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Rabies Management In The North, A One Health Problem In A Systems Theory Framework, Karsten Hueffer
Rabies Management In The North, A One Health Problem In A Systems Theory Framework, Karsten Hueffer
Arctic and Northern Studies
Rabies is a significant public health concern and is often described as the quintessential One Health problem, linking especially animal health to human health. I examine how rabies is managed in the circumpolar North with three cases: Alaska, Northwest Territories, and Svalbard. In this thesis, I describe rabies management in the North using a systems theory framework and explore challenges in this limited application of the One Health paradigm, focusing on animal and human health agencies and their interaction in rabies management in a northern environment. I conducted semi-structured interviews with fifteen key informants. My results indicate that most respondents …
An Odontometric Biodistance Analysis Of The Rong And The A'Chik, Mary Ashley Stough
An Odontometric Biodistance Analysis Of The Rong And The A'Chik, Mary Ashley Stough
Anthropology
Little is known about the population history and genetic affinities of many of the tribal groups of northeastern India, including the Rong and the A'chik. Previous linguistic and genetic studies have suggested that these non-Hindu tribal groups may be descendants of East Asian immigrants. Due to the linguistic and genetic research, cultural differences between the groups, and geographic barriers it was hypothesized that members of these two tribal groups share a population history different from that of ethnic groups of other regions of the subcontinent. This study employs tooth size allocation analysis to test hypotheses concerning the origins of the …
Trophic Pathways And Their Relationship To Growth In Nearshore Consumers Across The Northern Gulf Of Alaska, Katherine M. Corliss
Trophic Pathways And Their Relationship To Growth In Nearshore Consumers Across The Northern Gulf Of Alaska, Katherine M. Corliss
Marine Biology
Highly productive nearshore ecosystems in cold-temperate regions, such as the Northern Gulf of Alaska (NGOA), are supported by macroalgae and phytoplankton at the base of their food webs. Biomass of these primary producers varies seasonally, suggesting that longer-term environmental change could also shift biomass and/or range of basal producers. Our goal was to determine how proportional contributions of organic matter from macroalgae and phytoplankton to the diet of nearshore consumer species in the NGOA vary in space and time, and if these differences affect consumer growth. We used carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis to investigate diet sourcing of filter-feeding …
The Politics Of Penguin Pleasure: Why Animal Sexualities Matter To Humans, Nicole Emanuel
The Politics Of Penguin Pleasure: Why Animal Sexualities Matter To Humans, Nicole Emanuel
English
This thesis is about what it means to think with penguins. It explores the ways in which we form ideas about these animals, and how those ideas can impact our beliefs about our own lives, penguins' lives, and the kinds of relationships that exist among humans and non-humans. It includes a survey of penguin representations across media and culture, particularly focusing on children's television and movies, nature documentaries, and non-fiction accounts of polar travel. While these penguin-centric texts can vary strikingly in tone, the penguins themselves appear again and again in an appealing light. Across a wide range of time …
Commercial Fishing Livelihoods, Permit Loss, And The Next Generation In Bristol Bay, Alaska, Jesse M. Coleman
Commercial Fishing Livelihoods, Permit Loss, And The Next Generation In Bristol Bay, Alaska, Jesse M. Coleman
Fisheries
Fishing people across the globe have experienced a fundamental restructuring of their livelihoods, communities, and economies as the result of shifts to rights-based fisheries management in the past halfcentury. The ideological underpinnings of this movement are based in neoliberalism, which is a belief system that values individualism, competition, private property, and governance by the free market. I examine some of the long-term and latent effects of this and other significant historical transitions in the fishery-dependent Bristol Bay region of Alaska. Relationships between humans and salmon in Bristol Bay evolved over thousands of years and inform the way that many fishing …
New Views Of Humpback Whale Flow Dynamics And Oral Morphology During Prey Engulfment, Madison Kosma, Ellen M. Chenoweth, Janice M. Straley, Alexander J. Werth
New Views Of Humpback Whale Flow Dynamics And Oral Morphology During Prey Engulfment, Madison Kosma, Ellen M. Chenoweth, Janice M. Straley, Alexander J. Werth
Faculty, Staff, and Students
The rise of inexpensive, user-friendly cameras and editing software promises to revolutionize data collection with minimal disturbance to marine mammals. Video sequences recorded by aerial drones and GoPro cameras provided close-up views and unique perspectives of humpback whales engulfing juvenile salmon at or just below the water surface in Southeast Alaska and Prince William Sound. Although humpback feeding is famous for its flexibility, several stereotyped events were noted in the 47 lunges we analyzed. Engulfment was extremely rapid (mean 2.07 s), and the entrance through which the tongue inverts into the ventral pouch was seen as water rushes in. Cranial …
Whalesong 2018-12-07, Erin Laughlin, Kortney Stevens, Jordan Lewis, Sierra Lissick, Caitlin Burnham, Khrystl Brouillette, Melissa Scriven, Alyssa Madrid
Whalesong 2018-12-07, Erin Laughlin, Kortney Stevens, Jordan Lewis, Sierra Lissick, Caitlin Burnham, Khrystl Brouillette, Melissa Scriven, Alyssa Madrid
Whalesong
No abstract provided.
