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Articles 1 - 30 of 61
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Full Issue 1.3
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
No abstract provided.
Modeling Bus Priority Using Intermodal Dynamic Network Assignment-Simulation Methodology, Khaled F. Abdelghany, Ahmed F. Abdelghany, Hani S. Mahmassani, Akmal S. Abdelfatah
Modeling Bus Priority Using Intermodal Dynamic Network Assignment-Simulation Methodology, Khaled F. Abdelghany, Ahmed F. Abdelghany, Hani S. Mahmassani, Akmal S. Abdelfatah
Journal of Public Transportation
This article presents a modeling framework that represents bus priority at signalized intersections in the context of its potential network-level and intermodal effects. The model incorporates bus priority within an intermodal dynamic traffic assignmentsimulation model. It dynamically assigns travelers to different modes and routes in the network according to prevailing traffic conditions, which result from applying a certain network control/bus priority scheme. The model considers changes in traffic conditions as a result of (1) drivers’ route choice adjustments due to changes in traffic signals settings and (2) modal shifts by travelers to take advantage of improved transit service. Three different …
Predicting The Impact Of Demand- And Supply-Side Measures On Bus Ridership In Putrajaya, Malaysia, Nor Ghani Md. Nor, Abd Rahim Md. Nor, Ahmad Zainuddin Abdullah
Predicting The Impact Of Demand- And Supply-Side Measures On Bus Ridership In Putrajaya, Malaysia, Nor Ghani Md. Nor, Abd Rahim Md. Nor, Ahmad Zainuddin Abdullah
Journal of Public Transportation
Putrajaya is a unique Malaysian city from a transport policy perspective because of its explicit goal to achieve a 70 percent share of public transport to its core precincts.A study was recently commissioned with the aim of quantifying travelers’ responses to policy measures to ensure effective strategy formulation. This article describes and discusses the methods, results, and policy implications of the study. Econometric estimation results show that improvement in public transport alone is incapable of inducing sufficient modal shift to achieve the goal of a 70:30 split between public and private transport. Although service quality positively influences ridership, modal split …
Editor's Intorduction, Herb Hirsch
Editor's Intorduction, Herb Hirsch
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
This is the third issue of Volume 1 of Genocide Studies and Prevention. It is the first non-topical or general issue and, therefore, contains articles covering a wide variety of topics. The lead article by Professor David Scheffer, formerly US ambassador at large for war crimes issues (1997–2001) and currently the Mayer, Brown, Rowe & Maw/Robert A. Helman Professor of Law and director of the Center for International Human Rights at Northwestern University, is an exciting and interesting call for a new genre of human-rights law. Arguing that the term ‘‘genocide’’ has imposed limitations on action to protect human rights, …
Labeling “Genocide” In Sudan: A Constructionist Analysis Of Darfur, William F.S. Miles
Labeling “Genocide” In Sudan: A Constructionist Analysis Of Darfur, William F.S. Miles
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
Labeling is critical for the framing, perception, and political implications of social problems, genocide being a critical but overlooked example. For half a century social-science theory has developed increasingly sophisticated paradigms for understanding the process by which problems are recognized and addressed: social constructionism, labeling theory, politico-linguistics, problem definition, and tipping points. Yet rarely have these theoretical frameworks been applied to genocide studies. When reconsidered in light of Sudan, these general frameworks validate the constructionist argument that the recognized severity of political problems—including government-organized or -sanctioned mass killings—is a function of the socio-linguistic processing and naming of them. Anti-genocide advocates, …
Author Biographies
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
No abstract provided.
