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Articles 1 - 23 of 23
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Observations Of Brachygnathia Superior (Underbite) In Wild Ruminates In Western Montana, Usa, J. A. Hoy, G. T. Haas, R. D. Hoy, Pamela Hallock
Observations Of Brachygnathia Superior (Underbite) In Wild Ruminates In Western Montana, Usa, J. A. Hoy, G. T. Haas, R. D. Hoy, Pamela Hallock
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Since spring of 1995 developmental malformations have been observed on many species of vertebrates. The most frequently observed of a range of skeletal anomalies is brachygnathia superior, also called mandibular prognathia, resulting from underdevelopment in length and width of the premaxillary bone forward of the upper premolars on ruminant species. To quantify these observations, facial anatomy was examined for bone and dental malformations on 1061 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) that were accident-killed or died of natural causes between January 1996 and December 2010 in northern Ravalli County in the Bitterroot Valley of west-central, Montana, USA. Observations of brachygnathia …
A Tale Of Two Eddies: Diagnosing Coherent Eddies Through Acoustic Remote Sensing, T. Rossby, C. Flagg, P. Ortner, C. Hu
A Tale Of Two Eddies: Diagnosing Coherent Eddies Through Acoustic Remote Sensing, T. Rossby, C. Flagg, P. Ortner, C. Hu
Marine Science Faculty Publications
A 38 kHz vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler is used to explore in detail the dynamics of an anticyclonic and a cyclonic eddy during two transits of the cruise vessel Explorer of the Seas from the Caribbean to New Jersey in July 2007. The radial scale of the two eddies is similar, but whereas the cyclone is strongly surface intensified, the anticyclone has its maximum expression with near–solid body rotation between 200 and 800 m depth. The anticyclone has a minimum in relative vorticity very close to −f at 800 m depth and the cyclone has a maximum of about …
Evaluation Of Trajectory Modeling In Different Dynamic Regions Using Normalized Cumulative Lagrangian Separation, Yonggang Liu, Robert H. Weisberg
Evaluation Of Trajectory Modeling In Different Dynamic Regions Using Normalized Cumulative Lagrangian Separation, Yonggang Liu, Robert H. Weisberg
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The Lagrangian separation distance between the endpoints of simulated and observed drifter trajectories is often used to assess the performance of numerical particle trajectory models. However, the separation distance fails to indicate relative model performance in weak and strong current regions, such as a continental shelf and its adjacent deep ocean. A new skill score is proposed based on the cumulative Lagrangian separation distances normalized by the associated cumulative trajectory lengths. This skill score is used to evaluate surface trajectories implied by Global HYCOM hindcast surface currents as gauged against actual satellite-tracked drifter trajectories in the eastern Gulf of Mexico …
Did The Northeastern Gulf Of Mexico Become Greener After The Deepwater Horizon Spill?, Chuanmin Hu, Robert H. Weisberg, Yonggang Liu, Lianyuan Zheng, Kendra L. Daly, David C. English, Jun Zhao, Gabriel A. Vargo
Did The Northeastern Gulf Of Mexico Become Greener After The Deepwater Horizon Spill?, Chuanmin Hu, Robert H. Weisberg, Yonggang Liu, Lianyuan Zheng, Kendra L. Daly, David C. English, Jun Zhao, Gabriel A. Vargo
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Assessment of direct and indirect impacts of oil and dispersants on the marine ecosystem in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico (NEGOM) from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (April-July 2010) requires sustained observations over multiple years. Here, using satellite measurements, numerical circulation models, and other environmental data, we present some initial results on observed biological changes at the base of the food web. MODIS fluorescence line height (FLH, a proxy for phytoplankton biomass) shows two interesting anomalies. The first is statistically significant (>1 mg/cu m of chlorophyll-a anomaly), in an area exceeding 11,000 sq km in the NEGOM during August …
Exploring The Diversity Of Plant Dna Viruses And Their Satellites Using Vector-Enabled Metagenomics On Whiteflies, Terry Fei Fan Ng, Siobain Duffy, Jane Polston, Elise Bixby, Gary Vallad, Mya Breitbart
Exploring The Diversity Of Plant Dna Viruses And Their Satellites Using Vector-Enabled Metagenomics On Whiteflies, Terry Fei Fan Ng, Siobain Duffy, Jane Polston, Elise Bixby, Gary Vallad, Mya Breitbart