Essential Market Squid (Doryteuthis Opalescens) Embryo Habitat: A Baseline For Anticipated Ocean Climate Change., Navarro, P.E. Parnell, L.A. Levin
Essential Market Squid (Doryteuthis Opalescens) Embryo Habitat: A Baseline For Anticipated Ocean Climate Change., Navarro, P.E. Parnell, L.A. Levin
Faculty, Staff, and Students
The market squid Doryteuthis opalescens deposits embryo capsules onto the continental shelf from Baja Californiato southern Alaska, yet little is known about the environment of embryo habitat. This study provides a baseline of environmental data and insights on factors underlying site selection for embryo deposition off southern California, and defines current essential embryo habitat using (1) remotely operated vehicle–supported surveys of benthos and environmental variables, (2) SCUBA surveys, and (3) bottom measurements of T, S, pH, and O2. Here, embryo habitat is defined using embryo capsule density, capsule bed area, consistent bed footprint, and association with [O2] and pH (pCO2) …
Feeding Ecology Of Juvenile Sockeye Salmon In Afognak Lake, Alaska, Natura Richardson
Feeding Ecology Of Juvenile Sockeye Salmon In Afognak Lake, Alaska, Natura Richardson
Fisheries
Much attention has been given to juvenile Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) ecology with particular focus on pelagic food webs in deep nursery lakes. In contrast, this study took place at Afognak Lake, Alaska, to better understand juvenile Sockeye Salmon foraging ecology, potential consumer interactions, and metabolic opportunities and constraints in a shallow nursery lake. I collected fish every two weeks from Afognak Lake from May through August, 2013. I described ontogenetic and temporal variation in the diets of juvenile Sockeye Salmon and a potential competitor, adult Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Notably, this study revealed that adult aquatic insects are an …
Handheld Stand-Alone Microfluidics Compatible Field Use Fluorimeter For Analyzing The Concentration Of Analytes In A Sample, Matthew B. Anctil
Handheld Stand-Alone Microfluidics Compatible Field Use Fluorimeter For Analyzing The Concentration Of Analytes In A Sample, Matthew B. Anctil
Engineering
This thesis presents the work performed to produce a handheld fluorometric tool for the analysis of microfluidics lab chips. The first section of this thesis describes the methods used for the design and development of this fluorometric tool. Each of the major components was tested individually to determine how effectively it would perform under different circumstances and configurations. Compensations were made for the weaknesses identified in each of the major components. The second section describes the laboratory testing of the developed photofluorimeter. Initial testing was carried out using a photo fluorescent tracer dye known as fluorescein sodium salt. Additional testing …
Alpine Thermal Dynamics And Associated Constraints On The Behavior Of Mountain Goats In Southeast Alaska, Jeffrey HéBert Frederick
Alpine Thermal Dynamics And Associated Constraints On The Behavior Of Mountain Goats In Southeast Alaska, Jeffrey HéBert Frederick
Biological Sciences
Alpine Caprinae, including mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus), have been described to be sensitive to temperature changes within their summer range and consequently may be forced to select habitats that allow for the maintenance of a stable core temperature on warm days. Survival may be inhibited if warm ambient temperatures cause mountain goats to reduce time foraging or if too much time is spent on thermoregulatory habitat selection. I investigated mountain goat behavioral activity budgets across alpine temperature gradients in Southeast Alaska using focal animal sampling and scan sampling techniques. I tested the effects of temperature on mountain goat activity and …
Using Otolith Strontium Isotopes To Elucidate Population Structure And Movements Of Bering Cisco (Coregonus Laurettae), Andrew John Padilla
Using Otolith Strontium Isotopes To Elucidate Population Structure And Movements Of Bering Cisco (Coregonus Laurettae), Andrew John Padilla
Marine Biology
