Digital Commons Network^™

Stewards Of Data: A Practical Handbook For Undergraduate Researchers In Engineering And Applied Sciences, Şenay Purzer, Wei Zakharov, Carla B. Zoltowski

Purdue University Press Books

Filled with actionable guides and real-world examples, Stewards of Data: A Practical Handbook for Undergraduate Researchers in Engineering and Applied Sciences allows readers to utilize the provided templates and guides almost immediately. In today’s world, data is ubiquitous and AI is growing exponentially. Practicing ethical data management is, therefore, crucial. Ensuring that data is findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable is essential. This book is an interdisciplinary effort aimed at embedding ethical data life-cycle management education into undergraduate research. The authors present a Data Steward Framework, which serves as a guide for undergraduate researchers, the graduate students who mentor them, postdocs, …

Exploring Conceptions Of Engineering Design And Sustainability In Informal K–12 Engineering Education, Mobina Beheshti, Eunice Y. Kang, Avneet Hira

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

In this study we investigate K–12 students’ conceptualizations of sustainability, their perspectives on the role of engineers in sustainable practices, and how augmented reality (AR) can facilitate sustainability-oriented engineering design activities in informal settings. The AR technology used in this study includes the Merge Cube (a physical cube that serves as a digital canvas for AR) and CoSpaces Edu (an online platform that allows students to create 3D models and animate them using code). We employ a design-based research methodology, using qualitative narrative and artifact analysis to address the research questions: (1) What are students’ conceptions of sustainability and the …

Ivory Towers Have Glass Ceilings: Institutional Responsibility In Promotion To Full Professor, Chardie L. Baird, Mangala Subramaniam

Navigating Careers in Higher Education Series

A must-read for higher education leaders committed to equity, Ivory Towers Have Glass Ceilings examines faculty members’ experiences in promotion to full professorship. This volume discusses how structures, practices, processes, and policies pertaining to promotion from associate professor to full professor both presume and reproduce racialized and gendered inequity.

Women’s teaching and service loads are often quantitatively and qualitatively different from white and some Asian men’s experiences, which only serves to reinforce the status quo. This also extends beyond teaching and service to the types of intellectual contributions that are considered important, which often excludes the hands-on, engaged work that …

Bitseat: Reimagining The Financing For Airliners Using Nonfungible Tokens (Blockchain Technology), Edwin S. Ongola

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

This essay describes how blockchain technology, particularly nonfungible tokens, can be used to raise funding for airliners. The essay begins with a brief overview on the costs, categories, and acquisition methods of airliners. After that, the essay introduces concepts on blockchain technology, tokens, and smart contracts. The essay then touches on how nonfungible tokens can be used to facilitate fractional ownership of airliners. From there, the essay discusses Bitseat, a conceptual nonfungible token for fractional ownership of airliners, covering its overall design, appeal, marketplace alternatives, and challenges. Finally, in the discussion, the essay summarizes the overall concept and outlines its …

Understanding Mental Wellness In Collegiate Pilots: The Interplay Of Fatigue, Sleep, And Health-Promoting Behaviors, Flavio Antonio Coimbra Mendonca, Samantha Bowyer, Carolina Anderson, Bill Deng Pan

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

This study investigates patterns of fatigue severity, sleep hygiene, daytime sleepiness, and health-promoting lifestyle behaviors and examine the interrelationships among these factors in collegiate aviation students. Participants included undergraduate professional pilot students enrolled in a Code of Federal Regulations Part 141 four-year aviation degree program in the southeastern United States (N = 82).

