Groundwater Governance And Agricultural Sustainability: Examining Farmer Interactions With California’S Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, Zachary Matthew Goldstein

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Climate change has exacerbated groundwater depletion globally, and policymakers have struggled to effectively manage groundwater resources. California enacted the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) in 2014 to restore groundwater to sustainable levels.

The first paper of this thesis examines the drivers associated with uptake of groundwater conservation practices in agriculture. While a rich body of research has explored farmers’ conservation practice adoption, understanding of groundwater conservation practices is more limited. This study explores how information sources influence the actual and intended adoption of groundwater management practices in California. Using survey data from farmers (n = 553) in three largely agricultural …

Hina Hanta: The Circle Of Metacognition, Tina Bly

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

The articles of this dissertation combine to make an autobiographical written study, a Scholarly Personal Narrative of life writing. The work culminates with a research study by way of a Talking Circle among a group of scholarly elders who gathered to share guidance for Indigenous scholars navigating colonial structures in our sites of knowledge production. Utilizing a Mixed-Methods approach, this sharing was transcribed, coded, and examined via Western thematic analysis. Through stories, casting an international light, analyses reveal a work of written guidance not only for Indigenous scholars, but also for education stakeholders, for those claiming diversity, equity, and inclusion, …

Mental Health In America: The Case Of Uvm And Collegiate Mental Health Services, Elias Anders Colberg

UVM Patrick Leahy Honors College Senior Theses

Abstract:

Introduction:

The Centre for Mental Health (CMH) cites evidence that “60% of disability experienced by those aged 15-34 years is caused by mental illness; as such, it represents a major burden of disease for this age group and should be a public health improvement priority (Khan, 2016).” This thesis aspires to provide an overview of the current mental healthcare systems, and their known weaknesses, within the United States and its colleges and universities before delving into the specific mental healthcare systems and issues at the University of Vermont (UVM). I then aim to offer potential improvements for UVM’s mental …

Forging A New Freedom Trail: The Path To Black-White Wealth Equity In Boston, Emma J. Staff

UVM Patrick Leahy Honors College Senior Theses

The City of Boston has a Black-white wealth gap that is significantly larger than the national wealth gap. The gap stems from historical and political events which have created racial disparities in the socio-economic factors that influence wealth. The wealth gap violates the societal goals of life, safety, liberty, equality, democracy, property, and happiness. This paper explores data on wealth in Boston, describes factors that influence the wealth gap, and analyzes policy options. This analysis demonstrates a need for the City of Boston and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to address the Black-white wealth gap by expanding the existing Boston …

Development Of Hospital-Wide Policy For Pediatric Needle Procedures At An Academic Medical Center, Katherine J. Rose

College of Nursing and Health Sciences Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Project Publications

Purpose: Needle procedures are traumatic experiences for pediatric patients, and have been linked to formation of phobias and lifelong decreased healthcare utilization.^1,2 Pain management during needle procedures and hospital wide standardization of needle procedures are known to increase patient satisfaction, while decreasing long-term adverse outcomes related to seeking health care.^3,4 The purpose of this project was to develop a hospital-wide standardized policy for pediatric needle procedures at an academic medical center.

Methods: Those performing pediatric needle procedures were electronically surveyed to identify full spectrum issues regarding adoption of a pediatric needle policy. Based on survey findings …

Environmental Health Disparities In Vermont, Julia Selle

UVM Patrick Leahy Honors College Senior Theses

Vermont is one of eight states in the United States without an environmental justice policy. In order to help inform an environmental justice policy for Vermont, this research examined the self-reported environmental and health experiences of Vermont residents by gender, race, income, and residence. 569 surveys were collected throughout the summer of 2019 through door-to-door surveying in low-income communities, mobile home parks, and communities with high environmental burdens identified through a spatial analysis. SPSS statistics was used for data analysis, using cross-tabs and binomial logistic regression in order to determine trends and significance within the data. Data analysis revealed that …

Farmer Perceptions And Behaviors Related To Wildlife And On-Farm Conservation Actions, Sara M. Kross, Katherine P. Ingram, Rachael F. Long, Meredith T. Niles

