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Signer-Independent Sign Language Recognition With Feature Disentanglement, İnci̇ Meli̇ha Baytaş, İpek Erdoğan May 2024

Signer-Independent Sign Language Recognition With Feature Disentanglement, İnci̇ Meli̇ha Baytaş, İpek Erdoğan

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Learning a robust and invariant representation of various unwanted factors in sign language recognition (SLR) applications is essential. One of the factors that might degrade the sign recognition performance is the lack of signer diversity in the training datasets, causing a dependence on the singer’s identity during representation learning. Consequently, capturing signer-specific features hinders the generalizability of SLR systems. This study proposes a feature disentanglement framework comprising a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network based on adversarial training to learn a signer-independent sign language representation that might enhance the recognition of signs. We aim to …


Joint Control Of A Flying Robot And A Ground Vehicle Using Leader-Follower Paradigm, Ayşen Süheyla Bağbaşi, Ali Emre Turgut, Kutluk Bilge Arikan May 2024

Joint Control Of A Flying Robot And A Ground Vehicle Using Leader-Follower Paradigm, Ayşen Süheyla Bağbaşi, Ali Emre Turgut, Kutluk Bilge Arikan

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this study, a novel control framework for the collaboration of an aerial robot and a ground vehicle that is connected via a taut tether is proposed. The framework is based on a leader-follower paradigm. The leader follows a desired trajectory while the motion of the follower is controlled by an admittance controller using an extended state observer to estimate the tether force. Additionally, a velocity estimator is also incorporated to accurately assess the leader’s velocity. An essential feature of our system is its adaptability, enabling role switching between the robots when needed. Furthermore, the synchronization performance of the robots …


Stereo-Image-Based Ground-Line Prediction And Obstacle Detection, Emre Güngör, Ahmet Özmen May 2024

Stereo-Image-Based Ground-Line Prediction And Obstacle Detection, Emre Güngör, Ahmet Özmen

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In recent years, vision systems have become essential in the development of advanced driver assistance systems or autonomous vehicles. Although deep learning methods have been the center of focus in recent years to develop fast and reliable obstacle detection solutions, they face difficulties in complex and unknown environments where objects of varying types and shapes are present. In this study, a novel non-AI approach is presented for finding the ground-line and detecting the obstacles in roads using v-disparity data. The main motivation behind the study is that the ground-line estimation errors cause greater deviations at the output. Hence, a novel …


Cover And Contents May 2024

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

No abstract provided.


Unveiling Anomalies: A Survey On Xai-Based Anomaly Detection For Iot, Esin Eren, Feyza Yildirim Okay, Suat Özdemi̇r May 2024

Unveiling Anomalies: A Survey On Xai-Based Anomaly Detection For Iot, Esin Eren, Feyza Yildirim Okay, Suat Özdemi̇r

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In recent years, the rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has raised concerns about the security and reliability of IoT systems. Anomaly detection is vital for recognizing potential risks and ensuring the optimal functionality of IoT networks. However, traditional anomaly detection methods often lack transparency and interpretability, hindering the understanding of their decisions. As a solution, Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques have emerged to provide human-understandable explanations for the decisions made by anomaly detection models. In this study, we present a comprehensive survey of XAI-based anomaly detection methods for IoT. We review and analyze various XAI techniques, including …


Deep Learning-Based Breast Cancer Diagnosis With Multiview Of Mammography Screening To Reduce False Positive Recall Rate, Meryem Altın Karagöz, Özkan Ufuk Nalbantoğlu, Derviş Karaboğa, Bahriye Akay, Alper Baştürk, Halil Ulutabanca, Serap Doğan, Damla Coşkun, Osman Demi̇r May 2024

Deep Learning-Based Breast Cancer Diagnosis With Multiview Of Mammography Screening To Reduce False Positive Recall Rate, Meryem Altın Karagöz, Özkan Ufuk Nalbantoğlu, Derviş Karaboğa, Bahriye Akay, Alper Baştürk, Halil Ulutabanca, Serap Doğan, Damla Coşkun, Osman Demi̇r

