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Louisiana State University

Faculty Publications

2018

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Thioglycosides Are Efficient Metabolic Decoys Of Glycosylation That Reduce Selectin Dependent Leukocyte Adhesion, Shuen Shiuan Wang, Xuefeng Gao, Virginia Del Solar, Xinheng Yu, Aristotelis Antonopoulos, Alan E. Friedman, Eryn K. Matich, G. Ekin Atilla-Gokcumen, Mehrab Nasirikenari, Joseph T. Lau, Anne Dell, Stuart M. Haslam, Roger A. Laine, Khushi L. Matta, Sriram Neelamegham Dec 2018

Thioglycosides Are Efficient Metabolic Decoys Of Glycosylation That Reduce Selectin Dependent Leukocyte Adhesion, Shuen Shiuan Wang, Xuefeng Gao, Virginia Del Solar, Xinheng Yu, Aristotelis Antonopoulos, Alan E. Friedman, Eryn K. Matich, G. Ekin Atilla-Gokcumen, Mehrab Nasirikenari, Joseph T. Lau, Anne Dell, Stuart M. Haslam, Roger A. Laine, Khushi L. Matta, Sriram Neelamegham

Faculty Publications

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd Small-molecule inhibitors of glycosylation can be applied in basic science studies, and clinical investigations as anti-inflammatory, anti-metastatic, and anti-viral therapies. This article demonstrates that thioglycosides represent a class of potent metabolic decoys that resist hydrolysis, and block E-selectin-dependent leukocyte adhesion in models of inflammation.

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Spiniferites Cruciformis, Pterocysta Cruciformis And Galeacysta Etrusca: Morphology And Palaeoecology, Peta Mudie, André Rochon, Keith Richards, Shannon Ferguson, Sophie Warny Dec 2018

Spiniferites Cruciformis, Pterocysta Cruciformis And Galeacysta Etrusca: Morphology And Palaeoecology, Peta Mudie, André Rochon, Keith Richards, Shannon Ferguson, Sophie Warny

Faculty Publications

© 2018, © 2018 The Author(s). Published by AASP–The Palynological Society. Miocene to modern sediments of the Ponto-Caspian basins and Mediterranean Sea are uniquely distinguished by presence of gonyaulacacean cysts with ellipsoid to cruciform endocysts and highly variable ectocystal features, including pterate (wing-like) and galeate (helmet-like) outer wall layers. The term cruciform is defined to indicate cysts with concave epicyst and hypocyst surfaces and moderate dorsoventral flattening. These features may be morphological responses to salinity stress and some biometrical studies conclude that the cruciform Ponto-Caspian species Spiniferites cruciformis of Wall and Dale 1973 and Pterocysta cruciformis Rochon et al. 2003 …

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The Dinoflagellate Cyst Genera Achomosphaera Evitt 1963 And Spiniferites Mantell 1850 In Pliocene To Modern Sediments: A Summary Of Round Table Discussions, Kenneth Neil Mertens, Nicolas Van Nieuwenhove, Pieter R. Gurdebeke, Hilal Aydin, Kara Bogus, Manuel Bringué, Barrie Dale, Stijn De Schepper, Anne De Vernal, Marianne Ellegaard, Arjen Grothe, Haifeng Gu, Martin J. Head, Maija Heikkilä, Audrey Limoges, Laurent Londeix, Stephen Louwye, Fabienne Marret, Edwige Masure, Kazumi Matsuoka, Peta J. Mudie, Aurélie Penaud, Vera Pospelova, Andrea Michelle Price, Sofia Ribeiro, André Rochon, Francesca Sangiorgi, Michael Schreck, Vladimir Torres, Serdar Uzar, Gerard J.M. Versteegh, Sophie Warny, Karin Zonneveld Dec 2018

The Dinoflagellate Cyst Genera Achomosphaera Evitt 1963 And Spiniferites Mantell 1850 In Pliocene To Modern Sediments: A Summary Of Round Table Discussions, Kenneth Neil Mertens, Nicolas Van Nieuwenhove, Pieter R. Gurdebeke, Hilal Aydin, Kara Bogus, Manuel Bringué, Barrie Dale, Stijn De Schepper, Anne De Vernal, Marianne Ellegaard, Arjen Grothe, Haifeng Gu, Martin J. Head, Maija Heikkilä, Audrey Limoges, Laurent Londeix, Stephen Louwye, Fabienne Marret, Edwige Masure, Kazumi Matsuoka, Peta J. Mudie, Aurélie Penaud, Vera Pospelova, Andrea Michelle Price, Sofia Ribeiro, André Rochon, Francesca Sangiorgi, Michael Schreck, Vladimir Torres, Serdar Uzar, Gerard J.M. Versteegh, Sophie Warny, Karin Zonneveld