Report From An Interdisciplinary Case Study On A Public Transit System In Crisis, Kim A. Jones, Robert C. Mock Jr., Sarah T. Cearley
Report From An Interdisciplinary Case Study On A Public Transit System In Crisis, Kim A. Jones, Robert C. Mock Jr., Sarah T. Cearley
Journal of Public Transportation
This article describes how a public transportation system in a mid-sized southern state was assessed in regard to its adequacy in providing transportation services. The article begins by discussing the trends in current transportation patterns, funding of public transit, and special populations served by public transit. A case study is then presented of a transit system that was experiencing what has become a typical problem for similar transit systems across the nation: intensified public and political pressures caused by funding cuts and unfunded mandates from the federal government. Findings from the case study are then provided along with recommendations for …
A Study Of The Impact Of Apts On Service Quality Perceptions Of Elderly And Disabled Riders, Julian M. Benjamin, Gregory N. Price
A Study Of The Impact Of Apts On Service Quality Perceptions Of Elderly And Disabled Riders, Julian M. Benjamin, Gregory N. Price
Journal of Public Transportation
New transportation technology that directly impacts consumers should be evaluated by the people who are affected. Automated dispatching has become standard practice for paratransit services. This article summarizes a study analyzing consumer response to the Mobility Manager at a demonstration site in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The Mobility Manager was applied to the TransAID demand-responsive mini-bus service for people who are elderly or who have disabilities. Survey data from two questionnaires, before and after the implementation of the Mobility Manager for the same subjects, were used to examine travel behavior and perceived service quality. These travelers reported service improvements such as …
Tracing Individual Public Transport Customers From An Anonymous Transaction Database, G. Tseytin, M. Hofmann, M. O'Mahony, D. Lyons
Tracing Individual Public Transport Customers From An Anonymous Transaction Database, G. Tseytin, M. Hofmann, M. O'Mahony, D. Lyons
Journal of Public Transportation
Data mining concepts are used frequently throughout the transportation research sector. This article examines the concept of the market basket technique as a means of gaining more insight into public transport users’ demands. The article proposes a method that uses various data attributes of passenger records to infer the same customer in a different week (i.e., attempts to track the same customer from week to week). The general idea behind the measure is that if two records are considered similar, ideally every trip in one customer record should have a close counterpart in the other record. The research develops a …
Full Issue 1.2
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
No abstract provided.
The “Odious Scourge”: Evolving Interpretations Of The Crime Of Genocide, William A. Schabas
The “Odious Scourge”: Evolving Interpretations Of The Crime Of Genocide, William A. Schabas
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
The crime of genocide was defined in the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in reaction to the concept of crimes against humanity developed at Nuremberg, which insisted upon a connection with aggressive war in prosecutions for atrocity crimes. The convention stated genocide could be committed in time of peace, but it also narrowed the scope of the crime itself to the intentional destruction of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group. Cultural genocide was intentionally excluded. Although the text of the definition remains unchanged, judicial interpretation has broadened it significantly. Recent decisions have …
When Persecution Bleeds Into Mass Murder: The Processive Nature Of Genocide, Uğur Ü. Üngör
When Persecution Bleeds Into Mass Murder: The Processive Nature Of Genocide, Uğur Ü. Üngör
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
In the rapidly developing historiography of the Armenian Genocide, the processive character of pre-genocidal persecutions has received less attention than the genocidal process itself. This article treats the persecution of Ottoman Armenians as a cumulative process leading up to a mass-murder campaign in the summer of 1915. It addresses the evolution of CUP policy toward the Armenians through the prism of escalating persecution and the relationship between center and periphery. In order to illustrate the concrete implementation of this process, the province of Diyarbekir will serve as an example to clarify the history of the persecutions.
Author Biographies
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
No abstract provided.
Calibration Of Vissim For Bus Rapid Transit Systems In Beijing Using Gps Data, Liu Yu, Lei Yu, Xumei Chen, Tao Wan, Jifu Guo
Calibration Of Vissim For Bus Rapid Transit Systems In Beijing Using Gps Data, Liu Yu, Lei Yu, Xumei Chen, Tao Wan, Jifu Guo
Journal of Public Transportation
Bus Rapid Transit systems have grown in popularity in recent years. With the rapid development of computer technologies, using microscopic simulation models to study various strategies on planning, implementation and operation of BRT systems has become a hot research area in the field of public transportation. To make the simulation models accurately replicate field traffic conditions, model calibration is crucial. This paper presents an approach for calibrating the microscopic traffic simulation model VISSIM using GPS data for application to Beijing BRT systems. The Sum of Squared Error (SSE) of the collected versus simulated vehicle speeds at the cross-sections along the …
Rwanda And Darfur: A Comparative Analysis, Scott Straus
Rwanda And Darfur: A Comparative Analysis, Scott Straus
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
The article presents a comparative analysis of genocide in Rwanda and Darfur. The first half of the article examines the patterns and origins of violence in both cases and uses the comparison to generate some theoretical inferences about the causes of genocide. The analysis finds that both cases demonstrate a similar character of violence but that in Rwanda the violence was more intense, more exterminatory, and more participatory than in Darfur. Both episodes took place in the midst of civil war, in periods of political transition, in countries with histories of ethnic nationalism, and in areas where the conflicting ethnic …
Why Gsp?, Isreal W. Charney, Roger W. Smith
Why Gsp?, Isreal W. Charney, Roger W. Smith
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal (GSP) is the official journal of the International Association of Genocide Scholars (IAGS) and is published by the University of Toronto Press through a partnership of the IAGS and the International Institute for Genocide and Human Rights Studies (A Division of the Zoryan Institute) (IIGHRS). The two organizations share a deep commitment to the study and prevention of the genocide of all peoples.
