Wired At Western: Computer Technology At Western Washington University, Gary (Gary Russell) Mckinney

Office of Institutional Effectiveness

A summary of findings from various surveys delving into the issue of how computer savvy WWU faculty and students might be.

Continuous Sampling Of Hydrothermal Fluids From Loihi Seamount After The 1996 Event, Craig L. Moyer, C. Geoffrey Wheat, Hans W. Jannasch, Josh N. Plant, Francis J. Sansone, Gary M. Mcmurtry

Biology Faculty and Staff Publications

For at least 9 years prior to July 1996, hydrothermal fluids flowed from Pele's Vents on Loihi Seamount, Hawaii. In July–August 1996 a tectonic-volcanic event occurred that destroyed Pele's Vents, creating a pit crater (Pele's Pit) and several sites with hydrothermal venting. In October 1996 we deployed two new continuous water samplers (OsmoSamplers) at two of these hydrothermal sites and collected fluids using traditional sampling techniques to monitor the evolution of crustal and hydrothermal conditions after the event. The samplers were recovered in September 1997, and additional discrete vent fluid samples were collected. The OsmoSampler located along the south rift …

The Crucible: How The Lima Hostages Crisis Illuminates Differences In Japanese And Peruvian Crisis Management, Elizabeth Smith

WWU Honors College Senior Projects

The cocktail party planned at the Lima, Peru home of Japanese envoy Morihisa Aoki was not meant to be exceptional. The event, scheduled for December 17, 1996, was intended as a relaxed, pre-holiday celebration of Emperor Akihito’s 63rd birthday. The diplomatic officials of most embassies in Lima were invited for light cocktails and pre-Christmas conversation. No business was planned for the evening, and many of the officials in attendance brought their spouses, most of whom were well acquainted after years of circulating among similar gatherings. Approximately 600 people attended the party arriving throughout the early evening. A few minutes past …

Tales From A College Intern: National Information Center For Ecology (Nice), Shannon Ashurst

WWU Honors College Senior Projects

Nearing my graduation from Western Washington University's Huxley College of Environmental Studies, I found myself seeking out an internship. Glancing through the various internship postings, I encountered a promising flyer: a local non-profit group called the National Information Center for Ecology (NICE) needed help with grant writing and habitat restoration projects around Bellingham. As a college student, I appreciate the value of obtaining funds, and since I plan to pursue graduate school, grant writing seemed a valuable skill to learn. Additionally, as an environmental science major, I believe firmly in restoring threatened and endangered habitats. Thus, this internship seemed right …

Statecraft Through Economic Coercion: Applying The Conflict Expectations Model To China And Cuba, Heather Meade

WWU Honors College Senior Projects

For centuries governments implemented trade sanctions as a mechanism to coerce the actions and policy of other foreign governments (Huffbauer, Schott, Elliot 1985). The sender country employs sanctions to cripple the economy of the targeted country by taking over an essential percentage of a countries foreign trade, forcing the target country to cave into the sender’s policy demand. In spite of a lengthy history, the United States is still undecided as to how and when it should employ its economic arsenal. Questions about what causes a successful economic coercion episode and when they should be utilized remain unanswered. The 106*^ …

Solar Damage To The Solitary Ascidian, Corella Inflata, Brian L. Bingham, Adam M. Reitzel

Environmental Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications

The ascidian Corella inflata (Chordata, Ascidiacea) is common in many areas of Puget Sound, Washington, USA. However, it occurs only in habitats where it is protected from direct sunlight. Previous experiments with artificial lights showed that UV irradiation kills all life stages of this animal. The effects of natural sunlight exposure (measuring survival of adults, juveniles, larvae, and embryos) were compared. We partitioned the light spectrum to separate the effects of UVB, UVA, and visible light (PAR). Natural sunlight severely damaged C. inflata. Adults and juveniles died after 2-5 d. Exposed embryos failed to develop normally and larvae did …

Klipsun Magazine, 2000, Volume 30, Issue 05 - June, Kari Mcginnis

Klipsun Magazine

No abstract provided.

Freshmen Interest Group (Fig) Report, Kris Bulcroft, Gary (Gary Russell) Mckinney

Office of Institutional Effectiveness

Summary and analysis of FIGs-related data, including survey and Student Tracking System data.

A Profile Of The 1999 Western Washington University Graduating Class, Gary (Gary Russell) Mckinney, Joseph E. Trimble, Evelyn Albrecht

Office of Institutional Effectiveness

Information on Western graduates of a given year: grades, retention, GEI, athletes, time-to-degree issues, demographics, college, degree, transfer facts, and predictors of academic success (regression analysis).

Information Literacy: An Overview, Robin Angeley, Jeff Purdue

Office of Institutional Effectiveness

A 'White Paper' that defines information literacy and explores its impact on teaching and learning.

1999-00 (3 Quarters & Aya) Sch & Fte Faculty Reports, Ernest Sams

Office of Institutional Effectiveness

Student Credit Hours; GUR Courses; Sections; FTE Faculty Allocated and Used; Compare with 1 year ago; Measures per FTE Faculty.

Klipsun Magazine, 2000, Volume 30, Issue 04 - April, Kari Mcginnis

Klipsun Magazine

No abstract provided.

The Size Distribution Of Dust Toward Hd 210121 As Determined From Extinction, Kristen A. Larson, M. J. Wolff, W. G. Roberge, D. C. B. Whittet, L. He

Physics & Astronomy

Several observations suggest that the molecular cloud toward HD 210121 contains an enhanced relative abundance of small dust grains. In particular, the value of the ratio of total-to-selective extinction (R_v) is unusually low. In this paper, we estimate the size distribution of dust grains in this line of sight from the extinction curve observed in the near-infrared through the ultraviolet. We use the maximum entropy method (MEM) to find the smoothest possible size distribution consistent within a χ² confidence level fit to the extinction data. While MEM has been shown to be a powerful tool in …

Public Participation: Relevance And Application In The National Park Service, Thomas Webler

Environmental Studies Faculty and Staff Publications

Government agencies are under increased pressure to conduct policy planning and decision-making activities in more transparent and inclusive ways. The clear trend is toward broader and more frequent public involvement and collaboration. For example, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service organizes deliberation among stakeholders for endangered species recovery planning (Clark et al. 1994, Clark and Wallace 1998). The Army Corps of Engineers has experimented with a variety of collaborative problem solving and public participation techniques (Creighton et al. 1998). The U.S. Forest Service continues implementation of a variety of approaches to public participation, including “collaborative learning” and adaptive management planning …

Window On Western, 2000, Volume 06, Issue 03, Kathy Sheehan, Alumni, Foundation, And Public Information Offices, Western Washington University

Window on Western

No abstract provided.