Methods for stock discrimination and tracking the movements and distribution of fishes have often involved expensive field logistics, a problem compounded in remote regions such as Alaska. An alternative approach is to use the chemical signatures preserved in otoliths, or ear bones, of teleost fishes to discriminate stocks or to track the movement history of fish. Currently, a commercial fishery targeting the anadromous Bering cisco Coregonus laurettae is occurring in the Yukon River, Alaska. There are only three known Bering cisco spawning rivers worldwide, the Yukon, South Fork Kuskokwim (Kuskokwim), and Susitna rivers. Managers and researchers believed that two of …
Genetic Population Structure And Dynamics Of Nearctic Bering Cisco And Applied Mixed-Stock Analysis Of The Yukon River Commercial Fishery, Ora L. Russ
Theses and Dissertations
Bering cisco (Coregonus laurettae) are anadromous salmonids with only three known spawning populations located in the Yukon, Kuskokwim, and Susitna river drainages, respectively in Alaska. Bering cisco are actively harvested in both subsistence and commercial fisheries in Alaska. The work presented herein was a genetic study conducted on Bering cisco with three main objectives: 1) to develop genetic markers for Bering cisco; 2) to evaluate the population structure of the Yukon, Kuskokwim, and Susitna spawning aggregations and 3) to use genetic mixed-stock analysis to estimate the contributions of baseline cisco populations to the Yukon Delta commercial harvest during 2010, 2011, …
The History Of Land Use On Alaska's Kenai River And Its Implications For Sustaining Salmon, Susan F. Loshbaugh
The History Of Land Use On Alaska's Kenai River And Its Implications For Sustaining Salmon, Susan F. Loshbaugh
Natural Resources
The Kenai River Watershed (KRW), in south-central Alaska, is famous for its salmon. Urbanization along the lower river damages habitat and stresses these valuable fish. Are the river's salmon runs sustainable if recent land-use trends continue? I used interdisciplinary approaches from environmental history and landscape science plus technologies such as geographic information systems (GIS) to describe the watershed's land-use history from 1947 to 2010 and to link land use and watershed management to the sustainability of salmon runs. Although the area appears wild compared to many salmon-producing watersheds in other states, it has a long history of intense use and …
Annual Report: 2012, N/A N/A
Annual Report: 2012, N/A N/A
Annual Reports
I submit herewith the annual reports from the Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, for the period ending December 31, 2012. This is done in accordance with an act of Congress, approved March 2, 1887, entitled, “An act to establish agricultural experiment stations, in connection with the agricultural college established in the several states under the provisions of an act approved July 2, 1862, and under the acts supplementary thereto,” and also of the act of the Alaska Territorial Legislature, approved March 12, 1935, accepting the provisions of the act …
Growth And Energetic Condition Of Dolly Varden Char In Coastal Arctic Waters, Jason T. Stolarski
Growth And Energetic Condition Of Dolly Varden Char In Coastal Arctic Waters, Jason T. Stolarski
Fisheries
Dolly Varden char Salvelinus malma are a dominant member of the nearshore Arctic icthyofauna and support one of the largest subsistence fisheries within Arctic coastal communities in Alaska. Despite this importance, numerous aspects of Dolly Varden ecology remain poorly understood, which inhibits efforts to assess the biological consequences of anthropogenic disturbances such as hydrocarbon extraction and climate change within nearshore areas. The goal of this research was to develop and apply new techniques to measure and assess the biological integrity of Dolly Varden populations. To do so, I evaluated the precision of age determination generated from scales, otoliths, and fin …
Investigation Of A New Detection Method For Adenosine: Binding Studies And Reaction Kinetics, Terilyn Lawson
Investigation Of A New Detection Method For Adenosine: Binding Studies And Reaction Kinetics, Terilyn Lawson
2013 Research Day Posters
No abstract provided.