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Breast cancer is the most prevalent and crucial cancer type that should be diagnosed early to reduce mortality. Therefore, mammography is essential for early diagnosis owing to high-resolution imaging and appropriate visualization. However, the major problem of mammography screening is the high false positive recall rate for breast cancer diagnosis. High false positive recall rates psychologically affect patients, leading to anxiety, depression, and stress. Moreover, false positive recalls increase costs and create an unnecessary expert workload. Thus, this study proposes a deep learning based breast cancer diagnosis model to reduce false positive and false negative rates. The proposed model has …


Text-To-Sql: A Methodical Review Of Challenges And Models, Ali Buğra Kanburoğlu, Faik Boray Tek May 2024

Text-To-Sql: A Methodical Review Of Challenges And Models, Ali Buğra Kanburoğlu, Faik Boray Tek

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

This survey focuses on Text-to-SQL, automated translation of natural language queries into SQL queries. Initially, we describe the problem and its main challenges. Then, by following the PRISMA systematic review methodology, we survey the existing Text-to-SQL review papers in the literature. We apply the same method to extract proposed Text-to-SQL models and classify them with respect to used evaluation metrics and benchmarks. We highlight the accuracies achieved by various models on Text-to-SQL datasets and discuss execution-guided evaluation strategies. We present insights into model training times and implementations of different models. We also explore the availability of Text-to-SQL datasets in non-English …


Security Fusion Method Of Physical Fitness Training Data Based On The Internet Of Things, Bin Zhou May 2024

Security Fusion Method Of Physical Fitness Training Data Based On The Internet Of Things, Bin Zhou

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Physical fitness training, an important way to improve physical fitness, is the basic guarantee for forming combat effectiveness. At present, the evaluation types of physical fitness training are mostly conducted manually. It has problems such as low efficiency, high consumption of human and material resources, and subjective factors affecting the evaluation results. ”Internet+” has greatly expanded the traditional network from the perspective of technological convergence and network coverage objects. It has expedited and promoted the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology and its applications. The IoT with many sensor nodes shows the characteristics of acquisition information redundancy, node …


Dpafy-Gcaps: Denoising Patch-And-Amplify Gabor Capsule Network For The Recognition Of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Henrietta Adjei Pokuaa, Adeboya Felix Adekoya, Benjamin Asubam Weyori, Owusu Nyarko-Boateng May 2024

Dpafy-Gcaps: Denoising Patch-And-Amplify Gabor Capsule Network For The Recognition Of Gastrointestinal Diseases, Henrietta Adjei Pokuaa, Adeboya Felix Adekoya, Benjamin Asubam Weyori, Owusu Nyarko-Boateng

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Deep learning (DL) models have performed tremendously well in image classification. This good performance can be attributed to the availability of massive data in most domains. However, some domains are known to have few datasets, especially the health sector. This makes it difficult to develop domain-specific high-performing DL algorithms for these fields. The field of health is critical and requires accurate detection of diseases. In the United States Gastrointestinal diseases are prevalent and affect 60 to 70 million people. Ulcerative colitis, polyps, and esophagitis are some gastrointestinal diseases. Colorectal polyps is the third most diagnosed malignancy in the world. This …


Cover And Contents May 2024

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Botany

No abstract provided.


Two New Species Of Inocybe (Inocybaceae: Agaricomycetes) From Turkey Based On Morphological Characteristics And Phylogenetic Evidence, Oğuzhan Kaygusuz, Ditte Bandini, Henning Knudsen, Meike Piepenbring May 2024

Two New Species Of Inocybe (Inocybaceae: Agaricomycetes) From Turkey Based On Morphological Characteristics And Phylogenetic Evidence, Oğuzhan Kaygusuz, Ditte Bandini, Henning Knudsen, Meike Piepenbring