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Current knowledge of plant virus diversity is biased towards agents of visible and economically important diseases. Less is known about viruses that have not caused major diseases in crops, or viruses from native vegetation, which are a reservoir of biodiversity that can contribute to viral emergence. Discovery of these plant viruses is hindered by the traditional approach of sampling individual symptomatic plants. Since many damaging plant viruses are transmitted by insect vectors, we have developed “vector-enabled metagenomics” (VEM) to investigate the diversity of plant viruses. VEM involves sampling of insect vectors (in this case, whiteflies) from plants, followed by purification …
Fertilization Potential Of Volcanic Dust In The Low-Nutrient Low-Chlorophyll Western North Pacific Subtropical Gyre: Satellite Evidence And Laboratory Study, I. -I. Lin, Chuanmin Hu, Yuan-Hui Li, Tung-Yuan Ho, Tobias P. Fischer, George T. F. Wong, Jingfeng Wu, Chih-Wei Huang, D. Allen Chu, Dong S. Ko, Jen-Ping Chen
Fertilization Potential Of Volcanic Dust In The Low-Nutrient Low-Chlorophyll Western North Pacific Subtropical Gyre: Satellite Evidence And Laboratory Study, I. -I. Lin, Chuanmin Hu, Yuan-Hui Li, Tung-Yuan Ho, Tobias P. Fischer, George T. F. Wong, Jingfeng Wu, Chih-Wei Huang, D. Allen Chu, Dong S. Ko, Jen-Ping Chen
Marine Science Faculty Publications
In the western North Pacific subtropical ocean, the Anatahan volcano of the Mariana Islands erupted on 10 May 2003 for the first time in recorded history. Based on nine different types of remote sensing data provided by NASA, laboratory experiment of the Anatahan samples, and a 3-D ocean circulation model developed by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, the postvolcanic ocean biogeochemical response to the Anatahan eruption was explored. It was observed that soon after the eruption, the aerosol optical depth abruptly increased from the pre-eruption loading of ∼0.1 to ∼2. In the week following the eruption, a “bloom-like” patch was …
Tracking The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: A Modeling Perspective, Yonggang Liu, Robert H. Weisberg, Chuanmin Hu, Lianyuan Zheng
Tracking The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: A Modeling Perspective, Yonggang Liu, Robert H. Weisberg, Chuanmin Hu, Lianyuan Zheng
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill was caused by a drilling rig explosion on 20 April 2010 that killed 11 people. It was the largest oil spill in U.S. history and presented an unprecedented threat to Gulf of Mexico marine resources. Although oil gushing to the surface diminished after the well was capped, on 15 July 2010, much remains to be known about the oil and the dispersants beneath the surface, including their trajectories and effects on marine life. A system for tracking the oil, both at the surface and at depth, was needed for mitigation efforts and ship survey guidance. …
Broad Surveys Of Dna Viral Diversity Obtained Through Viral Metagenomics Of Mosquitoes, Terry Fei Fan Ng, Dana Willner, Yan Wei Lim, Robert Schmieder, Betty Chau, Christina Nilsson, Simon Anthony, Yijun Ruan, Forest Rohwer, Mya Breitbart
Broad Surveys Of Dna Viral Diversity Obtained Through Viral Metagenomics Of Mosquitoes, Terry Fei Fan Ng, Dana Willner, Yan Wei Lim, Robert Schmieder, Betty Chau, Christina Nilsson, Simon Anthony, Yijun Ruan, Forest Rohwer, Mya Breitbart
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Viruses are the most abundant and diverse genetic entities on Earth; however, broad surveys of viral diversity are hindered by the lack of a universal assay for viruses and the inability to sample a sufficient number of individual hosts. This study utilized vector-enabled metagenomics (VEM) to provide a snapshot of the diversity of DNA viruses present in three mosquito samples from San Diego, California. The majority of the sequences were novel, suggesting that the viral community in mosquitoes, as well as the animal and plant hosts they feed on, is highly diverse and largely uncharacterized. Each mosquito sample contained a …
Enso-Correlated Fluctuations In Ocean Bottom Pressure And Wind-Stress Curl In The North Pacific, D. P. Chambers
Enso-Correlated Fluctuations In Ocean Bottom Pressure And Wind-Stress Curl In The North Pacific, D. P. Chambers
Marine Science Faculty Publications
We examine the output of an ocean model forced by ECMWF winds to study the theoretical relationship between wind-induced changes in ocean bottom pressure in the North Pacific between 1992 until 2010 and ENSO. Our analysis indicates that while there are significant fluctuations correlated with some El Niño and La Niña events, the correlation is still relatively low. Moreover, the ENSO-correlated variability explains only 50 % of the non-seasonal, low-frequency variance. There are significant residual fluctuations in both wind-stress curl and ocean bottom pressure in the region with periods of 4-years and longer. One such fluctuation began in late 2002 …