College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Faculty Publications

Conservation Letters published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Policy makers are increasingly encouraging farmers to protect or enhance habitat on their farms for wildlife conservation. However, a lack of knowledge of farmers’ opinions toward wildlife can lead to poor integration of conservation measures. We surveyed farmers to assess their perceptions of ecosystem services and disservices from perching birds, raptors, and bats—three taxa commonly targeted by conservation measures. The majority of farmers thought that perching birds and bats were beneficial for insect pest control and that raptors were beneficial for vertebrate pest control; however, fruit farmers viewed perching birds more negatively than …

Forest Carbon Projects In The Ukrainian Carpathians: An Assessment Of Potential Community Impacts And Benefits, Amanda R. Egan, William S. Keeton, Cecilia M. Danks, Ihor Soloviy, Asim Zia

Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources Faculty Publications

Reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD+) is a frequently promoted climate change mitigation strategy. As forest carbon projects proceed, we are learning how they affect local sovereignty and resource access, particularly in developing economies. Central and Eastern Europe’s temperate forests offer potential for projects, yet little is known about how the sociopolitical context of these transitional economies may influence project success. In this article, we enhance understanding of potential community impacts and explore opportunities for fair benefit distribution in Ukraine’s Carpathian Mountain region. Through a thematic qualitative and interpretive analysis of interviews and observational data, we: (1) describe what …

Conserving Vermont's Endangered Species Through Designation Of Critical Habitat, Amanda M. Ramsing-Lund

Environmental Studies Electronic Thesis Collection

Although the Endangered Species Act of 1973 is federal legislation, protection of threatened and endangered (T & E) species varies in stringency across states. H.570 (Act 145) is a Vermont law passed during the 2015-2016 legislative session that updated some of the legal protections for T & E species. Through this legislation, the State was given the authority to protect critical habitat for T & E species through the Secretary of the Agency of Natural Resources. However, the legislation did not provide an official way to designate areas as critical habitat. The purpose of this study was to design an …

Assessing Renewable Energy Policy Effectiveness: Price & Quality Instruments, Madison C. Haas

UVM Patrick Leahy Honors College Senior Theses

This study is an empirical assessment of the effectiveness of state renewable energy policies at increasing renewable energy generation. The theory of externalities explains that renewable energy will be under-produced by the market without government intervention, justifying the importance of increased understanding of the effectiveness of various policy instruments. Economic theory suggests that both command and control (CAC) and market-based incentive (MBI) policies can be used to address this market failure and can be equally effective under perfect information and perfect enforcement. In practice, standard setting and enforcement differ, and empirical evidence has shown that the effectiveness of the two …

Conserving Vermont's Endangered Species Through Designation Of Critical Habitat, Amanda M. Ramsing-Lund

UVM Patrick Leahy Honors College Senior Theses

Although the Endangered Species Act of 1973 is federal legislation, protection of threatened and endangered (T & E) species varies in stringency across states. H.570 (Act 145) is a Vermont law passed during the 2015-2016 legislative session that updated some of the legal protections for T & E species. Through this legislation, the State was given the authority to protect critical habitat for T & E species through the Secretary of the Agency of Natural Resources. However, the legislation did not provide an official way to designate areas as critical habitat. The purpose of this study was to design an …

Shaping Policy In The Anthropocene: Gender Justice As A Social, Economic And Ecological Challenge, Phoebe Spencer

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Environmental pressures such as natural disasters, resource scarcity, and conflict related to climate change have emphasized the importance of considering social justice within its ecological context. Gender inequality is one type of injustice that has traditionally been addressed as a social matter, yet gendered divisions in bargaining power, mobility, and access to resources are exacerbated by environmental instability. One barrier to gender equity in the face of a changing climate is the mainstream economic paradigm, which promotes growth and individualism, often at the cost of environmental and social wellbeing. The issue of gender inequality in the Anthropocene, the proposed geological …