Faculty Publications

© 2018, © 2018 The Author(s). Published by AASP–The Palynological Society. We present a summary of two round-table discussions held during two subsequent workshops in Montreal (Canada) on 16 April 2014 and Ostend (Belgium) on 8 July 2015. Five species of the genus Achomosphaera Evitt 1963 and 33 of the genus Spiniferites Mantell 1850 emend. Sarjeant 1970 occuring in Pliocene to modern sediments are listed and briefly described along with remarks made by workshop participants. In addition, several holotypes and topotypes are reillustrated. Three species previously assigned to Spiniferites are here considered/accepted as belonging to other genera: Impagidinium inaequalis (Wall …

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Fundamental Limits On The Capacities Of Bipartite Quantum Interactions, Stefan Bäuml, Siddhartha Das, Mark M. Wilde Dec 2018

Fundamental Limits On The Capacities Of Bipartite Quantum Interactions, Stefan Bäuml, Siddhartha Das, Mark M. Wilde

Faculty Publications

Bipartite quantum interactions have applications in a number of different areas of quantum physics, reaching from fundamental areas such as quantum thermodynamics and the theory of quantum measurements to other applications such as quantum computers, quantum key distribution, and other information processing protocols. A particular aspect of the study of bipartite interactions is concerned with the entanglement that can be created from such interactions. In this Letter, we present our work on two basic building blocks of bipartite quantum protocols, namely, the generation of maximally entangled states and secret key via bipartite quantum interactions. In particular, we provide a nontrivial, …

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Measurement Of The Radial Mode Spectrum Of Photons Through A Phase-Retrieval Method, Saumya Choudhary, Rachel Sampson, Yoko Miyamoto, Omar S. Magaña-Loaiza, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi Rafsanjani, Mohammad Mirhosseini, Robert W. Boyd Dec 2018

Measurement Of The Radial Mode Spectrum Of Photons Through A Phase-Retrieval Method, Saumya Choudhary, Rachel Sampson, Yoko Miyamoto, Omar S. Magaña-Loaiza, Seyed Mohammad Hashemi Rafsanjani, Mohammad Mirhosseini, Robert W. Boyd

Faculty Publications

We propose and demonstrate a simple and easy-to-implement projective-measurement protocol to determine the radial index p of a Laguerre–Gaussian (LGlp) mode. Our method entails converting any specified high-order LG0p mode into a near-Gaussian distribution that matches the fundamental mode of a single-mode fiber (SMF) through the use of two phase screens (unitary transforms) obtained by applying a phase-retrieval algorithm. The unitary transforms preserve the orthogonality of modes before the SMF and guarantee that our protocol can, in principle, be free of crosstalk. We measure the coupling efficiency of the transformed radial modes to the SMF for different pairs of phase …

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Classical And Quantum Aspects Of Electric-Magnetic Duality Rotations In Curved Spacetimes, Ivan Agullo, Adrian Del Rio, Jose Navarro-Salas Dec 2018

Classical And Quantum Aspects Of Electric-Magnetic Duality Rotations In Curved Spacetimes, Ivan Agullo, Adrian Del Rio, Jose Navarro-Salas

Faculty Publications

It is well known that the source-free Maxwell equations are invariant under electric-magnetic duality rotations, F→Fcosθ+F sinθ. These transformations are indeed a symmetry of the theory in the Noether sense. The associated constant of motion is the difference in the intensity between self-dual and anti-self-dual components of the electromagnetic field or, equivalently, the difference between the right and left circularly polarized components. This conservation law holds even if the electromagnetic field interacts with an arbitrary classical gravitational background. After reexamining these results, we discuss whether this symmetry is maintained when the electromagnetic field is quantized. The answer is in the …

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Triple Sulfur Isotope Relationships During Sulfate-Driven Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane, Shanggui Gong, Yongbo Peng, Huiming Bao, Dong Feng, Xiaobin Cao, Peter W. Crockford, Duofu Chen Dec 2018

Triple Sulfur Isotope Relationships During Sulfate-Driven Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane, Shanggui Gong, Yongbo Peng, Huiming Bao, Dong Feng, Xiaobin Cao, Peter W. Crockford, Duofu Chen

Faculty Publications

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. Sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane (SD-AOM) plays a critical role in regulating the global methane budget. Determination of the diagnostic triple isotope exponent θ33 (≡ln33⁡α/ln34⁡α) for SD-AOM can help to identify and quantify microbial sulfate reduction via SD-AOM in the environment. The history of Earth's surface redox conditions can also be examined through the measurement of triple sulfur isotope compositions in sedimentary rocks. Due to difficulties in both culturing anaerobic methanotrophs and sampling pore-water sulfate in SD-AOM-dominated environments, however, the θ33 values for the processes of SD-AOM have not been constrained. We propose that a set …

