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Expression Of Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Drug Metabolizing Enzymes In Diabetes And Diabetic Nephropathy, Cheng Jay Fang

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The prevalence of diabetes worldwide is rapidly increasing. Polypharmacy, along with a high risk of adverse drug reactions, is common in diabetic patients. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A and 2C drug metabolizing enzymes are reduced in chronic kidney disease (CKD), altering drug pharmacokinetics and contributing to adverse drug reactions. A large fraction of commonly prescribed drugs are metabolized by CYP3A and CYP2C. Approximately 40% of all CKD cases are attributed to diabetic nephropathy (DN) and early DN presents as mild kidney disease. This study aims to evaluate the impact of diabetes and DN on levels and activity of hepatic CYP3A and …

The Indigenous Determinants Of Health As Predictors For Diabetes And Unmet Health Needs Among Urban Indigenous People: A Respondent-Driven Sampling Study In Toronto, Ontario, Stephanie Rachael Mcconkey

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

National statistics commonly present Indigenous peoples as a falsely homogenous group of people experiencing disproportionate ill health when compared to non-Indigenous peoples. There are significant gaps in statistical information regarding the health services access barriers experienced by Indigenous people that disrupts the quality of care they receive or prevents them from accessing care altogether. Our Health Counts Toronto is a community-based study that employed respondent-driven sampling (RDS) methodologies to sample 917 urban Indigenous adults. Prevalence estimates and prevalence ratios were calculated using RDS-II weights and adjusting for clustering by shared recruiter in SAS 9.4 and SAS-callable SUDAAN 11.0 software. This …

Increased Mitochondrial Calpain-1 Is An Important Mechanism Contributing To Mitochondrial Ros Generation In Cardiac Diseases, Rui Ni

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Both calpain activation and excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac diseases. We investigated whether and how calpain regulates mtROS generation in mediating cardiac diseases.

In mouse models of streptozotocin-induced type-1 diabetes and lipopolysaccharides- induced sepsis, we show that the protein levels of calpain-1 and calpain activities in mitochondria were significantly elevated in diabetic and septic hearts. The elevation of mitochondrial calpain-1 correlated with an increase in mtROS generation and oxidative damage. Importantly, cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of capns1 disrupted calpain-1 and calpain-2 in the heart and prevented mtROS generation in both septic and diabetic …

Exploring Quality Improvement For Diabetes Care: A Multiple Case Study Of Primary Care Teams In First Nations Communities In Canada, Meghan Fournie

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Clinical quality improvement (QI) teams from First Nations communities across Canada participated in an 18-month QI collaborative program called the TransFORmation of IndiGEnous Primary HEAlthcare Delivery (FORGE AHEAD) clinical QI initiative. Community-based participatory research and multiple case study methodologies were utilized to explore the experience of two clinical QI teams from diverse primary care settings in First Nations communities as they engaged in developing and implementing changes in practice to improve the quality of diabetes care. This study provides insight into how clinical QI teams drew upon multiple sources of knowledge and information to inform their QI activities, the importance …

It's About Time! Gdm: A Transformative Postpartum Process. A Constructivist Grounded Theory Study, Natalie Giannotti

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Abstract

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first diagnosis during pregnancy, and affects 3.7%-18% of Canadian women (Canadian Diabetes Association, 2013). Social support can help women with a history of GDM be successful in achieving optimal health postpartum. The purpose of this constructivist grounded theory (GT) study (Charmaz, 2011) was twofold: (1) To explore the social support processes of women with a history of GDM as they navigate through the healthcare system postpartum, to restore and maintain their health, and (2) To critically examine facilitating factors and barriers to engaging in health behaviours within …

Development Of Nanostructured Glucose Biosensor, Longyi Chen

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

With the development of nanotechnology and nanomaterials, biosensors incorporated with novel nanomaterials and nanostructures have shown significant potential in point-of-care medical devices because of their rapid interaction with target analytes and their miniaturized systems. Nanomaterials and nanostructures with special chemical, physical and biological characteristics are able to enhance biosensors’ performance in terms of sensitivity and selectivity. Therefore, my study focused on development of special nanostructures used for advanced glucose biosensor. Monitoring of blood glucose level is essential for diabetes management. However, current methods require people with diabetes to have blood test with 5-8 times per day. Compared to other methods, …