Unsimplifying Darfur, René Lemarchand
Unsimplifying Darfur, René Lemarchand
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
Much of the debate about genocide in Darfur appears woefully misinformed about the complex realities of the crisis, in particular its growing imbrication with the conflict in neighboring Chad. The parallel with Rwanda is limited, even though, in both cases, the international community has failed utterly to stop the atrocities committed against innocent civilians. No prevention strategy is likely to succeed unless cross-border raids from Chad into Darfur and vice versa are stopped, and this will not happen as long as the Sudanese and Chadian authorities are playing one faction off against another in what looks increasingly like a proxy …
Author Biographies
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
No abstract provided.
The Issues And Realities Of Brt Planning Initiatives In Developing Asian Cities, Moazzem Hossain
The Issues And Realities Of Brt Planning Initiatives In Developing Asian Cities, Moazzem Hossain
Journal of Public Transportation
Successful Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) planning initiatives in Latin American cities involved complex interactions among stakeholders, politicians and planners. Asian cities under different geo-political settings may not be able to achieve successful BRT planning initiatives under similar circumstances. This paper reviews the recent mass transit planning initiatives, especially BRT planning initiatives, in Asian cities and identifies the issues and realities of such initiatives in different regions of Asia. The prospect, suitability and importance of BRT as a sustainable mass transit system for Asian cities are also discussed. Guidelines are suggested for probable successful BRT planning initiatives under different geo-political contexts …
Microscopic Simulation Approach To Capacity Analysis Of Bus Rapid Transit Corridors, Abdul Jabbar Siddique, Ata M. Khan
Microscopic Simulation Approach To Capacity Analysis Of Bus Rapid Transit Corridors, Abdul Jabbar Siddique, Ata M. Khan
Journal of Public Transportation
While a transitway can be built as an access-controlled, two-way rapid transit facility outside the Central Business District (CBD), in the CBD, initially, the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) service has to be based on exclusive bus lanes due to right-of-way, monetary, and other constraints. The strategy of providing Bus Rapid Transit on exclusive bus lanes in urban corridors is receiving policy attention. However, detailed studies on exclusive bus lane capacity for BRT operation in the CBD of a city have been scarce. In this research, using NETSIM as a microsimulator, BRT corridors in Ottawa (Canada) were investigated in terms of …
Analyzing The Impacts Of Vehicle Assist And Automation Systems On Brt, Matthew Hardy, Susannah Proper
Analyzing The Impacts Of Vehicle Assist And Automation Systems On Brt, Matthew Hardy, Susannah Proper
Journal of Public Transportation
This paper summarizes research that was conducted to develop an analysis framework with which to analyze the cost effectiveness of implementing Vehicle Assist and Automation (VAA) applications, a category of Intelligent Transportation System technologies, in Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems. Seven typical BRT operating scenarios were developed based upon the Federal Transit Administration’s Characteristics of Bus Rapid Transit for Decision-Making report. The seven scenarios are representative of BRT service throughout the U.S. and are used to demonstrate which VAA applications will be cost effective within the context of real-world operating environments. The analysis examined overall benefits in terms of increased …
Full Issue 1.1
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
No abstract provided.