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Triple Sulfur Isotope Relationships During Sulfate-Driven Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane, Shanggui Gong, Yongbo Peng, Huiming Bao, Dong Feng, Xiaobin Cao, Peter W. Crockford, Duofu Chen Dec 2018

Triple Sulfur Isotope Relationships During Sulfate-Driven Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane, Shanggui Gong, Yongbo Peng, Huiming Bao, Dong Feng, Xiaobin Cao, Peter W. Crockford, Duofu Chen

Faculty Publications

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. Sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane (SD-AOM) plays a critical role in regulating the global methane budget. Determination of the diagnostic triple isotope exponent θ33 (≡ln33⁡α/ln34⁡α) for SD-AOM can help to identify and quantify microbial sulfate reduction via SD-AOM in the environment. The history of Earth's surface redox conditions can also be examined through the measurement of triple sulfur isotope compositions in sedimentary rocks. Due to difficulties in both culturing anaerobic methanotrophs and sampling pore-water sulfate in SD-AOM-dominated environments, however, the θ33 values for the processes of SD-AOM have not been constrained. We propose that a set …

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Selective Electrocatalytic Reduction Of Co2 Into Co At Small, Thiol-Capped Au/Cu Nanoparticles, Douglas R. Kauffman, Dominic R. Alfonso, De Nyago Tafen, Congjun Wang, Yunyun Zhou, Yang Yu, Jonathan W. Lekse, Xingyi Deng, Vanessa Espinoza, Jamie Trindell, Oshadha K. Ranasingha, Amitava Roy, Jun Sik Lee, Huolin L. Xin Dec 2018

Selective Electrocatalytic Reduction Of Co2 Into Co At Small, Thiol-Capped Au/Cu Nanoparticles, Douglas R. Kauffman, Dominic R. Alfonso, De Nyago Tafen, Congjun Wang, Yunyun Zhou, Yang Yu, Jonathan W. Lekse, Xingyi Deng, Vanessa Espinoza, Jamie Trindell, Oshadha K. Ranasingha, Amitava Roy, Jun Sik Lee, Huolin L. Xin

Faculty Publications

The electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CO RR) is a promising approach for converting fossil fuel emissions into environmentally sustainable chemicals and fuels. The ability to control the surface structure of CO RR nanocatalysts provides an opportunity to tune product selectivity. Bimetallic gold-copper catalysts have been identified as emerging electrocatalyst candidates, but Cu incorporation typically lowers product selectivity compared with pure Au. Here we show sustained CO selectivity and activity up to 49% Cu content in small (<2 >nm), thiol-capped Au/Cu nanoparticles (NPs). Bimetallic NPs containing 49% Cu selectivity converted CO into CO with 100 ± 6% CO Faradaic efficiency and …

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Selective Electrocatalytic Reduction Of Co2 Into Co At Small, Thiol-Capped Au/Cu Nanoparticles, Douglas R. Kauffman, Dominic R. Alfonso, De Nyago Tafen, Congjun Wang, Yunyun Zhou, Yang Yu, Jonathan W. Lekse, Xingyi Deng, Vanessa Espinoza, Jamie Trindell, Oshadha K. Ranasingha, Amitava Roy, Jun Sik Lee, Huolin L. Xin Dec 2018

Selective Electrocatalytic Reduction Of Co2 Into Co At Small, Thiol-Capped Au/Cu Nanoparticles, Douglas R. Kauffman, Dominic R. Alfonso, De Nyago Tafen, Congjun Wang, Yunyun Zhou, Yang Yu, Jonathan W. Lekse, Xingyi Deng, Vanessa Espinoza, Jamie Trindell, Oshadha K. Ranasingha, Amitava Roy, Jun Sik Lee, Huolin L. Xin

Faculty Publications

The electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CO RR) is a promising approach for converting fossil fuel emissions into environmentally sustainable chemicals and fuels. The ability to control the surface structure of CO RR nanocatalysts provides an opportunity to tune product selectivity. Bimetallic gold-copper catalysts have been identified as emerging electrocatalyst candidates, but Cu incorporation typically lowers product selectivity compared with pure Au. Here we show sustained CO selectivity and activity up to 49% Cu content in small (<2 >nm), thiol-capped Au/Cu nanoparticles (NPs). Bimetallic NPs containing 49% Cu selectivity converted CO into CO with 100 ± 6% CO Faradaic efficiency and …