Turkish Journal of Botany

During a survey of agarics in the Mediterranean region of southwestern Turkey, some noteworthy mushrooms were collected. Among the specimens, two represent new species of Inocybe which are proposed and illustrated in this study as Inocybe pseudogeophylla and I. succinea. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on a nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and partial 28S rDNA (LSU) dataset reveal that these species belong to the Inocybe geophylla group. The sequences of the new species form two independent lineages and differ from the known species of Inocybe by a unique combination of morphological characteristics. Detailed macro- and micromorphological features, colour photographs, habitat and …


Cephalaria Gokturkii (Caprifoliaceae), A New Species From Southwestern Anatolia, Türkiye, Gürkan Semi̇z, Meryem Bozkurt, Batıkan Günal, Tuna Uysal May 2024

Cephalaria Gokturkii (Caprifoliaceae), A New Species From Southwestern Anatolia, Türkiye, Gürkan Semi̇z, Meryem Bozkurt, Batıkan Günal, Tuna Uysal

Turkish Journal of Botany

A new Cephalaria (Caprifoliaceae) species, Cephalaria gokturkii, is described and illustrated from Girdev Mountain (Muğla Province) for the Flora of Türkiye. Throughout this manuscript, the new species and its relatives were compared in terms of morphological, palynological and molecular features. The obtained findings indicated that the new species is similar to C. elmaliensis but is characterized by having larger capitula and receptacular bracts in flower (vs. 1‒2 cm capitula and less than 3 mm in flower) and hairy trigonous-narrowly ovate involucral bracts (vs. glabrous and broadly ovate involucral bracts) and smaller involucels (vs. involucels longer than 10 mm in fruit). …


Eco-Assessment Of Phytoplankton Composition In Relation To Environmental Conditions Of Saltwater And Freshwater Lakes In The Konya Closed Basin (Türkiye), Abuzer Çelekli, Ömer Lekesiz, Tolga Çetin May 2024

Eco-Assessment Of Phytoplankton Composition In Relation To Environmental Conditions Of Saltwater And Freshwater Lakes In The Konya Closed Basin (Türkiye), Abuzer Çelekli, Ömer Lekesiz, Tolga Çetin

Turkish Journal of Botany

Great importance is given to maintaining lentic ecosystems, threatened by human-induced consequences worldwide. The present study hypothesized to assess differences in species-environment relationships and ecological status of 15 lakes (saline water systems, high-altitude freshwater lakes, and other freshwater lakes) in the Konya Closed River Basin using phytoplankton indices throughout wet and dry periods. Results of canonical correspondence analysis separated saline and freshwater (high-altitude) habitats, which were characterized by different phytoplankton species. Total phosphorus (TP), electrical conductivity (EC), nickel-Ni, and altitude were the most influential environmental factors affecting phytoplankton dispersal in these ecosystems. Saline lakes were under pressure of high EC, …


The Sect. Tricheroides In The Genus Knautia (Caprifoliaceae) Is More Complex Then Known: An Unusual New Species From Türkiye, Candan Aykurt, Mertcan Gülben, Sinem Günaydin, Duygu Sari, Ramazan Süleyman Göktürk, Emirhan Berberoğlu, Serkan Gülsoy May 2024

The Sect. Tricheroides In The Genus Knautia (Caprifoliaceae) Is More Complex Then Known: An Unusual New Species From Türkiye, Candan Aykurt, Mertcan Gülben, Sinem Günaydin, Duygu Sari, Ramazan Süleyman Göktürk, Emirhan Berberoğlu, Serkan Gülsoy

Turkish Journal of Botany

During a biodiversity survey in the Western Taurus Mountains (Antalya, Türkiye), a new species of the genus Knautia (Dipsacoideae, Caprifoliaceae), K. sivridaghense, was discovered. The new species, which is characterized by its dwarf caespitose perennial habit, is found in rocky places under mixed forests at elevations of 1400–1450 m. Knautia sivridaghense is distinguished from its morphologically similar species, K. goecmenii, especially by its dwarf caespitose perennial habit, unbranched stems, length of involucral bracts, and other floral characteristics. Our phylogenetic analyses based on the nuclear ITS and chloroplast petN(ycf6)-psbM regions confirm its placement within Sect. Tricheroides, contributing to the understanding of …