Participants completed four validated self-report instruments: the Fatigue Severity Scale, the Sleep Hygiene Index, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. Descriptive analyses were conducted to characterize the results of each assessment, and Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyses were performed to examine intervariable …

Creating Business Teaching Cases With Deep Research Ai: The Lov Ai Co-Creation Approach, David Grundy

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

This paper examines the use of generative artificial intelligence in the development of teaching cases for MBA programs. The study introduces the Lecturer Oversight and Verification of AI (LOV AI) Co-Creation Approach, which integrates the ChatGPT 5.2 Thinking Deep Research model with structured subject expert supervision to produce teaching extended case studies and related teaching materials. The model is implemented through a multi-step process. First, specific prompts are used to identify and select potential case topics that align with required syllabus objectives. Next, the AI model generates extensive drafts that include narratives, background information, and supporting data for each case. …

Faculty Insights On Teaching Self-Determination Skills In Postsecondary Education, Jacqueline Lubin

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

While self-determination skills may serve as a predictor of success in higher education, limited research exists on faculty attitudes toward teaching these skills to students with and without disabilities. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine faculty’s knowledge of self-determination and perception of teaching self-determination skills to all college students. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance. Findings indicated that while the majority of participants were familiar with the term “self-determination,” and recognized its instructional value, their responses varied on their likelihood to teach skills. On average, faculty reported being somewhat likely to …

How Planning For Engineering Instruction Supported Culturally Responsive-Sustaining Pedagogy For Prek–12 Teachers, Kristen V. Napolitano, Amanda M. Gunning, Meghan E. Marrero

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

With the wide adoption of the Next Generation Science Standards across the United States and an increased focus on growing a diverse engineering workforce, learning to teach precollege engineering has become more important than ever. Yet limited precollege engineering certification pathway exists, leaving preK–12 teachers to integrate engineering with few resources or professional learning support. In high-need districts, where teachers are already underresourced and stretched thin, engineering may not make its way into the classroom at all. As a result, access to engineering and other STEM opportunities is disproportionately low among Black and Brown and/or low-income students in these communities, …

Learning Engineering Design Through Making: Affordances Of A Nonformal Tinkering Environment, Cristina Simarro, Digna Couso

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

The maker movement has been increasingly adopted as a means for promoting interdisciplinary approaches to STEM learning. However, empirical evidence regarding how making supports the development of engineering design skills remains limited and inconclusive. This study provides an in-depth examination of a nonformal educational initiative grounded in tinkering, a creative and improvisational subset of making, by analyzing the tasks undertaken by primary school children in a tinkering setting. Our results confirm the capacity of tinkering activities to foster specific engineering design practices and elucidate the interrelationships between them. Furthermore, the findings highlight the potential of such approaches to facilitate the …

Instruction Guide, Mark C. Hall

Analytical Biochemistry: A Practical Handbook for Undergraduates

The instruction guide provides useful information for setting up and running the lab activities each week and assessing student preparation, performance, and comprehension.

Evaluating Engagement-Based Learning Opportunities In Undergraduate Manufacturing Education, Salil Bapat, Ajay P. Malshe

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

This paper presents an engagement-based learning framework implemented in an undergraduate mechanical engineering course on additive manufacturing, with a specific focus on metal additive manufacturing (AM). The course integrated in-class discussion of AM fundamentals, discussing processes, materials, and designs with parallel semester-long team-based activities for encouraging and increasing hands-on student engagement. The paper specifically elaborates on the implementation of the project activity, focused on the design and manufacturing of bio-inspired lightweight lattice structures. The outcomes and reflections demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in enhancing student engagement and complement the in-class lectures while also presenting future opportunities for improvements. This …

Bioinspired Lightweight Lattices For Thermal Management And Structural Stiffness: A Simulation Study, Shivani Pandit, Vinay Kenny, Salil Bapat, Ajay Malshe

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

The evolution of lightweight biological structures for thermal regulation and structural stiffness, driven by multifunctionality requirements and ecological environments, provides a valuable blueprint for the development of lattice structures capable of both heat dissipation and mass reduction. Biological systems such as butterfly wing scales, weevil exoskeleton, toucan beak, pomelo peel, and other hierarchical porous morphologies exhibit highly optimized geometries that balance thermal management, mechanical performance, and lightweighting. Engineering lattice structures, including both strut-based and surface-based lattice topologies, offer analogous design strategies that can replicate these biological functionalities while remaining tailorable to not only the functionality and application-specific requirements but also …