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Unresolved Gamma-Ray Sky Through Its Angular Power Spectrum, M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, R. Bellazzini, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, J. Bregeon, P. Bruel, R. Buehler, E. Burns, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, R. Caputo, P. A. Caraveo, E. Cavazzuti, S. Chen, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, D. Costantin, A. Cuoco, S. Cutini, F. D'Ammando, P. De La Torre Luque, F. De Palma, A. Desai, S. W. Digel, N. Di Lalla, M. Di Mauro Dec 2018

Unresolved Gamma-Ray Sky Through Its Angular Power Spectrum, M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, R. Bellazzini, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, R. Bonino, E. Bottacini, J. Bregeon, P. Bruel, R. Buehler, E. Burns, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, R. Caputo, P. A. Caraveo, E. Cavazzuti, S. Chen, G. Chiaro, S. Ciprini, D. Costantin, A. Cuoco, S. Cutini, F. D'Ammando, P. De La Torre Luque, F. De Palma, A. Desai, S. W. Digel, N. Di Lalla, M. Di Mauro

Faculty Publications

The gamma-ray sky has been observed with unprecedented accuracy in the last decade by the Fermi -large area telescope (LAT), allowing us to resolve and understand the high-energy Universe. The nature of the remaining unresolved emission [unresolved gamma-ray background (UGRB)] below the LAT source detection threshold can be uncovered by characterizing the amplitude and angular scale of the UGRB fluctuation field. This Letter presents a measurement of the UGRB autocorrelation angular power spectrum based on eight years of Fermi-LAT Pass 8 data products. The analysis is designed to be robust against contamination from resolved sources and noise systematics. The sensitivity …

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Numerical Simulations Of Mass Transfer In Binaries With Bipolytropic Components, Kundan Kadam, Patrick M. Motl, Dominic C. Marcello, Juhan Frank, Geoffrey C. Clayton Dec 2018

Numerical Simulations Of Mass Transfer In Binaries With Bipolytropic Components, Kundan Kadam, Patrick M. Motl, Dominic C. Marcello, Juhan Frank, Geoffrey C. Clayton

Faculty Publications

We present the first self-consistent three-dimensional study of hydrodynamic simulations of mass transfer in binary systems with bipolytropic (composite polytropic) components. In certain systems, such as contact binaries or during the common-envelope phase, the core- envelope structure of the stars plays an important role in binary interactions. In this paper, we compare mass transfer simulations of bipolytropic binary systems in order to test the suitability of our numerical tools for investigating the dynamical behaviour of such systems. The initial, equilibrium binary models possess a core-envelope structure and are obtained using the bipolytropic self-consistent field technique. We conduct mass transfer simulations …

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Search For Subsolar-Mass Ultracompact Binaries In Advanced Ligo's First Observing Run, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, T. Adams, P. Addesso, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, B. Agarwal, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, B. Allen, G. Allen, A. Allocca, M. A. Aloy, P. A. Altin, A. Amato, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, S. V. Angelova, S. Antier, S. Appert, K. Arai, M. C. Araya Dec 2018

Search For Subsolar-Mass Ultracompact Binaries In Advanced Ligo's First Observing Run, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, T. Adams, P. Addesso, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, B. Agarwal, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, B. Allen, G. Allen, A. Allocca, M. A. Aloy, P. A. Altin, A. Amato, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, S. V. Angelova, S. Antier, S. Appert, K. Arai, M. C. Araya

Faculty Publications

We present the first Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo search for ultracompact binary systems with component masses between 0.2 M-1.0 M using data taken between September 12, 2015 and January 19, 2016. We find no viable gravitational wave candidates. Our null result constrains the coalescence rate of monochromatic (delta function) distributions of nonspinning (0.2 M, 0.2 M) ultracompact binaries to be less than 1.0×106 Gpc-3 yr-1 and the coalescence rate of a similar distribution of (1.0 M, 1.0 M) ultracompact binaries to be less than 1.9×104 Gpc-3 yr-1 (at 90% confidence). Neither black holes nor neutron stars are expected to …

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Homogenization Of Species Composition And Species Association Networks Are Decoupled, Daijiang Li, Timothée Poisot, Donald M. Waller, Benjamin Baiser Dec 2018

Homogenization Of Species Composition And Species Association Networks Are Decoupled, Daijiang Li, Timothée Poisot, Donald M. Waller, Benjamin Baiser

Faculty Publications

© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Aim: Ecological communities are composed of both species and the biotic relationships (interactions or spatial associations) among them. Biotic homogenization in species composition (i.e., increased site-to-site similarity) is recognized as a common consequence of global change, but less is known about how the similarity of species relationships changes over space and time. Does homogenization of species composition lead to homogenization of species relationships or are the dynamics of species relationships decoupled from changes in species composition?. Location: Wisconsin, USA. Time period: 1950–2012. Major taxa studied: Vascular plants. Methods: We used long-term resurvey data …