Integer Representations Of Classical Weyl Groups, Hasan Arslan, Alnour Altoum, Mariam Zaarour May 2024

Integer Representations Of Classical Weyl Groups, Hasan Arslan, Alnour Altoum, Mariam Zaarour

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we define a mixed-base number system over a Weyl group Dn , the group of even-signed permutations. We introduce one-to-one correspondence between the positive integers of the set {1, · · · , 2n−1n!} and elements of this group, after constructing the subexceedant function associated with the group. Thus, the integer representations of all the classical Weyl groups are now completed. Furthermore, we present an inversion statistic on the group Dn by using a decomposition of a positive root system of this reflection group. This inversion statistic is compatible with the length function on the group Dn …


Dynamics Of Compositions Of Some Lotka–Volterra Mappings Operating In A Two-Dimensional Simplex, Dilfuza Eshmamatova, Farrukh Yusupov May 2024

Dynamics Of Compositions Of Some Lotka–Volterra Mappings Operating In A Two-Dimensional Simplex, Dilfuza Eshmamatova, Farrukh Yusupov

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In a number of applied problems (immunology, epidemiology, virology, etc.), there is a need to study the dynamics of the trajectories of the compositions of the Lotka–Volterra mappings. In this paper, some variants of these compositions are considered, in particular, the dynamics of the trajectories of the compositions of the Lotka–Volterra mappings acting in a two-dimensional simplex, with transitive tournaments, which can be applied in the study of these processes. Cards of fixed points are constructed for compositions and the characters of fixed points are studied.


Alternative Solution To The Fractional Differential Equation With Recurrence Relationship, Luciano L. Luque, Gustavo Abel Dorrego May 2024

Alternative Solution To The Fractional Differential Equation With Recurrence Relationship, Luciano L. Luque, Gustavo Abel Dorrego

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

A different solution from the one already known for sequential fractional differential equations with recurrence relation is proposed. This solution involves a Mittag-Leffler type function, which satisfies a recurrence property compatible with the behavior of sequential fractional differential equations with recurrence relation.


On The Dual Pseudo-Spherical Elastic Curves, Gözde Özkan Tükel, Ahmet Yücesan May 2024

On The Dual Pseudo-Spherical Elastic Curves, Gözde Özkan Tükel, Ahmet Yücesan

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We investigate a dual bending energy functional that operates on the dual pseudo-sphere in dual Lorentzian space. For a nonnull dual curve on the dual pseudo-sphere to be considered elastic, it must satisfy the conditions of a dual Euler-Lagrange equation. To solve this problem, we use Jacobi elliptic functions to approach the real part and the integral factors method to solve the dual part. Using E. Study mapping, we examine situations where every timelike or spacelike dual elastic curve on the dual pseudo-sphere matches an elastic strip with a suitable base curve in Minkowski 3-space.


Cover And Contents May 2024

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Zoology

No abstract provided.


Post-Mucilage Status Of The Teleost Fish Assemblages In The Sea Of Marmara, Mustafa Sari, Uğur Karadurmuş May 2024

Post-Mucilage Status Of The Teleost Fish Assemblages In The Sea Of Marmara, Mustafa Sari, Uğur Karadurmuş

Turkish Journal of Zoology

A frightening mucilage event occurred in the Sea of Marmara (SoM) from November 2020 to July 2021, leaving devastating effects on maritime industries, fishing activities and the benthic ecosystem. The mucilage led to intense fish mortalities, particularly affecting species like smelt, anchovy, and picarel, with severe consequences for benthic ecosystems and various marine species. This study aims to analyze the possible long-term effects of the recent mucilage disaster on species diversity and biomass by assessing the current status of teleost fish assemblages in the SoM. The data set is based on bottom trawl surveys carried out at 52 points at …