Experimental And Theoretical Studies Of The Pollination Ecology Of Gynodioecy, James David Stone
Experimental And Theoretical Studies Of The Pollination Ecology Of Gynodioecy, James David Stone
Biological Sciences
Gynodioecy, a breeding system with females and hermaphrodites, is the most common dimorphic system in plants and found in more species than all other polymorphic systems combined. One unresolved question in gynodioecy evolution is how dramatic sex ratio variation (0-100% female) is maintained among populations. To address this gap, I used complementary empirical and theoretical approaches to ellucidate pollinators' role in the evolution and maintenance of gynodioecy and variation in gynodioecious sex ratios. I conducted two field studies restricting the types of pollinators available to artificial populations of Silene vulgaris. The first study contrasted pollination by pollen collectors, strongly favoring …
Population Continuity Or Replacement At Ancient Lachish? A Dental Affinity Analysis In The Levant, Clarissa R. Dicke-Toupin
Population Continuity Or Replacement At Ancient Lachish? A Dental Affinity Analysis In The Levant, Clarissa R. Dicke-Toupin
Anthropology
Are material culture changes between late Bronze and early Iron Age inhabitants of Lachish, in modern day Israel, the result of immigrants settling the region, or an in situ evolution of practices by the same indigenous peoples? The research objectives are to: 1) assess dental affinity of an Iron Age Lachish sample relative to its Bronze Age predecessor, and 2) compare data in both groups with European and North African comparative samples to estimate biological affinity within the Mediterranean area. In the process, two competing hypotheses are tested; one postulates continuity and the other population replacement between the Bronze and …
The Molecular Basis Of Aerobic Metabolic Remodeling In Threespine Stickleback In Response To Cold Acclimation, Julieanna Inez Orczewska
The Molecular Basis Of Aerobic Metabolic Remodeling In Threespine Stickleback In Response To Cold Acclimation, Julieanna Inez Orczewska
Chemistry and Biochemistry
Increases in mitochondrial density during cold acclimation have been documented in many fish species, however the mechanism regulating this process is not understood. The present study sought to characterize metabolic changes in response to cold acclimation and identify how these changes are regulated in oxidative muscle, glycolytic muscle and liver tissue of threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Fish were warm (20°C) or cold (8°C) acclimated for 9 weeks and harvested during acclimation. Mitochondrial volume density was quantified using transmission electron microscopy and aerobic metabolic capacity assessed by measuring the maximal activity of citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase. The molecular mechanism …
Traditional Knowledge And Fish Biology: A Study Of Bering Cisco In The Yukon River Delta, Alaska, David Michael Runfola
Traditional Knowledge And Fish Biology: A Study Of Bering Cisco In The Yukon River Delta, Alaska, David Michael Runfola
Fisheries
Relatively little is known about the biology of whitefishes (subfamily Coregoninae) in Alaska. To address this shortcoming, I combined social and biological science methods to examine whitefish in the Yukon River delta, Alaska. This study had two objectives: (1) to collaborate with Yup'ik subsistence fishers in sharing their knowledge of whitefish; and (2) to describe the life history of Bering cisco Coregonus laurettae. In August 2004, interview participants discussed Yup'ik traditional knowledge of whitefish. Participants shared knowledge of Bering cisco and other whitefish species. Interviews demonstrated the need for greater awareness of traditional knowledge, and the importance of communicating this …
Common Ravens In Alaska's North Slope Oil Fields: An Integrated Study Using Local Knowledge And Science, Stacia Ann Backensto
Common Ravens In Alaska's North Slope Oil Fields: An Integrated Study Using Local Knowledge And Science, Stacia Ann Backensto
Biological Sciences
Common ravens (Corvus corax) that nest on human structures in the Kuparuk and Prudhoe Bay oil fields on Alaska's North Slope are believed to present a predation risk to tundra-nesting birds in this area. In order to gain more information about the history of the resident raven population and their use of anthropogenic resources in the oil fields, I documented oil field worker knowledge of ravens in this area. In order to understand how anthropogenic subsidies in the oil fields affect the breeding population, I examined the influence of types of structures and food subsidies on raven nest site use …
Fishlines, 2010, N/A N/A
Bioanalytical Development Of Charged Cyclodextrin Capillary Electrokinetic Chromatography And Microperfusion Sampling To Study Endogenous D-Serine And L-Glutamate Efflux In Brain, Daniel L. Kirschner
Bioanalytical Development Of Charged Cyclodextrin Capillary Electrokinetic Chromatography And Microperfusion Sampling To Study Endogenous D-Serine And L-Glutamate Efflux In Brain, Daniel L. Kirschner
Chemistry and Biochemistry