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Variational Formulation Of Classical And Quantum Models For Intense Laser Pulse Propagation, S. A. Berman, C. Chandre, J. Dubois, F. Mauger, M. Perin, T. Uzer Dec 2018

Variational Formulation Of Classical And Quantum Models For Intense Laser Pulse Propagation, S. A. Berman, C. Chandre, J. Dubois, F. Mauger, M. Perin, T. Uzer

Faculty Publications

We consider the theoretical description of intense laser pulses propagating through gases. Starting from a first-principles description of both the electromagnetic field and the electron motion within the gas atoms, we derive a hierarchy of reduced models. We obtain a parallel set of models, where the atomic electrons are treated classically on the one hand, and quantum-mechanically on the other. By working consistently in either a Lagrangian formulation or a Hamiltonian formulation, we ensure that our reduced models preserve the variational structure of the parent models. Taking advantage of the Hamiltonian formulation, we deduce a number of conserved quantities of …

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The Restriction Principle And Commuting Families Of Toeplitz Operators On The Unit Ball, Matthew Dawson, Gestur Ólafsson, Raúl Quiroga-Barranco Dec 2018

The Restriction Principle And Commuting Families Of Toeplitz Operators On The Unit Ball, Matthew Dawson, Gestur Ólafsson, Raúl Quiroga-Barranco

Faculty Publications

On the unit ball Bn we consider the weighted Bergman spaces HΛ2(Bn) and their Toeplitz operators with bounded symbols. It is known from our previous work that if a closed subgroup H of SU (n, 1) ~ has a multiplicity-free restriction for the holomorphic discrete series of SU (n, 1) ~ , then the family of Toeplitz operators with H-invariant symbols pairwise commute. In this work we consider the case of maximal abelian subgroups of SU (n, 1) ~ and provide a detailed proof of the pairwise commutativity of the corresponding Toeplitz operators. To achieve this we explicitly develop the …

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Tests Of Lorentz Invariance At The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, B. Aharmim, S. N. Ahmed, A. E. Anthony, N. Barros, E. W. Beier, A. Bellerive, B. Beltran, M. Bergevin, S. D. Biller, E. Blucher, R. Bonventre, K. Boudjemline, M. G. Boulay, B. Cai, E. J. Callaghan, J. Caravaca, Y. D. Chan, D. Chauhan, M. Chen, B. T. Cleveland, G. A. Cox, X. Dai, H. Deng, F. B. Descamps, J. A. Detwiler, P. J. Doe, G. Doucas, P. L. Drouin Dec 2018

Tests Of Lorentz Invariance At The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, B. Aharmim, S. N. Ahmed, A. E. Anthony, N. Barros, E. W. Beier, A. Bellerive, B. Beltran, M. Bergevin, S. D. Biller, E. Blucher, R. Bonventre, K. Boudjemline, M. G. Boulay, B. Cai, E. J. Callaghan, J. Caravaca, Y. D. Chan, D. Chauhan, M. Chen, B. T. Cleveland, G. A. Cox, X. Dai, H. Deng, F. B. Descamps, J. A. Detwiler, P. J. Doe, G. Doucas, P. L. Drouin

Faculty Publications

Experimental tests of Lorentz symmetry in systems of all types are critical for ensuring that the basic assumptions of physics are well founded. Data from all phases of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, a kiloton-scale heavy water Cherenkov detector, are analyzed for possible violations of Lorentz symmetry in the neutrino sector. Such violations would appear as one of eight possible signal types in the detector: six seasonal variations in the solar electron neutrino survival probability differing in energy and time dependence and two shape changes to the oscillated solar neutrino energy spectrum. No evidence for such signals is observed, and limits …

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Energy-Constrained Private And Quantum Capacities Of Quantum Channels, Mark M. Wilde, Haoyu Qi Dec 2018

Energy-Constrained Private And Quantum Capacities Of Quantum Channels, Mark M. Wilde, Haoyu Qi

Faculty Publications

This paper establishes a general theory of energy-constrained quantum and private capacities of quantum channels. We begin by defining various energy-constrained communication tasks, including quantum communication with a uniform energy constraint, entanglement transmission with an average energy constraint, private communication with a uniform energy constraint, and secret key transmission with an average energy constraint. We develop several code conversions, which allow us to conclude non-trivial relations between the capacities corresponding to the above tasks. We then show how the regularized, energy-constrained coherent information is equal to the capacity for the first two tasks and is an achievable rate for the …