Occlusal Surface Variations In Genetically-Identified Specimens Of The Genus Apodemus (Mammalia: Rodentia) Distributed In The Northern Anatolia Region And Three Turkish Islands: Gökçeada, Marmara Island And Bozcaada, Duygu Korkmaz, Engin Selvi̇, Nuri Yi̇ği̇t, Ercüment Çolak May 2024

Occlusal Surface Variations In Genetically-Identified Specimens Of The Genus Apodemus (Mammalia: Rodentia) Distributed In The Northern Anatolia Region And Three Turkish Islands: Gökçeada, Marmara Island And Bozcaada, Duygu Korkmaz, Engin Selvi̇, Nuri Yi̇ği̇t, Ercüment Çolak

Turkish Journal of Zoology

A total of 134 Apodemus samples, whose genetic diagnoses had been previously conducted, were morphologically examined from 39 localities in Northern Anatolia, Thrace, Gökçeada, Bozcaada and the Marmara Island. The variation boundaries of dental variations in the distribution areas of five Apodemus species (Apodemus flavicollis, Apodemus witherbyi, Apodemus sylvaticus, Apodemus uralensis, Apodemus mystacinus) included in the research were determined. The defining morphological characters of Apodemus species, which have a complex taxonomic status, and their variations according to regions were identified using samples that had undergone genetic diagnoses. It was determined whether geographical barriers such as the Marmara Sea, the Bosphorus …


Assessing Population Size And Survival Rate Of Pelophylax Bedriagae Caralitanus, In A Well-Protected Nature Park In Türkiye, Ayfer Şirin, Akın Kiraç, Gürçay Kıvanç Akyildiz, Eyup Başkale May 2024

Assessing Population Size And Survival Rate Of Pelophylax Bedriagae Caralitanus, In A Well-Protected Nature Park In Türkiye, Ayfer Şirin, Akın Kiraç, Gürçay Kıvanç Akyildiz, Eyup Başkale

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Estimating population trends provides valuable information for conservation biologists. Although there are many methods for estimating demographic rates, capture-mark-recapture (CMR) methods are known to be the most realistic method that can provide detailed data on individuals and populations, including the achievement of conservation goals. This study focused on determining the population trend of Pelophylax bedriagae caralitanus, Beyşehir frog using the CMR method in a protected area during the 2011 - 2019 breeding seasons. Our CMR data led to the selection of a model-considering constant survival rates, capture/recapture probabilities, and year-specific immigration/emigration patterns [Φ(··) y'(t) y''(t) p(··) = c(··) N(t)]-as the …


The Common Wall Lizard Podarcis Muralis (Reptilia: Lacertidae) Shows Diverse Food Preferences And Intraspecific Difference: A Study Case From Bulgaria, Emiliya Vacheva, Borislav Naumov May 2024

The Common Wall Lizard Podarcis Muralis (Reptilia: Lacertidae) Shows Diverse Food Preferences And Intraspecific Difference: A Study Case From Bulgaria, Emiliya Vacheva, Borislav Naumov

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The Common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) has the largest range among the genus Podarcis. Although there are a number of studies on its diet, data on regional level remains insufficient, particularly from a purely ecological perspective. We investigated 194 individual faecal samples of P. muralis obtained from two localities in western Bulgaria with the aim of clarifying the composition of the trophic spectrum of the species, as well as the intra-population characteristics in terms of age and sex. In one study site we compared the realized trophic niche (prey items from the faecal pellets) with the fundamental (invertebrates collected via …


Sexual Size Dimorphism Of Darevskia Schaekeli (Sauria: Lacertidae), Seyyed Saeed Hosseinian Yousefkhani, Saeed Morvari May 2024

Sexual Size Dimorphism Of Darevskia Schaekeli (Sauria: Lacertidae), Seyyed Saeed Hosseinian Yousefkhani, Saeed Morvari

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Sexual dimorphism has been established as one of the important evolutionary results in the process of sexual selection between males and females of different species. Distinct morphological features between males and females can also be seen in reptiles. Lizards of the genus Darevskia show sexual dimorphism, as Darevskia schaekeli was studied as an example. The morphological traits investigated between males and females of this species showed that head length, trunk length, length of forelimbs and hindlimbs as well as the number of femoral pores are more in males than in females. All these morphological traits, which were more in males …


Cover And Contents May 2024

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

No abstract provided.


