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Tractor Driving Among Kentucky Farm Youth: Results From The Farm Family Health And Hazard Surveillance Project, Steven R. Browning, Susan C. Westneat, Raeanne Szeluga

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

This article documents the extent of children's involvement in tractor operations among a representative sample of Kentucky children living and working on family farms. Specifically, we describe children's exposures to tractor-related work activities, profile their use of the tractor (number of days worked), and assess compliance with generally recommended safety measures, such as using tractors equipped with ROPS (rollover protective structures), avoiding riding as passengers on tractors, and operating tractors on public roadways. Data for this study were collected in 1994 and 1995 as part of the NIOSH-sponsored Farm Family Health and Hazard Surveillance Project (FFHHSP). Despite recognition in the …

The Toxoplasma Gondii Protein Rop2 Mediates Host Organelle Association With The Parasitophorous Vacuole Membrane, Anthony P. Sinai, Keith A. Joiner

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Toxoplasma gondii replicates within a specialized vacuole surrounded by the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM). The PVM forms intimate interactions with host mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a process termed PVM–organelle association. In this study we identify a likely mediator of this process, the parasite protein ROP2. ROP2, which is localized to the PVM, is secreted from anterior organelles termed rhoptries during parasite invasion into host cells. The NH₂-terminal domain of ROP2 (ROP2hc) within the PVM is exposed to the host cell cytosol, and has characteristics of a mitochondrial targeting signal. In in vitro assays, ROP2hc is …

Comparison Of The Quantification Of Caffeine In Human Plasma By Gas Chromatography And Elisa, A. B. Carregaro, W. E. Woods, Thomas Tobin, A. Queiroz-Neto

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

In the present study we evaluated the precision of the ELISA method to quantify caffeine in human plasma and compared the results with those obtained by gas chromatography. A total of 58 samples were analyzed by gas chromatography using a nitrogen-phosphorus detector and routine techniques. For the ELISA test, the samples were diluted to obtain a concentration corresponding to 50% of the absorbance of the standard curve. To determine whether the proximity between the I₅₀ of the standard curve and that of the sample would bring about a more precise result, the samples were divided into three blocks according …

Aluminium Toxicokinetics: An Updated Minireview, Robert A. Yokel, Patrick J. Mcnamara

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

This MiniReview updates and expands the MiniReview of aluminium toxicokinetics by Wilhelm et al. published by this journal in 1990. The use of ²⁶Al, analyzed by accelerator mass spectrometry, now enables determination of Al toxicokinetics under physiological conditions. There is concern about aluminium in drinking water. The common sources of aluminium for man are reviewed. Oral Al bioavailability from water appears to be about 0.3%. Food is the primary common source. Al bioavailability from food has not been adequately determined. Industrial and medicinal exposure, and perhaps antiperspirant use, can significantly increase absorbed aluminium. Inhalation bioavailability of airborne soluble Al …

Estrogen Protects Against The Synergistic Toxicity By Hiv Proteins, Methamphetamine And Cocaine, Jadwiga Turchan, Caroline Anderson, Kurt F. Hauser, Qinmiao Sun, Jiayou Zhang, Ying Liu, Phyllis M. Wise, Inna Kruman, William Maragos, Mark P. Mattson, Rosemarie Booze, Avindra Nath

Neurology Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to increase at alarming rates in drug abusers, especially in women. Drugs of abuse can cause long-lasting damage to the brain and HIV infection frequently leads to a dementing illness. To determine how these drugs interact with HIV to cause CNS damage, we used an in vitro human neuronal culture characterized for the presence of dopaminergic receptors, transporters and estrogen receptors. We determined the combined effects of dopaminergic drugs, methamphetamine, or cocaine with neurotoxic HIV proteins, gp120 and Tat.

RESULTS: Acute exposure to these substances resulted in synergistic neurotoxic responses as measured by …