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Optimizing Photorespiration For Improved Crop Productivity, Paul F. South, Amanda P. Cavanagh, Patricia E. Lopez-Calcagno, Christine A. Raines, Donald R. Ort Dec 2018

Optimizing Photorespiration For Improved Crop Productivity, Paul F. South, Amanda P. Cavanagh, Patricia E. Lopez-Calcagno, Christine A. Raines, Donald R. Ort

Faculty Publications

© 2018 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences In C3 plants, photorespiration is an energy-expensive process, including the oxygenation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) by ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and the ensuing multi-organellar photorespiratory pathway required to recycle the toxic byproducts and recapture a portion of the fixed carbon. Photorespiration significantly impacts crop productivity through reducing yields in C3 crops by as much as 50% under severe conditions. Thus, reducing the flux through, or improving the efficiency of photorespiration has the potential of large improvements in C3 crop productivity. Here, we review an array of approaches intended to engineer photorespiration in …

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Challenges During Diapause And Anhydrobiosis: Mitochondrial Bioenergetics And Desiccation Tolerance, Steven C. Hand, Daniel S. Moore, Yuvraj Patil Dec 2018

Challenges During Diapause And Anhydrobiosis: Mitochondrial Bioenergetics And Desiccation Tolerance, Steven C. Hand, Daniel S. Moore, Yuvraj Patil

Faculty Publications

© 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology In preparation for the onset of environmental challenges like overwintering, food limitation, anoxia, or water stress, many invertebrates and certain killifish enter diapause. Diapause is a developmentally-programed dormancy characterized by suppression of development and metabolism. For embryos of Artemia franciscana (brine shrimp), the metabolic arrest is profound. These gastrula-stage embryos depress oxidative metabolism by ~99% during diapause and survive years of severe desiccation in a state termed anhydrobiosis. Trehalose is the sole fuel source for this developmental stage. Mitochondrial function during diapause is downregulated primarily by restricting substrate supply, as a …

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Type I Interferon Potentiates Iga Immunity To Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection During Infancy, Diego R. Hijano, David T. Siefker, Bishwas Shrestha, Sridhar Jaligama, Luan D. Vu, Heather Tillman, David Finkelstein, Jordy Saravia, Dahui You, Stephania A. Cormier Dec 2018

Type I Interferon Potentiates Iga Immunity To Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection During Infancy, Diego R. Hijano, David T. Siefker, Bishwas Shrestha, Sridhar Jaligama, Luan D. Vu, Heather Tillman, David Finkelstein, Jordy Saravia, Dahui You, Stephania A. Cormier

Faculty Publications

© 2018, The Author(s). Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the most frequent cause of hospitalization in infants and young children worldwide. Although mucosal RSV vaccines can reduce RSV disease burden, little is known about mucosal immune response capabilities in children. Neonatal or adult mice were infected with RSV; a subset of neonatal mice received interferon alpha (IFN-α) (intranasal) prior to RSV infection. B cells, B cell activating factor (BAFF) and IgA were measured by flow cytometry. RSV specific IgA was measured in nasal washes. Nasal associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and lungs were stained for BAFF and IgA. Herein, we …

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Habitat Suitability Estimated By Niche Models Is Largely Unrelated To Species Abundance, Tad A. Dallas, Alan Hastings Dec 2018

Habitat Suitability Estimated By Niche Models Is Largely Unrelated To Species Abundance, Tad A. Dallas, Alan Hastings

Faculty Publications

© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Aim: Data on species occurrences are far more common than data on species abundances. However, a central goal of large-scale ecology is to understand the spatial distribution of abundance. It has been proposed that species distribution models trained on species occurrence records may capture variation in species abundance. Here, we gauge support for relationships between species abundance and predicted climatic suitability from species distribution models, and relate the slope of this relationship to species traits, evolutionary relationships and sampling completeness. Location: USA. Time period: 1658–2017. Major taxa studied: Mammal and tree species. Methods, …

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Gauging Support For Macroecological Patterns In Helminth Parasites, Tad A. Dallas, A. Alonso Aguirre, Sarah Budischak, Colin Carlson, Vanessa Ezenwa, Barbara Han, Shan Huang, Patrick R. Stephens Dec 2018

Gauging Support For Macroecological Patterns In Helminth Parasites, Tad A. Dallas, A. Alonso Aguirre, Sarah Budischak, Colin Carlson, Vanessa Ezenwa, Barbara Han, Shan Huang, Patrick R. Stephens