A multitude of studies have revealed specific biological mechanisms that contribute to D-amino acid action and regulation in the mammalian central nervous system. The remarkable increase in our understanding of D-amino acid function and distribution in mammals is in many ways a result of the development of sensitive enantioselective separation strategies that allow for quantification in real biological samples. In capillary electrokinetic chromatography (cEKC) the most powerful chiral resolving agents are anionic cyclodextrins (CDs), yet these have not previously been investigated for chiral bioanalysis of amino acids. The focus of this dissertation research was to investigate for the first time …
Whalesong 2006-04-20, N/A N/A
Retrospective Analysis Of Marine Biological Data From Port Valdez, Alaska: A Case Study In Long -Term Monitoring, Arny L. Blanchard
Retrospective Analysis Of Marine Biological Data From Port Valdez, Alaska: A Case Study In Long -Term Monitoring, Arny L. Blanchard
Marine Biology
Efforts to understand anthropogenic effects within the Port Valdez study area provide a simple and adaptive model for developing and refining hypotheses to measure the structure of and detect, change in nearshore and benthic habitats. Drivers of change detected by this study are the 1964 Prince William Sound earthquake and the oil transportation and salmon aquaculture industries within the fjord. The study area is a glacial-outwash fjord characterized by strong seasonal and spatial environmental gradients due to glacial influences including seasonally low salinity, high suspended sediment loads, and subsequent high sedimentation rates. Direct and indirect effects from intolerance to low …
Agent-Based Modeling Of The Bristol Bay Drift Gillnet Salmon Fishery, Brandon Chasco, Gunnar Knapp, Ray Hilborn
Agent-Based Modeling Of The Bristol Bay Drift Gillnet Salmon Fishery, Brandon Chasco, Gunnar Knapp, Ray Hilborn
ISER Reports
Alaska’s Bristol Bay sockeye salmon fishery is the world’s largest fishery for this species. Between 1980 and 2005, annual catches averaged 24 million fish, with an annual average ex-vessel value of US$165 million. Historically, the Bristol Bay sockeye salmon fishery has accounted for 20-40% of the total value of Alaska salmon fisheries. Similar to most other Alaska salmon fisheries, Bristol Bay fisheries are managed to achieve escapement goals for several major river systems flowing into Bristol Bay. Fish- ing is allowed during period “openings” over the season to catch returning salmon surplus to escapement goals. In general, the current management …
Multiple Stable Isotopic Analyses ([Delta]¹³C, [Delta]¹⁵N, [Delta]¹⁸O, And [Delta]D) Of The Boulder Patch, A High Arctic Kelp Community: Trophic And Temporal Perspectives, Casey William Debenham
Multiple Stable Isotopic Analyses ([Delta]¹³C, [Delta]¹⁵N, [Delta]¹⁸O, And [Delta]D) Of The Boulder Patch, A High Arctic Kelp Community: Trophic And Temporal Perspectives, Casey William Debenham
Marine Biology
The Boulder Patch, a high Arctic kelp community, is a rarity in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. Considered a biodiversity oasis, this area provides habitat for many organisms. Trophic relationships, spatial patterns, and isotopic changes over time were examined within the Boulder Patch using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. 394 samples, representing over 55 species were analyzed. Isotope values showed considerable variability in the food web base, particularly for the kelp Laminaria solidungula. Isotopic values for most animals fit their known feeding strategies. Little spatial variation was observed in isotope values, however temporal differences were found in L. solidungula isotope values …
Current Primary Production Rates Of The Western Arctic Ocean Estimated By Stable Carbon And Nitrogen Isotope Tracers, Sang Heon Lee
Current Primary Production Rates Of The Western Arctic Ocean Estimated By Stable Carbon And Nitrogen Isotope Tracers, Sang Heon Lee
Marine Biology
Currently, the environments in the Arctic are rapidly changing. These changes of climate and ice conditions may alter the quantity, quality, and timing of production of ice algae and phytoplankton in the Arctic Ocean. The objectives in this study were to detect any change in the carbon production between current and previous studies and lay the groundwork for the future monitoring of ecosystem response to climate change in the different regions of the western Arctic Ocean. As an Arctic ocean mostly covered by multi or first-year ice, the deep Canada Basin had generally low photosynthetic rates and the maximum rates …
Kelp Bed Variability And Fish Population Dynamics In Kachemak Bay, Alaska, Judith Ann Hamilton
Kelp Bed Variability And Fish Population Dynamics In Kachemak Bay, Alaska, Judith Ann Hamilton
Marine Biology
Understanding interactions between kelp beds and fishes is essential because anthropogenic changes and natural variability in these beds (composition, density, and distribution) may affect available habitat for fishes. In Alaska, little is known about the annual and seasonal variability of macroalgal cover in kelp beds and corresponding changes in associated fish populations. This study investigated natural variability using monthly SCUBA surveys in Kachemak Bay, Alaska from May 2002 to September 2003. Ten shallow (approximately 7m water depth) nearshore kelp beds with varying degrees of macroalgal cover were surveyed visually for fishes and kelp, and measurements of environmental variables were collected. …