Editors' Introduction, Alex Alvarez, Herbert Hirsch, Eric Markusen, Samuel Totten
Editors' Introduction, Alex Alvarez, Herbert Hirsch, Eric Markusen, Samuel Totten
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal
Upon publication of this, the first issue of Genocide Studies and Prevention, we, the four co-editors, are pleased to welcome you, the reader, to these pages. Our aim is to produce a high-quality peer-reviewed journal that addresses cutting-edge issues in the field of genocide studies and related areas such as preventive diplomacy, conflict management, intervention, sanctions, and post-genocidal issues.
An Evaluation Of Comprehensive Transit Improvements — Trimet’S Streamline Program, Peter Koonce, Paul Ryus, David Zagel, Young Park, Jamie Parks
An Evaluation Of Comprehensive Transit Improvements — Trimet’S Streamline Program, Peter Koonce, Paul Ryus, David Zagel, Young Park, Jamie Parks
Journal of Public Transportation
Transit performance is influenced by a variety of factors in an urban environment. Making transit more convenient and competitive with automobile travel is a key objective for the Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon (TriMet). TriMet’s goal is to have a “Total Transit System” that makes transit an attractive choice for riders. Portland’s Streamline program has been a significant effort toward meeting these goals. The program has resulted in operating and capital cost savings for TriMet by delaying the need to add more buses to the fleet as well as operating savings due to reductions in running time variability. Further, …
Simulation Of Transit Signal Priority Using The Ntcip Architecture, Hongchao Liu, Alexander Skabardonis, Meng Li
Simulation Of Transit Signal Priority Using The Ntcip Architecture, Hongchao Liu, Alexander Skabardonis, Meng Li
Journal of Public Transportation
Transit Signal Priority (TSP) is an important element of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) that involves coordinated efforts between transit vehicle detection systems, traffic signal control systems, and communication technologies. Successful deployment of TSP requires thorough laboratory evaluation through simulation before field implementation. This paper presents the development and application of a simulation model specifically designed for the design and evaluation of TSP systems. The proposed simulation tool models in detail all the TSP components in accordance with the National Transportation Communications for ITS Protocol (NTCIP) standard for TSP systems. The study is intended to shed light on how the variety …
Ex-Ante Evaluation Of Exclusive Bus Lanes Implementation, D. Tsamboulas
Ex-Ante Evaluation Of Exclusive Bus Lanes Implementation, D. Tsamboulas
Journal of Public Transportation
This article presents a comprehensive approach for the ex-ante evaluation and the identification of relevant impacts related to the implementation of Exclusive Bus Lanes (EBL). It proposes indicators to measure the impacts related to key stakeholders: public transport operators, taxis, private vehicle drivers and passengers, as well as society regarding energy and the environment. Impact values are estimated from the application of relevant transportation planning models. The ex-ante evaluation method is based on cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and is designed to assist any decision regarding implementation of EBL by determining whether it is beneficial. To demonstrate the capability of the approach, …
Public Transportation Decision-Making: A Case Analysis Of The Memphis Light Rail Corridor And Route Selection With Analytic Hierarchy Process, Reza Banai
Journal of Public Transportation
The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) New Starts process involves multiple criteria to assess funding eligibility for local public transit investments. In this article a multicriteria method–Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)—is used to assess light rail transit (LRT) corridor and route alternatives. Although the focus is on the current LRT corridor and route selection process in Memphis, Tennessee, the AHP-aided procedure is intended to facilitate the public transportation decision-making process generically, reflective of federal New Starts guidelines as well as local priorities and preferences. Each alternative corridor and route is assessed functionally with respect to site-specific ratings of the criteria and subcriteria …
Design Of A Map-Based Transit Itinerary Planner, Christopher Cherry, Mark Hickman, Anirudh Garg
Design Of A Map-Based Transit Itinerary Planner, Christopher Cherry, Mark Hickman, Anirudh Garg
Journal of Public Transportation
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have provided a platform to present information over the Internet to potential users of public transportation. The advantage of using a GIS is that it allows the user to select an origin and destination on a map, easing the task of inputting information to the itinerary-planning process. In addition, the mapping features of GIS can provide a user-specific map showing the route(s) used in the itinerary, as well as local access, egress, and bus stop information. In this article, the design issues associated with the use of GIS in itinerary generation are discussed. Specific design principles …