Faculty Publications

© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Aim: To explore spatial patterns of helminth parasite diversity, and to investigate three main macroecological patterns – (a) latitude–diversity relationships, (b) positive scaling between parasite and host diversity, and (c) species–area relationships – using a largely underutilized global database of helminth parasite occurrence records. Location: Global. Methods: We examined the London Natural History Museum’s collection of helminth parasite occurrence records, consisting of over 18,000 unique host species and 27,000 unique helminth parasite species distributed across over 350 distinct terrestrial and aquatic localities. Results: We find support for latitudinal gradients in parasite diversity and …

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Gymnosperms On The Edge, Félix Forest, Justin Moat, Elisabeth Baloch, Neil A. Brummitt, Steve P. Bachman, Steffi Ickert-Bond, Peter M. Hollingsworth, Aaron Liston, Damon P. Little, Sarah Mathews, Hardeep Rai, Catarina Rydin, Dennis W. Stevenson, Philip Thomas, Sven Buerki Dec 2018

Gymnosperms On The Edge, Félix Forest, Justin Moat, Elisabeth Baloch, Neil A. Brummitt, Steve P. Bachman, Steffi Ickert-Bond, Peter M. Hollingsworth, Aaron Liston, Damon P. Little, Sarah Mathews, Hardeep Rai, Catarina Rydin, Dennis W. Stevenson, Philip Thomas, Sven Buerki

Faculty Publications

© 2018 The Author(s). Driven by limited resources and a sense of urgency, the prioritization of species for conservation has been a persistent concern in conservation science. Gymnosperms (comprising ginkgo, conifers, cycads, and gnetophytes) are one of the most threatened groups of living organisms, with 40% of the species at high risk of extinction, about twice as many as the most recent estimates for all plants (i.e. 21.4%). This high proportion of species facing extinction highlights the urgent action required to secure their future through an objective prioritization approach. The Evolutionary Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE) method rapidly ranks species …

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On The Electric-Magnetic Duality Symmetry: Quantum Anomaly, Optical Helicity, And Particle Creation, Iván Agulló, Adrián Del Río, José Navarro-Salas Dec 2018

On The Electric-Magnetic Duality Symmetry: Quantum Anomaly, Optical Helicity, And Particle Creation, Iván Agulló, Adrián Del Río, José Navarro-Salas

Faculty Publications

It is well known that not every symmetry of a classical field theory is also a symmetry of its quantum version. When this occurs, we speak of quantum anomalies. The existence of anomalies imply that some classical Noether charges are no longer conserved in the quantum theory. In this paper, we discuss a new example for quantum electromagnetic fields propagating in the presence of gravity. We argue that the symmetry under electric-magnetic duality rotations of the source-free Maxwell action is anomalous in curved spacetimes. The classical Noether charge associated with these transformations accounts for the net circular polarization or the …

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The Kic 8462852 Light Curve From 2015.75 To 2018.18 Shows A Variable Secular Decline, Bradley E. Schaefer, Rory O. Bentley, Tabetha S. Boyajian, Phillip H. Coker, Shawn Dvorak, Franky Dubois, Emery Erdelyi, Tyler Ellis, Keith Graham, Barbara G. Harris, John E. Hall, Robert James, Steve J. Johnston, Grant Kennedy, Ludwig Logie, Katherine M. Nugent, Arto Oksanen, John J. Ott, Steve Rau, Siegfried Vanaverbeke, Rik Van Lieshout, Mark Wyatt Dec 2018

The Kic 8462852 Light Curve From 2015.75 To 2018.18 Shows A Variable Secular Decline, Bradley E. Schaefer, Rory O. Bentley, Tabetha S. Boyajian, Phillip H. Coker, Shawn Dvorak, Franky Dubois, Emery Erdelyi, Tyler Ellis, Keith Graham, Barbara G. Harris, John E. Hall, Robert James, Steve J. Johnston, Grant Kennedy, Ludwig Logie, Katherine M. Nugent, Arto Oksanen, John J. Ott, Steve Rau, Siegfried Vanaverbeke, Rik Van Lieshout, Mark Wyatt

Faculty Publications

The star KIC 8462852 (Boyajian's Star) displays both fast dips of up to 20 per cent on time-scales of days and long-term secular fading by up to 19 per cent on time-scales from a year to a century. We report on CCD photometry of KIC 8462852 from 2015.75 to 2018.18, with 19 176 images making for 1866 nightly magnitudes in BVRI. Our light curves show a continuing secular decline (by 0.023 ± 0.003 mags in the B band) with three superposed dips with duration 120-180 d. This demonstrates that there is a continuum of dip durations from a day to …

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Prospects For Observing And Localizing Gravitational-Wave Transients With Advanced Ligo, Advanced Virgo And Kagra, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, M. R. Abernathy, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, T. Adams, P. Addesso, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, T. Akutsu, B. Allen, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Ando, S. Appert, K. Arai, A. Araya, M. C. Araya, J. S. Areeda, N. Arnaud Dec 2018