Microstructure And Mechanical Behavior Of High Strength Additive Alloys With Nanoscale Precipitates, Hyeongseob Kim, Emiliano Flores, Xinghang Zhang

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

This review highlights how additive manufacturing (AM) enables the formation of metastable nanoscale precipitates through rapid nonequilibrium solidification and cyclic thermal histories, leading to mechanical properties unattainable by conventional processing. Recent advances in AM Al- and Ni-based alloys are discussed with emphasis on the relationship between nanoscale heterogeneity and deformation behavior. In Al alloys, nanolamellar intermetallic architectures generate strong heterostructure-induced back stresses and enable ultrahigh compressive strengths approaching 1 GPa while maintaining deformability. In Ni-based systems, in situ oxide nanoprecipitates improve high-temperature mechanical behavior of 718 Ni alloys, while nanoprecipitate evolution in Haynes 230 Ni alloys promotes deformation twinning. These …

Powder Metal Characterization For Additive Manufacturing, Paul Mort, Donovan Stumpf, Rajeshree Varma, Dina Khattab, Xiaoling Shen, Michael Titus, Michael Sealy, Jeff Jaworek, Jake Kim, Langdon Feltner

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

Powder characterization is important for specification and qualification of powder feedstock materials used in powder-bed additive manufacturing.  Characteristics include both distributed properties (i.e., particle morphology, size, shape, curvature distributions) as well as ensemble behavior including flow, spread-ability, and packing.  Ensemble behavior is highly sensitive to boundary conditions in thin-layer processing, for example as required for additive manufacturing, thin-layer calendaring for dry-cathode processing, and many tribology-related applications.  Particulate flow and packing are inherently multi-body ensemble processes; the distributed characteristics of particulates comprise said multi-body effects. Characterization of powder feedstock is important for manufacturing process control, resource efficiency, and product quality.  This …

Generative Ai For Decision Making In The Manufacturing Systems, Xingyu Li

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

Manufacturing systems increasingly demand real-time, multi-objective, and human-aligned decision-making that existing approaches cannot provide. In this study, we introduce the Generative Manufacturing System (GMS), a paradigm that reframes manufacturing decisions as samples from a learned conditional distribution, replacing inference-time search in the existing optimization-based approaches. Two instantiation examples are presented in manufacturing decision-making, including layout design and production scheduling, using domain-adapted diffusion models conditioned on operational constraints and human preferences. Experiments demonstrate 100% feasibility, near-zero objective matching error, and 25x decision making speed gain, establishing generative AI as a scalable, efficient, and human-centric decision-making engine for modern manufacturing systems.

Hybrid Bio-Inspired Design Approach For Lightweighting In Additive Manufacturing: A Feasibility Study, Ryan Capstick, Shivani P. Pandit, Salil Bapat

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

This paper explores the feasibility of extracting biological design information from multiple species for manufacturing functional lightweight architectures. Biology offers a vast range of designs, materials, and organizational strategies to achieve these goals. Over the past few years, additive manufacturing (AM) has been increasingly applied to manufacture various bio-inspired lattice geometries. Commonly, this approach involves taking inspiration from one specific biological example for manufacturing and testing. However, converging multiple biological design ideas into a single engineering structure for manufacturing is rarely reported. In this work, design inspirations from two biological species (cuttlefish and mantis shrimp) are combined to model various …

A Generalized Real-Time Geometric Virtualization Of Material Removal Processes For A Factory Digital Twin Platform, Jongwoo Han, Chang Hyeon Mun, Martin Byung-Guk Jun, Hyung Wook Park