The Martian Atmospheric Boundary Layer, A. Petrosyan, B. Galperin, S. E. Larsen, S. R. Lewis, A. Määttänen, P. L. Read, N. Renno, L. P. Rogberg, H. Savijärvi, T. Siili, A. Spiga, A. Toigo, L. Vázquez
The Martian Atmospheric Boundary Layer, A. Petrosyan, B. Galperin, S. E. Larsen, S. R. Lewis, A. Määttänen, P. L. Read, N. Renno, L. P. Rogberg, H. Savijärvi, T. Siili, A. Spiga, A. Toigo, L. Vázquez
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The planetary boundary layer (PBL) represents the part of the atmosphere that is strongly influenced by the presence of the underlying surface and mediates the key interactions between the atmosphere and the surface. On Mars, this represents the lowest 10 km of the atmosphere during the daytime. This portion of the atmosphere is extremely important, both scientifically and operationally, because it is the region within which surface lander spacecraft must operate and also determines exchanges of heat, momentum, dust, water, and other tracers between surface and subsurface reservoirs and the free atmosphere. To date, this region of the atmosphere has …
Running Head: Foram Assemblages From Three Substrata Comparison Of Foraminiferal Assemblages From Three Kinds Of Substrata, Durney Key, West-Centralflorida, Usa, K. Anderson, Pamela Hallock
Running Head: Foram Assemblages From Three Substrata Comparison Of Foraminiferal Assemblages From Three Kinds Of Substrata, Durney Key, West-Centralflorida, Usa, K. Anderson, Pamela Hallock
Marine Science Faculty Publications
As part of a project that assessed a proposed artificial reef site, this study compared benthic foraminiferal assemblages from three substrata: sediment, natural lime rock and recruitment tiles. The assemblage from sediment samples included 21 foraminiferal species representing 12 genera and was dominated by stress-tolerant taxa, especially Ammonia and Elphidium. Natural lime rock and recruitment tiles yielded 21 foraminiferal species representing 11 genera, which were dominated by miliolids. Intersample variability was characterized by “pulsating patches” as has been previously described forFloridaestuaries. The predominance of stress-tolerant taxa in sediments was consistent with other observations from the site, which indicated that …
Evaluation Of High-Frequency Oceanographic Signal In Grace Data: Implications For De-Aliasing, Jennifer A. Bonin, D. P. Chambers
Evaluation Of High-Frequency Oceanographic Signal In Grace Data: Implications For De-Aliasing, Jennifer A. Bonin, D. P. Chambers
Marine Science Faculty Publications
[1] The sub-monthly portion of a recent daily-resolution GRACE data set (ITG-Grace2010) is evaluated over the ocean by comparing with the high-frequency component of sea level variability measured by satellite altimetry. The current Atmosphere and Ocean De-aliasing (AOD) model used to remove the high-frequency non-tidal ocean mass variations in GRACE data processing is also assessed. We demonstrate that the OMCT-based AOD model does not adequately represent the true sub-monthly variability in non-tidal ocean mass variability, but that ITG-Grace2010 does. The differences are not small, and indicate that a new model, or a data set derived from sub-monthly GRACE information, should …
Multibeam Investigation Of An Artificial Reef Settlement In The Adriatic Sea (Italy) 33 Years After Its Deployment, Sarine Manoukian, Gianna Fabi, David F. Naar
Multibeam Investigation Of An Artificial Reef Settlement In The Adriatic Sea (Italy) 33 Years After Its Deployment, Sarine Manoukian, Gianna Fabi, David F. Naar
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Artificial reefs (ARs) are becoming a popular biological and management component in shallow water environments characterized by soft seabed, representing both important marine habitats and tools to manage coastal fisheries and resources. Because of the unstable nature of sediments, they require a detailed and systematic investigation that acoustic systems can provide. An AR into the marine environment acts as an open system with exchange of material and energy, altering the physical and biological characteristics of the surrounding area. The AR stability will depend on the balance of scour, settlement, and burial resulting from ocean conditions over time. The acoustic systems …
Phage Encoded H-Ns: A Potential Achilles Heel In The Bacterial Defence System, Connor Skennerton, Florent Angly, Mya Breitbart, Lauren Bragg, Shaomei He, Katherine Mcmahon, Philip Hugenholtz, Gene Tyson
Phage Encoded H-Ns: A Potential Achilles Heel In The Bacterial Defence System, Connor Skennerton, Florent Angly, Mya Breitbart, Lauren Bragg, Shaomei He, Katherine Mcmahon, Philip Hugenholtz, Gene Tyson
