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Dynamics And Impacts Of The May 8th, 1902 Pyroclastic Current At Mount Pelée (Martinique): New Insights From Numerical Modeling, Valentin Gueugneau, Karim Kelfoun, Sylvain J. Charbonnier, Aurelie Germa, Guillaume Carazzo
Dynamics And Impacts Of The May 8th, 1902 Pyroclastic Current At Mount Pelée (Martinique): New Insights From Numerical Modeling, Valentin Gueugneau, Karim Kelfoun, Sylvain J. Charbonnier, Aurelie Germa, Guillaume Carazzo
School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications
The Mount Pelée May 8th, 1902 eruption is responsible for the deaths of more than 29,000 people, as well as the nearly-complete destruction of the city of Saint Pierre by a single pyroclastic current, and is, sadly, the deadliest eruption of the 20th century. Despite intensive field studies on the associated deposit, two conflicting interpretations of the pyroclastic current dynamics (either a blast or a simple ash-cloud surge) emerged in the 90’s and have been paralyzing research ever since, leaving numerous unknowns (i.e., source conditions, volume). This study is the first to investigate numerically the May 8th, 1902 pyroclastic …
A Geophysical Model For The Origin Of Volcano Vent Clusters In A Colorado Plateau Volcanic Field, Fanghui Deng, Charles B. Connor, Rocco Malservisi, Laura J. Connor, Jeremy White, Aurélie Germa, Paul H. Wetmore
A Geophysical Model For The Origin Of Volcano Vent Clusters In A Colorado Plateau Volcanic Field, Fanghui Deng, Charles B. Connor, Rocco Malservisi, Laura J. Connor, Jeremy White, Aurélie Germa, Paul H. Wetmore
School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications
Variation in spatial density of Quaternary volcanic vents, and the occurrence of vent clusters, correlates with boundaries in Proterozoic crust in the Springerville volcanic field (SVF), Arizona, USA. Inverse modeling using 538 gravity measurements shows that vent clusters correlate with gradients in the gravity field due to lateral variation in crustal density. These lateral discontinuities in the crustal density can be explained by boundaries in the North American crust formed during Proterozoic accretion. Spatial density of volcanic vents is low in regions of high‐density Proterozoic crust, high in areas of relatively low density Proterozoic crust, and is greatest adjacent to …
Application Of "Shallow-Water" Numerical Models For Hazard Assessment Of Volcanic Flows: The Case Of Titan2d And Turrialba Volcano (Costa Rica), Sylvain J. Charbonnier, José L. Palma, Sarah Ogburn
Application Of "Shallow-Water" Numerical Models For Hazard Assessment Of Volcanic Flows: The Case Of Titan2d And Turrialba Volcano (Costa Rica), Sylvain J. Charbonnier, José L. Palma, Sarah Ogburn
School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications
This paper introduces Titan2D, a depth averaged model of an incompressible Coulomb continuum for "shallow water" granular flows. Titan2D has been used successfully at many volcanoes to predict inundation by block-and-ash flows and debris avalanches. It can be run as a stand-alone program or through Vhub, a cyber-infrastructure platform. Practical considerations of choosing appropriate user inputs and the basics of running the model are discussed herein. Both synthetic and natural terrain examples are presented, including simulations of a block-and-ash flow generated from the gravitational collapse of a synthetic dome at Turrialba volcano (Costa Rica). These results suggest that the model …