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

As the transition toward autonomous smart factories and Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) accelerates, real-time digital twin implementation of manufacturing processes has emerged as a critical enabling technology. However, existing virtualization approaches present fundamental limitations: mesh-based Boolean methods are computationally infeasible for real-time processing due to their CPU-bound operations, while pure voxel-based methods suffer from staircase artifacts at geometric boundaries and exhibit exponentially increasing computational demands as resolution improves. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a GPU-accelerated real-time geometric virtualization method combining Signed Distance Field (SDF) with the Marching Cubes algorithm. The proposed method executes massively parallel SDF subtractive operations …

Programmable Hybrid And Gradient Constant Mean Curvatures For High-Performance Multifunctional Mechanical Metamaterials, Ajith Annavajhula, Gary J. Cheng

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

Architected solids that combine high stiffness, strength, toughness, and ductility in one geometry are difficult to manufacture without specialised feedstocks or sequential consolidation. Two complementary architectures are built here from a single curvature-programmed building-block library of four constant-mean-curvature (CMC) shell topologies — Schwarz Primitive (SP), Schwarz Diamond (SD), Schoen's I-WP, and FRD — that share commensurate cubic facets and admit C0 /C1 /C2 continuity at every interface. Multi-objective hybridisation gives an open-cell metamaterial with specific axial stiffness E*/ρ* = 63.6 GPa·cm3 ·g-1 and specific peak compressive stress σpeak/ρ* = 416.9 MPa·cm3 ·g-1, exceeding the I-WP single family by 40% in …

An Automated Construction Framework For Immersive Digital Twins With Ground-Based Cad Pose Estimation, Huichan Park, Yuseop Sim, Byoungkwon Yoon, Asif Tanveer, Martin Byung-Guk Jun, Sang Won Lee

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

This paper presents an automated workflow for constructing an immersive digital twin by combining multimodal field sensing, ground-based CAD-to-point-cloud registration, and physics engine-based scene generation. To reduce human intervention during digital twin construction, the proposed pipeline estimates machine poses by registering CAD-derived point clouds to a colorized point cloud map. Instead of relying on unconstrained six-degree-of-freedom point cloud registration algorithms, such as Iterative Closest Point (ICP) or TEASER++, the proposed method detects the ground plane, reduces the search space to planar translation and yaw, and applies coarse-to-fine slicing followed by 3-DoF planar ICP refinement. The method was evaluated using two …

Real-Time Two-Stage Machine Sound Monitoring For Wire-Edm State Recognition, Yuseop Sim, Yonghyun Lee, Edgar James Yother, Duju Lee, Hojun Lee, Byoungkwon Yoon, Asif Tanveer, Martin Byung-Guk Jun

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

Operational state monitoring is critical for assessing machine utilization and reducing downtime in smart manufacturing. However, many Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (Wire EDM) systems remain legacy machines with limited access to controller-level data, making non-invasive sensing approaches necessary. This study proposes a lightweight two-stage sound-based operational state monitoring framework using an Internal Sound Sensor (ISS) and a 1D convolutional neural network (CNN). The ISS, built around a stethoscope-inspired bell structure, captures machine-specific acoustic signatures while suppressing ambient machine-shop noise and spark-related acoustic interference. The proposed framework classifies machine states in two stages: Stage 1 identifies coarse states such as beep, …

Development Of Scalable Fsr Sensor Array-Based Human Footprint Acquisition Module For Manufacturing Automation, Hangyeom Lee, Yuseop Sim, Hojun Lee, Byoungkwon Yoon, Martin Byung-Guk Jun

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

As human-robot collaboration becomes increasingly prevalent in modern industrial automation, optimizing mobile robot navigation to align with human spatial preferences is essential for efficient workflows. Conventional spatial tracking modalities, such as vision, LiDAR, and Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), face several limitations in factory environments due to visual occlusion, variable lighting, and accumulated signal drift. To overcome these environmental interferences, this paper proposes a scalable and versatile human footprint acquisition module based on a Force Sensitive Resistor (FSR) sensor array. This presented architecture utilizes a modular grid of FSR sensors integrated with embedded Microcontroller Units (MCUs) and Data Acquisition (DAQ) modules, …

