Digital Commons Network^™

Zastosowanie Modelowania Matematycznego Do Oceny Zanieczyszczenia Powietrza Powodowanego Przez Motoryzację, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz, Bożena Biernat-Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the results of an inventory of sources of air emissions from the city of Nowy Sacz (Poland) with regard to pollutant emissions from road transport, industrial processes, combustion plants and low-emissions from household furnaces. Particular attention has been devoted to assessing the impact of traffic on air quality in the city. Specified share of emissions from motor vehicles in the state of air pollution in the city center and its outskirts using the method of the atmospheric dispersion modeling.

English title: The use of mathematical modeling to assess air pollution caused by road transport.

The Economic Value Of Hiking, James F. Casey

James F Casey

The paper tests ‘twoalternative specifications for the opportunity cost of time in travel cost models. The standard travel cost survey design is enriched to include a contingent valuation type question about peoples’ willingness to accept compensation to forgo a precisely defined recreational experience. It is hypothesized that individually revealed value of time more appropriately reflects the opportunity costs of time associated with a particular aspect of recreation than the wage rate which measures the trade-off between work and leisure generally. The results seem to indicate a better overall tit for the models with the elicited value of individual consumer’s time …

Review Of Game Theory And The Social Contract: Volume 1, Playing Fair By Ken Binmore, Eric Bennett Rasmusen

Eric Bennett Rasmusen

A review of Binmore's book using game theory in setting up foundations for constitutional theory.

Optimal Survey Design For Community Intervention Evaluations: Cohort Or Cross-Sectional?, Paula Diehr

Paula Diehr

Community intervention evaluations that measure changes over time may conduct repeated cross-sectional surveys, follow a cohort of residents over time, or (often) use both designs. Each survey design has implications for precision and cost. To explore these issues, we assume that two waves of surveys are conducted, and that the goal is to estimate change in behavior for people who reside in the community at both times. Cohort designs are shown to provide more accurate estimates (in the sense of lower mean squared error) than cross-sectional estimates if (1) there is strong correlation over time in an individual's behavior at …

Report To Regents On National Research Council Study, Richard Atkinson

Richard Atkinson

No abstract provided.

Predictable And Unpredictable Error In Tort Awards: The Effect Of Plaintiff Self Selection And Signalling, Eric Bennett Rasmusen

Eric Bennett Rasmusen

If a tort plaintiff can predict that the court will overestimate damages he is more likely to bring a case, but if the court is aware of this, it may wish to adjust its awards accordingly. In general, court error implies that the court should adjust for regression to the mean, moderating extreme awards whether they be high or low. Predictable error, however, tends to make a downwards adjustment optimal and unpredictable error an upwards adjustment, because of plaintiff selection and signalling.

Trade And Transboundary Pollution, M. Scott Taylor, Brian R. Copeland

M. Scott Taylor

This paper examines how national income and trading opportunities interact to determine the level and incidence of world pollution. We find that: (1) free trade raises world pollution if incomes differ substantially across countries; (2) if trade equalizes factor prices, human-capital-abundant countries lose from trade, while human capital scarce countries gain; (3) international trade in pollution permits can lower world pollution even when governments' supply of permits is unrestricted; (4) international income transfers may not affect world pollution or welfare; and (5) attempts to manipulate the terms of trade with pollution policy leave world pollution unaffected.

Workplace Safety Is Everyone's Concern, Douglas J. Swanson Ed.D Apr

Douglas J. Swanson, Ed.D APR

No abstract provided.

Trajectory Mapping And Applications To Data From The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, Gary A. Morris, Mark R. Schoeberl, Lynn C. Sparling, Paul A. Newman, Leslie R. Lait, Lee Elson, Joe Waters, Robert A. Suttie, Aidan Roche, Jack Kumer, James M. Russell Iii

Gary A. Morris

The problem of creating synoptic maps from asynoptically gathered trace gas data has prompted the development of a number of schemes. Most notable among these schemes are the Kalman filter, the Salby-Fourier technique, and constituent reconstruction. This paper explores a new technique called "trajectory mapping." Trajectory mapping creates synoptic maps from asynoptically gathered data by advecting measurements backward or forward in time using analyzed wind fields. A significant portion of this work is devoted to an analysis of errors in synoptic trajectory maps associated with the calculation of individual parcel trajectories. In particular, we have considered (1) calculational errors; (2) …

Closing Military Bases (Finally)): Solving Collective Dilemmas Through Delegation, Kenneth R. Mayer

Kenneth R Mayer

No abstract provided.

Why The Study Of Mathematics Is One Of The Liberal Arts, David Bressoud

David Bressoud

No abstract provided.