Prospects For Observing And Localizing Gravitational-Wave Transients With Advanced Ligo, Advanced Virgo And Kagra, B. P. Abbott, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, M. R. Abernathy, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, T. Adams, P. Addesso, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, T. Akutsu, B. Allen, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Ando, S. Appert, K. Arai, A. Araya, M. C. Araya, J. S. Areeda, N. Arnaud

Faculty Publications

We present possible observing scenarios for the Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors over the next decade, with the intention of providing information to the astronomy community to facilitate planning for multi-messenger astronomy with gravitational waves. We estimate the sensitivity of the network to transient gravitational-wave signals, and study the capability of the network to determine the sky location of the source. We report our findings for gravitational-wave transients, with particular focus on gravitational-wave signals from the inspiral of binary neutron star systems, which are the most promising targets for multi-messenger astronomy. The ability to localize the sources …

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Molecular Architecture Of Fungal Cell Walls Revealed By Solid-State Nmr, Xue Kang, Alex Kirui, Artur Muszyński, Malitha C.Dickwella Widanage, Adrian Chen, Parastoo Azadi, Ping Wang, Frederic Mentink-Vigier, Tuo Wang Dec 2018

Molecular Architecture Of Fungal Cell Walls Revealed By Solid-State Nmr, Xue Kang, Alex Kirui, Artur Muszyński, Malitha C.Dickwella Widanage, Adrian Chen, Parastoo Azadi, Ping Wang, Frederic Mentink-Vigier, Tuo Wang

Faculty Publications

© 2018 The Author(s). The high mortality of invasive fungal infections, and the limited number and inefficacy of antifungals necessitate the development of new agents with novel mechanisms and targets. The fungal cell wall is a promising target as it contains polysaccharides absent in humans, however, its molecular structure remains elusive. Here we report the architecture of the cell walls in the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy, assisted by dynamic nuclear polarization and glycosyl linkage analysis, reveals that chitin and α-1,3-glucan build a hydrophobic scaffold that is surrounded by a hydrated matrix of diversely linked β-glucans and capped …

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Dopaminergic And Antidopaminergic Effects On Heart Rate In Healthy Horses When Challenged With Brief 2-Minute Exercise Bouts, Nicole Arana-Valencia, Donald L. Thompson, Erin L. Oberhaus Dec 2018

Dopaminergic And Antidopaminergic Effects On Heart Rate In Healthy Horses When Challenged With Brief 2-Minute Exercise Bouts, Nicole Arana-Valencia, Donald L. Thompson, Erin L. Oberhaus

Faculty Publications

© 2018 Bromocriptine is a dopamine receptor agonist known to cause hypotension and bradycardia in several species. Five experiments were conducted to compare possible perturbations on heart rate (HR) in horses after a brief (2 minutes) exercise bout when exposed to either short-term or long-term treatment with bromocriptine, cabergoline, or pergolide (all commonly used dopaminergic agonists in horses) or sulpiride, a dopaminergic antagonist. For all experiments, prolactin was measured as an indicator of drug efficacy. Experiments 1 and 4 were conducted as a replicated Latin square, whereas experiments 2, 3, and 5 were double split plot designs. Experiment 1 tested …

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Transient Marine Euxinia At The End Of The Terminal Cryogenian Glaciation, Xianguo Lang, Bing Shen, Yongbo Peng, Shuhai Xiao, Chuanming Zhou, Huiming Bao, Alan Jay Kaufman, Kangjun Huang, Peter W. Crockford, Yonggang Liu, Wenbo Tang, Haoran Ma Dec 2018

Transient Marine Euxinia At The End Of The Terminal Cryogenian Glaciation, Xianguo Lang, Bing Shen, Yongbo Peng, Shuhai Xiao, Chuanming Zhou, Huiming Bao, Alan Jay Kaufman, Kangjun Huang, Peter W. Crockford, Yonggang Liu, Wenbo Tang, Haoran Ma

Faculty Publications

© 2018, The Author(s). Termination of the terminal Cryogenian Marinoan snowball Earth glaciation (~650–635 Ma) is associated with the worldwide deposition of a cap carbonate. Modeling studies suggest that, during and immediately following deglaciation, the ocean may have experienced a rapid rise in pH and physical stratification followed by oceanic overturn. Testing these predictions requires the establishment of a high-resolution sequence of events within sedimentary records. Here we report the conspicuous occurrence of pyrite concretions in the topmost Nantuo Formation (South China) that was deposited in the Marinoan glacial deposits. Sedimentary facies and sulfur isotope data indicate pyrite precipitation in …

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