Development Of A Cold Spray-Based Dry Manufacturing Process For Lfp Battery Cathode, Hayoung Jeong, Martin Byung-Guk Jun

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

Conventional lithium-ion battery cathodes are typically fabricated through slurry-based processing, which requires organic solvents, coating, drying, and post-processing steps. Although this process is widely used, the use of toxic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the long drying process increases manufacturing complexity, energy consumption, and environmental burden. In this work, a cold spray-based solvent-free process was investigated as a one-step route for fabricating lithium iron phosphate cathode layers. A representative cathode composite powder consisting of lithium iron phosphate, carbon black, and polyvinylidene fluoride was prepared with a weight ratio of 10:1:1. To improve powder feeding behavior, 0.1 wt% fumed silica was …

Rgb-D Object Pose Estimation Via Sam2 Segmentation And Coarse-To-Fine Point Cloud Registration, Daniel Sungwoo Bae, Changheon Han, Hangyeom Lee, Hojun Lee, Martin Byung-Guk Jun

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

Precise estimation of a workpiece’s position and orientation is indispensable for advanced robotic automation in a smart manufacturing setting, where robotic manufacturing tasks such as welding, spraying, and assembly must be performed on complex three-dimensional components with higher adaptability and guaranteed repeatability. In response to such requirements, this paper presents an integrated vision-based pipeline for object 6D pose estimation using an RGB-D camera mounted on a collaborative robot arm (FANUC CRX-10iA/L). The proposed system applies the Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM2) to isolate the target object from a single RGB frame via a single point prompt, generating a segmentation mask …

An Llm-Based Multi-Agent System For Manufacturing Decision Support: Material–Process Recommendation And Process Parameter Optimization, Geonhwi Lee, Yulseok Byun, Seungjae Han, Martin Byung-Guk Jun, Hae-Jin Choi

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

As product fabrication environments become increasingly diverse, there is a growing need for decision support that connects users’ fabrication intents and requirements to appropriate manufacturing conditions. In this study, we propose an LLM-based multi-agent system for manufacturing decision support that systematically supports material and process recommendation, equipment selection, process parameter optimization, and result prediction. The proposed system utilizes manufacturing literature and technical documents through RAG-based manufacturing knowledge retrieval and excludes low-relevance documents before response generation by verifying the relevance of retrieved documents to the user query. In addition, it explores support relationships among materials, processes, and equipment based on a …

Multi-Scale In-Situ Powder Stream Characterization For Laser Directed Energy Deposition, Guang Yang, Clara Mock, Salil Bapat, Ajay Malshe

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

Powder stream quality in laser directed energy deposition (L-DED) is a critical determinant of deposition consistency and final part quality, yet it remains largely uncharacterized in real-time during operation. This paper presents a dual-scale, vision-based in-situ characterization framework that addresses powder stream monitoring at two complementary levels: macro-scale flow quality assessment for real-time process monitoring and micro-scale particle tracking for digital twin data acquisition. Both scales are implemented on a single high-speed camera reconfigured between two resolution and frame-rate settings, eliminating the need for dedicated multi-camera infrastructure. At the macro scale, an OpenCV-based image processing pipeline operating at 1280 × …

Challenges And Opportunities For Advanced Manufacturing To Deliver War-Winning Technology To The Warfighter, Clara Mock, Jian Yu, Eric Wetzel, Isaac Nault, Robert Jensen, James Snyder, Megan Lynch, Christopher Hoppel