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The relationship between phage and their microbial hosts is difficult to elucidate in complex natural ecosystems. Engineered systems performing enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), offer stable, lower complexity communities for studying phage-host interactions. Here, metagenomic data from an EBPR reactor dominated by Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis (CAP), led to the recovery of three complete and six partial phage genomes. Heat-stable nucleoid structuring (H-NS) protein, a global transcriptional repressor in bacteria, was identified in one of the complete phage genomes (EPV1), and was most similar to a homolog in CAP. We infer that EPV1 is a CAP-specific phage and has the potential …
Severe 2010 Cold-Water Event Caused Unprecedented Mortality To Corals Of The Florida Reef Tract And Reversed Previous Survivorship Patterns, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Brian B. Barnes, Digna Rueda
Severe 2010 Cold-Water Event Caused Unprecedented Mortality To Corals Of The Florida Reef Tract And Reversed Previous Survivorship Patterns, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Brian B. Barnes, Digna Rueda
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Background: Coral reefs are facing increasing pressure from natural and anthropogenic stressors that have already caused significant worldwide declines. In January 2010, coral reefs of Florida, United States, were impacted by an extreme cold-water anomaly that exposed corals to temperatures well below their reported thresholds (16°C), causing rapid coral mortality unprecedented in spatial extent and severity. Methodology/Principal Findings: Reef surveys were conducted from Martin County to the Lower Florida Keys within weeks of the anomaly. The impacts recorded were catastrophic and exceeded those of any previous disturbances in the region. Coral mortality patterns were directly correlated to in-situ and satellite-derived …
An Empirical Approach To Derive Modis Ocean Color Patterns Under Severe Sun Glint, Chuanmin Hu
An Empirical Approach To Derive Modis Ocean Color Patterns Under Severe Sun Glint, Chuanmin Hu
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Oil tracking in the Gulf of Mexico in response to the Deepwater Horizon accident requires timely and accurate observations of major circulation patterns such as the Loop Current and LC eddies. When the eastern GOM becomes nearly isothermal at the surface and the use of sea surface temperature imagery is limited, MODIS ocean color data can be used instead. However, frequent and extensive sun glint prevents such an application when glint reflectance, Lg, is >0.01 sr−1. Here, an empirical approach is developed to remove sun glint and clouds based on band ratios between the Rayleigh-corrected reflectance ( …
Perennial Ponds Are Not An Important Source Of Water Or Dissolved Organic Matter To Groundwaters With High Arsenic Concentrations In West Bengal, India, Saugata Datta, Andrew W. Neal, T. Jade Mohajerin, Troy Ocheltree, Brad E. Rosenheim, Christopher D. White, Karen H. Johannesson
Perennial Ponds Are Not An Important Source Of Water Or Dissolved Organic Matter To Groundwaters With High Arsenic Concentrations In West Bengal, India, Saugata Datta, Andrew W. Neal, T. Jade Mohajerin, Troy Ocheltree, Brad E. Rosenheim, Christopher D. White, Karen H. Johannesson
Marine Science Faculty Publications
[1] Arsenic (As) concentrations and stable hydrogen (δ2H) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope ratios of surface and groundwaters from a representative site in West Bengal, India, are reported. Shallow groundwaters (≤35 m) from the study site have among the highest As concentrations measured in the entire Bengal Basin, reaching values in excess of 4600 μg kg−1. Stable isotope ratios of waters from constructed, perennial ponds indicate the ponds are chiefly recharged during the summer monsoon, and subsequently undergo extensive evaporation during the dry (winter) season. In contrast, groundwaters with high As concentrations …
A Review Of Self-Organizing Map Applications In Meteorology And Oceanography, Yonggang Liu, Robert H. Weisberg
A Review Of Self-Organizing Map Applications In Meteorology And Oceanography, Yonggang Liu, Robert H. Weisberg
Marine Science Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
An Improved Bathymetry Compilation For The Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica, To Inform Ice-Sheet And Ocean Models, A. G. C. Graham, F. O. Nitsche, R. D. Larter
An Improved Bathymetry Compilation For The Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica, To Inform Ice-Sheet And Ocean Models, A. G. C. Graham, F. O. Nitsche, R. D. Larter