Poicen.Sas : Censored Poisson Regression, Joseph Hilbe, Gordon Johnston

Joseph M Hilbe

SAS Macro to estimate censored Poisson data, using method of Hilbe. See Hilbe, Joseph M (2011), Negative Binomial Regression, 2nd ed (Cambridge University Press)

Between The Lines: Seeking True Culpabaility, Mirah Riben

Mirah Riben

No abstract provided.

Breaking The Matches In A Paired T-Test For Community Interventions When The Number Of Pairs Is Small, Paula Diehr

Paula Diehr

There is considerable interest in community interventions for health promotion, where the community is the experimental unit. Because such interventions are expensive, the number of experimental units (communities) is usually small. Because of the small number of communities involved, investigators often match treatment and control communities on demographic variables before randomization to minimize the possibility of a bad split. Unfortunately, matching has been shown to decrease the power of the design when the number of pairs is small, unless the matching variable is very highly correlated with the outcome variable (in this case, with change in the health behaviour). We …

An Epidemiological Survey Of Oral Mucosal Lesions Among Elderly Malaysians, Taiyeb Ali T. B., Razak I. A., Raja Latifah R. J., Rosnah Binti Zain

Prof. Dr. Rosnah Binti Zain

A house to house random survey on elderly subjects was undertaken in the District of Klang in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OML) among the elderly in this area. The primary units in the sampling frame were the Enumeration Blocks (EBs) as defined under the population census. All households of the selected EBs were considered as sampling units and members aged 60 and above were considered as respondents. There was a slight preponderance of females, with the Malays comprising the majority of the subjects. Of the 486 respondents, mean aged …

La Ciudad Es Un Libro Abierto, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

La tecnología y los medios de comunicación progresan a niveles históricos, con lo cual las distancias sociales, cronológicas e históricas se reducen. De esta manera, el tiempo y el espacio asumen nuevas connotaciones, redefiniendo la vida de la población. A nivel urbano se producen cambios notables en la relación comunicación y ciudad que se expresa en las nuevas formas de articulación interurbana, población-ciudad, gobierno local-sociedad y redes sociales.

How To Improve Your Professional Credibility, Douglas J. Swanson Ed.D Apr

Douglas J. Swanson, Ed.D APR

No abstract provided.

Results Of A Delphi Study On Transport Research Needs, Marcus Ramsay Wigan

Marcus R Wigan

A Delphi survey was undertaken with a selection of professionals in academic, government and consulting across the world. The objective was to identify the application areas where priorities should be placed, and the current status of the research and information tools needed to address them. For this reason both modelling and application experts were included. The shifts in priorities over the last five years, and the differences in view between the three sectors are presented. The attitudes towards a range of specific research and development directions were also assessed. Later republished in the Journal of Transport Statistics, but without this, …

Violencia, Drogras Y Alienación Cultural, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

América Latina es un continente crecientemente urbano. A fines del siglo más del 78% de su poblad6n vivirá en ciudades. Actualmente existen 65 áreas metropolitanas en la región.

Se ha modificado el rol de las ciudades, lo que trae consigo la aparición de nuevos problemas y nuevas dimensiones a viejos problemas. Entre los problemas nuevos destacan el deterioro del medio ambiente, y el de la violencia urbana o la inseguridad ciudadana. En realidad éste no es un problema nuevo, pues es consubstancial a la ciudad. Lo novedoso estriba en que hay nuevas manifestaciones de la violencia, yen que ésta se …

Ocena I Weryfikacja Lokalizacji Stanowisk Pomiarowych Imisji Zanieczyszczeń Powietrza W Województwie Kieleckim, Marian Mazur, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

The paper presents the implementation of air pollution monitoring in the province of Kielce (Poland), associated with verification of the location and the measuring range of points to measure the concentrations of air pollutants. For this purpose were used calculations of the pollutants dispersion and statistical analysis of measurement results obtained on existing measuring stations. In the statistical calculations were used analysis of variance homogeneity, based on Cochran, Bartlett and Hartley tests. As a result of analysis and calculations, it was found that the original location is not always correct and does not reflect the spatial differentiation of pollutant concentrations. …

Avances Y Limitaciones En La Descentralización, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

El Municipio ecuatoriano se constituyó corno instancia de gobierno local siguiendo el modelo español traído por los conquistadores, pero con mayor autonomía que en España debido a la distancia que lo separaba del poder central. Esta autonomía respecto de la corona española se contraponía con la dependencia aciertos grupos minoritarios locales. Tanto así que no hubo una clara separación entre lo público y lo privado, porque las dos esferas compartían el ejercicio de la autoridad negando las posibilidades de una más amplia participación y representación sociales.