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

Global supply chain vulnerabilities and contested logistics environments necessitate a paradigm shift in military production and sustainment. Advanced Manufacturing (AdvM) offers the critical agility required to rapidly produce and repair components. This report reviews the current state of AdvM technology and its dual role in supercharging the domestic Defense Industrial Base (DIB) while enabling distributed, Point-of-Need (PoN) manufacturing directly on the battlefield. First, we identify persistent challenges hindering widespread AdvM adoption, including material limitations, process transferability, and arduous certification pathways. To address these barriers, this paper highlights emerging solutions across four key domains: (1) the formulation of novel feedstocks, ranging …

U.S. Army Allied Trades Specialist Workforce Development For Advanced Manufacturing, Christopher Bolton, Moises Chavez, Matthew Robert Patterson, Kaitlyn Toth

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

Under different titles - Machinist, Metal Worker, and now Allied Tradesman - the U.S. Army has employed soldiers to maintain equipment using traditional machining, welding and fabricating technologies. Recent advancements in metal and polymer additive manufacturing, subtractive manufacturing, computer-aided design, and reverse engineering provide capabilities that enable warfighters to sustain, adapt, and modify existing systems, directly enhancing combat effectiveness. However, soldiers in fabrication-focused roles currently receive limited training in the application of these novel advanced manufacturing technologies to mission-relevant tasks. The training provided through Advanced Individual Training pipelines has not kept pace with the state-of-the-art technologies used in industry, leaving …

Experimental Study Of Mechanical Performance Of Fused Filament Fabricated Thin Walls Via Stress-Oriented Toolpath Planning Under Concentrated Compressive Load, Siying Chen, Xingyu Fu, Fengfeng Zhou, Martin Byung-Guk Jun

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

This paper investigates the mechanical performance of fused filament fabricated (FFF) thin-walled structures with stress-oriented toolpath planning. Specifically, the failure of 3D printed thin walls via stress-oriented toolpath planning were experimentally characterized under concentrated compressive load. The thin wall structure was generated using the dense infill toolpath generation algorithm via an improved Depth-First Search (DFS) framework proposed in our previous work [1]. With the algorithm, the toolpaths were planned according to the principal stress direction, which helped improve compressive strength, improving buckling resistance. Stress-oriented toolpath that aligned along the principal stress direction (S1) was proposed to fabricate the thin wall. …

Resource Efficient Hybrid Manufacturing: Integration Of Reconfigurable Tooling, Flexible Deformation And Non-Planar Deposition, Shivaprasad Cherukupally, Venkata Reddy

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

Flexible and hybrid processes play an important role in smart manufacturing by enabling adaptable, resource-efficient and eco-friendly fabrication strategies. In this work a hybrid combination of Double Sided Incremental Forming (DSIF), Reconfigurable Tooling (RT) and Wire-based Directed Energy Deposition (WDED) is proposed to utilize non-planar sheet metal substrates during metal additive manufacturing. The approach aimed to explore the geometrical freedom offered by DSIF and tailored thermal and mechanical support provided by RT to reduce support structure requirements, substrate deformation and component distortion. Experimental studies demonstrate successful fabrication of complex geometries, improved dimensional accuracy and enhanced surface quality through suitable process …

The Effect Of Particle Fillers On The Adhesion Of Co-Printed Thermoplastics And Photopolymers Using Dissimilar Material Printing, Jean Carlos Corraliza-Rodriguez, Christopher John Steines, James John Plotzke, Monique Suzanne Mcclain

MMRL-XMO Industrial Seminar

The demand for multi-material additive manufacturing (AM) is increasing due to the complex design requirements needed to make advanced devices for a variety of fields.[MM1.1] Dissimilar Material Printing (DMP) is an extreme form of multi-material printing that involves combining materials that have dissimilar properties (i.e. mechanical, thermal, etc.) and processing requirements. On version of DMP includes integrating Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) with Direct Ink Write (DIW) to co-print polymers such as thermoplastics and glass bead reinforced photopolymers. Previous research has focused in understanding the effect of print bed holding temperature on interfacial adhesion in FFF/DIW DMP. However, there is still …