Existence And Nonexistence Of Permutation Trinomials And Quadrinomials, Zhiguo Ding, Michael Zieve May 2024

Existence And Nonexistence Of Permutation Trinomials And Quadrinomials, Zhiguo Ding, Michael Zieve

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

For each q of the form 4k , we determine all a ∈ Fq for which X + Xq + X2q−1 + aXq2−q+1 permutes Fq2 . We also construct a class of permutation trinomials over Fq2 in case q ≡ 1 (mod 3) .


Ranks Of Certain Semigroups Of Transformations With Idempotent Complement Whose Restrictions Belong To A Given Semigroup, Leyla Bugay, Ruki̇ye Sönmez, Hayrullah Ayik May 2024

Ranks Of Certain Semigroups Of Transformations With Idempotent Complement Whose Restrictions Belong To A Given Semigroup, Leyla Bugay, Ruki̇ye Sönmez, Hayrullah Ayik

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

For n ≥ 2, let Pn , In , Tn , and Sn be the partial transformation semigroup, symmetric inverse semigroup, (full) transformation semigroup, and symmetric group on the set Xn = {1, . . . , n}, respectively. In this paper, we find the ranks of certain subsemigroups of Pn , In , and Tn consisting of transformations with idempotent complement whose restrictions to the set Xm belong to the (possible) semigroup Sm, Im, Tm, or Pm for 1 ≤ m ≤ n − 1.


Approximation By Operators Involving Δh -Gould-Hopper Appell Polynomials, Bi̇lge Zehra Sergi̇ Yilmaz, Gürhan İçöz May 2024

Approximation By Operators Involving Δh -Gould-Hopper Appell Polynomials, Bi̇lge Zehra Sergi̇ Yilmaz, Gürhan İçöz

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

The present paper deals with the approximation properties of the linear positive operators, including Δh -Gould-Hopper Appell polynomials. We investigate some theorems for convergence of the operators and their approximation degrees with the help of the classical approach, Peetre’s K-functional, Lipschitz class and Voronovskajatype theorem. In the last section of the paper, we introduce the Kantorovich form of the operators and examine the approximation degree.


Conformal-Projective Transformations On Statistical And Semi-Weyl Manifolds With Torsion, Adara M. Blaga, Antonella Nannicini May 2024

Conformal-Projective Transformations On Statistical And Semi-Weyl Manifolds With Torsion, Adara M. Blaga, Antonella Nannicini

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We show that statistical and semi-Weyl structures with torsion are invariant under conformal-projective transformations. We prove that a nondegenerate submanifold of a semi-Weyl (respectively, statistical) manifold with torsion is also a semi-Weyl (respectively, statistical) manifold with torsion, and that the induced structures of two conformal-projective equivalent semi-Weyl (respectively, statistical) structures with torsion on a manifold to a nondegenerate submanifold, are conformal-projective equivalent, too. Also, we prove that the umbilical points of a nondegenerate hypersurface in a semi-Weyl manifold with torsion are preserved by conformal-projective changes. Then we consider lightlike hypersurfaces of semi-Weyl manifolds with torsion and we describe similarities and …


Some New Results On Generalized Hyers-Ulam Stability In Modular Function Spaces, Mozhgan Taliman, Mahdi Azhini, Shahram Rezapour May 2024

Some New Results On Generalized Hyers-Ulam Stability In Modular Function Spaces, Mozhgan Taliman, Mahdi Azhini, Shahram Rezapour

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this work, we present a new weighted method for proving the generalized Hyers-Ulam stability for nonlinear Volterra integral equations in modular spaces. Using the same technique, we also prove the generalized Hyers- Ulam stability for nonlinear functional equations under Δ2 conditions. Fixed-point theorems in modular spaces form the foundation of our main conclusions.