Reducing Emissions From Agriculture To Meet The 2 °C Target, Eva Wollenberg, Meryl Richards, Pete Smith, Petr Havlík, Michael Obersteiner, Francesco N. Tubiello, Martin Herold, Pierre Gerber, Sarah Carter, Andrew Reisinger, Detlef P. Van Vuuren, Amy Dickie, Henry Neufeldt, Björn O. Sander, Reiner Wassmann, Rolf Sommer, James E. Amonette, Alessandra Falcucci, Mario Herrero, Carolyn Opio, Rosa Maria Roman-Cuesta, Elke Stehfest, Henk Westhoek, Ivan Ortiz-Monasterio, Tek Sapkota, Mariana C. Rufino, Philip K. Thornton, Louis Verchot, Paul C. West, Jean François Soussana, Tobias Baedeker

Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources Faculty Publications

More than 100 countries pledged to reduce agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the 2015 Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Yet technical information about how much mitigation is needed in the sector vs. how much is feasible remains poor. We identify a preliminary global target for reducing emissions from agriculture of ~1 GtCO2e yr−1 by 2030 to limit warming in 2100 to 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. Yet plausible agricultural development pathways with mitigation cobenefits deliver only 21–40% of needed mitigation. The target indicates that more transformative technical and policy options will be needed, …

Services For Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Study Of Educational Practices In Vermont, Tristan James Mcnamara

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) continues to receive increasing degrees of national attention in parallel with increasing rates of occurrence (Baio, 2012; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014; Rice, 2009). The disorder's growing prevalence has been accompanied by controversies regarding the source of the disorder (Baker & Stokes, 2007), how it is diagnosed (Mandell et al., 2009; Wing, Gould, & Gillberg, 2011), and what treatments are applicable and effective (National Autism Center, 2009).

This qualitative research study utilizes survey data provided by Special Education Directors to explore the question of what types of treatments are implemented and supported by school …

Developing An Agenda For Research About Policies To Improve Access To Healthy Foods In Rural Communities: A Concept Mapping Study, Donna B. Johnson, Emilee Quinn, Marilyn Sitaker, Alice Ammerman, Carmen Byker, Wesley Dean, Sheila Fleischhacker, Jane Kolodinsky, Courtney Pinard, Stephanie B.Jilcott Pitts, Joseph Sharkey

College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Policies that improve access to healthy, affordable foods may improve population health and reduce health disparities. In the United States most food access policy research focuses on urban communities even though residents of rural communities face disproportionately higher risk for nutrition-related chronic diseases compared to residents of urban communities. The purpose of this study was to (1) identify the factors associated with access to healthy, affordable food in rural communities in the United States; and (2) prioritize a meaningful and feasible rural food policy research agenda. Methods. This study was conducted by the Rural Food Access Workgroup (RFAWG), a …

Monetary And Fiscal Policies For A Finite Planet, Joshua Farley, Matthew Burke, Gary Flomenhoft, Brian Kelly, D. Forrest Murray, Stephen Posner, Matthew Putnam, Adam Scanlan, Aaron Witham

Peer-Reviewed Studies

Current macroeconomic policy promotes continuous economic growth. Unemployment, poverty and debt are associated with insufficient growth. Economic activity depends upon the transformation of natural materials, ultimately returning to the environment as waste. Current levels of economic throughput exceed the planet's carrying capacity. As a result of poorly constructed economic institutions, society faces the unacceptable choice between ecological catastrophe and human misery. A transition to a steady-state economy is required, characterized by a rate of throughput compatible with planetary boundaries. This paper contributes to the development of a steady-state economy by addressing US monetary and fiscal policies. A steady-state monetary policy …

Developing A Cohesive Urban Agriculture Policy For Burlington, Vt, Alison Nihart

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

A growing interest in urban food production has prompted many North American cities to revise their municipal policies regarding agricultural activities. In March 2011, the City Council of Burlington, VT, created the Urban Agriculture Task Force to investigate and recommend policies to provide city officials with tools to effectively govern urban agriculture. In coordination with the Task Force as a community partner, I used a governance framework and participatory action research (PAR) to analyze: (1) the needs of local stakeholders, including urban agriculture practitioners, the general Burlington community, and government officials; (2) the policy tools available to the City of …