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The southern Bellingshausen Sea (SBS) is a rapidly-changing part of West Antarctica, where oceanic and atmospheric warming has led to the recent basal melting and break-up of the Wilkins ice shelf, the dynamic thinning of fringing glaciers, and sea-ice reduction. Accurate sea-floor morphology is vital for understanding the continued effects of each process upon changes within Antarctica's ice sheets. Here we present a new bathymetric grid for the SBS compiled from shipborne multibeam echo-sounder, spot-sounding and sub-ice measurements. The 1-km grid is the most detailed compilation for the SBS to-date, revealing large cross-shelf troughs, shallow banks, and deep inner-shelf basins …
Usgs Science For The Nation’S Changing Coasts: Shoreline Change Assessment, E. Robert Thieler, Cheryl J. Hapke
Usgs Science For The Nation’S Changing Coasts: Shoreline Change Assessment, E. Robert Thieler, Cheryl J. Hapke
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The coastline of the United States features some of the most popular tourist and recreational destinations in the world and is the site of intense residential, commercial, and industrial development. The coastal zone also has extensive and pristine natural areas, with diverse ecosystems providing essential habitat and resources that support wildlife, fish, and human use. Coastal erosion is a widespread process along most open-ocean shores of the United States that affects both developed and natural coastlines. As the coast changes, there are a wide range of ways that change can affect coastal communities, habitats, and the physical characteristics of the …
Sea Surface Temperature Variability In The Florida Keys And Its Relationship To Coral Cover, I. M. Soto, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Pamela Hallock, C. Hu
Sea Surface Temperature Variability In The Florida Keys And Its Relationship To Coral Cover, I. M. Soto, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Pamela Hallock, C. Hu
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The hypothesis that moderate variability in Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is associated with higher coral cover and slower rates of decline of coral cover within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) was examined. Synoptic SST time series covering the period 1994–2008 were constructed for the FKNMS with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer satellite sensors. The SST data were compared with coral-cover time-series data from 36 sites monitored by the Coral Reef and Evaluation Monitoring Program. Sites that experienced moderately high SST variability relative to other sites showed a trend toward higher percentage coral …
National Assessment Of Shoreline Change: Historical Shoreline Change Along The New England And Mid-Atlantic Coasts, Cheryl J. Hapke, Emily A. Himmelstoss, Meredith G. Kratzmann, E. Robert Thieler
National Assessment Of Shoreline Change: Historical Shoreline Change Along The New England And Mid-Atlantic Coasts, Cheryl J. Hapke, Emily A. Himmelstoss, Meredith G. Kratzmann, E. Robert Thieler
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Beach erosion is a chronic problem along many open-ocean shores of the United States. As coastal populations continue to grow and community infrastructures are threatened by erosion, there is increased demand for accurate information regarding past and present trends and rates of shoreline movement. There is also a need for a comprehensive analysis of shoreline movement that is consistent from one coastal region to another. To meet these national needs, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting an analysis of historical shoreline changes along open-ocean sandy shores of the conterminous United States and parts of Hawaii, Alaska, and the Great …
Usgs Science For The Nation’S Changing Coasts: Shoreline Change Research, Cheryl J. Hapke, E. Robert Thieler
Usgs Science For The Nation’S Changing Coasts: Shoreline Change Research, Cheryl J. Hapke, E. Robert Thieler
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The demands of increasing human population in the coastal zone create competition with coastal habitat preservation and with recreational and commercial uses of the coast and nearshore waters. As climate changes over the coming century, these problems facing coastal communities will likely worsen. Good management and policy decision-making require baseline information on the rates, trends, and scientific understanding of the processes of coastal change on a regional to national scale. To address this need, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is engaged in a research project of national scope to measure, report, and interpret historical shoreline change along open-ocean coasts of …