A partir del siglo XVII, con la creación de las Reales Audiencias, se inicia …

A Survey Of Theories Of The Family, Ted Bergstrom

Ted C Bergstrom

This review explores the theory of household technology and the associated possibilities for distributing utility among household members. It also explores decision theory within the household, drawing on standard consumer decision theory. The review discusses models of equilbrium in which families are formed by persons voluntarily choosing mates. This theory is analogous to ``Tiebout theory'' in urban economics, where the objects of choice include not only the amount of public goods supplied in each city, but also which individuals live in each place. An aspect of family life that has fewer parallels in the economics of market economies is intrafamilial …

The Case For Affirmative Auction: From Conscience To Coffers, Ian Ayres, Peter Cramton

Peter Cramton

The Federal Communications Commission’s auction of wireless communication licenses last fall has been criticized as a huge Government giveaway because of the substantial bidding preferences granted to women and minorities. In March, Federal court action delayed the FCC’s June auction until August to consider the legality of similar preferences. But far from being a giveaway, affirmative action actually increased the total amount paid to the Government by about $15 million. Women and minority bidders were granted a 40 percent bidding credit on certain licenses and the right to pay the Government in installments over 10 years at a favorable rate. …

Internet Use And Training In University Libraries, Carol Tenopir, Ralf Neufang

Carol Tenopir

No abstract provided.

The Illicit Trade In Cultural Property: What Is The Appropriate Response?, Stacey R. Jessiman

Stacey R Jessiman

This April 1995 article explores the potential efficacy of the draft 1995 UNIDROIT CONVENTION ON STOLEN OR ILLEGALLY EXPORTED CULTURAL OBJECTS and preferred responses to the illicit trade in cultural property.

Unconstitutional Incontestability?: The Intersection Of The Intellectual Property And Commerce Clauses Of The Constitution: Beyond A Critique Of Shakespeare Co. V. Silstar Corp., Malla Pollack

Malla Pollack

This article makes several assertions: (1) The Intellectual Property Clause of the Constitution, even read with the Commerce Clause, prevents Congress from giving authors or inventors exclusive rights unbounded by premeasured time limitations; (2) Because such limits exist, even incontestable trademarks must be subject to functionality challenges in order to prevent conflict with the Patent Clause; (3) The Intellectual Property Clause requires a similar challenge to prevent conflict with the Copyright Clause; (4) The states are also limited by either direct constitutional mandate or statutory preemption. Based on the first two assertions, this article argues that the Fourth Circuit's decision …

An "Extended -10" Promoter Alone Directs The Transcription Of The Dpnii Operon Of Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Alexander G. Sabelnikov, Bill Greenberg, Sanford Lacks

Alexander G Sabelnikov

No abstract provided.

Including Deaths When Measuring Health Status Over Time, Paula Diehr

Paula Diehr

Measuring health status over time is problematic when some subjects die, because death does not have a defined value on most health status measures. This situation is different from the usual missing data problem because the health status of the dead is, in a sense, known. We examined eight strategies for incorporating deaths into such analyses using three health status measures taken from two data sets, after which we used computer simulation to explore more fully the effect of deaths. The strategies differed in the amount of influence given to the deaths, varying from none (deaths were discarded) to complete …

De La Violencia Urbana A La Convivencia Ciudadana, Fernando Carrión Mena

Fernando Carrión Mena

No se puede desconocer que el problema de la violencia delictual, como fenómeno social que tiene expresión en las ciudades, existe desde tiempos inmemoriales, y que, por tanto, no es nuevo, al grado que se podría decir, es consustancial a la ciudad. Tal afirmación nos debe llevar a replantear la tradicional aproximación que se ha hecho al tema de la violencia –pero también a lo urbano- desde aquellas metodologías que lo interpretan como resultado de un conjunto de patologías…

The Effect Of Thermocycling On The Fatigue Behavior Of Dental Composites, Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.

Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim Abu Kasim N.H.

The effect of thermocycling on the fatigue behaviour of 2 microfilled composites; Silux Plus3 and Heliomolar2 and 3 hybrid composites; P502, Cleafil Photo Posterior3 (both light-activated) and Cleafil Posterior3 (chemically-activated) was investigated using a ball mill. Ninety specimens (2 x 2 x 25mm) of each material were used. The specimes were divided into 3 groups of 30 and were stored for 24 h in water at 37oC (Group A), subjected to 104 thermal cycle over 45 days (Group B) and stored in water at 37oC for 45 days (Group C). Ten specimens of each material were tested in a 0.5 …