Digital Commons Network^™

Pricks And Pills, Anna A. Charles

Theses and Dissertations

"Pricks and Pills" is a collection of audio pieces designed for an online platform where individuals with diabetes can listen to and find emotional support from others who share their experiences. This audio project provides an intimate look into the lives of people navigating the challenges of diabetes. Through heartfelt interviews with individuals and their families, the podcast highlights their journeys, showcasing both their struggles and triumphs.

Serum Cotinine As A Predictor Of Lipid-Related Indices In Turkish Immigrants With Type 2 Diabetes: A Clinic-Based Cross-Sectional Study, Shiryn D. Sukhram, Gustavo G. Zarini, Lemia H. Shaban, Joan A. Vaccaro, Avinash R. Sukhram, Fatma G. Huffman

Publications and Research

Background: Turkish immigrants form the largest ethnic minority group in the

Netherlands and show a higher prevalence of (i) cardiovascular disease (CVD),

(ii) cigarette smoking, and (iii) type 2 diabetes (T2D) as compared to the native

Dutch. This study examines the association of CVD risk factors: serum cotinine, as

an indicator of cigarette smoke, and lipid-related indices among first-generation

(foreign-born) Turkish immigrants with T2D living in deprived neighbourhoods in the

Netherlands.

Methods: A total of 110 participants, physician-diagnosed with T2D, aged 30 years

and older, were recruited by convenience sampling from the Schilderswijk

neighbourhood of The Hague in a clinic-based …

Sociopolitical Determinants Of Health In The Proposed Rezoning Of Richmond Hill/Ozone Park, Ny, Khemraj J. Persaud

Publications and Research

The community of Richmond Hill/Ozone Park, Queens, NY has been split into multiple zones and has needed rezoning for decades. The area consists of a range of people from different ethnic backgrounds, including Indo-Caribbean, South Asian, and Afro-Caribbean. Racial health disparities persist in this district, such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. I conducted research about how ongoing political issues in this community has been affecting the overall health of its residents and what is being done about it.

Dia.Ries, Katherine A. Doyle

Theses and Dissertations

dia.ries is a pilot episode of an episodic series that offers insight into the lives of a few of the 500 million people around the world with diabetes—otherwise normal, everyday people who happen to be living each day with an “invisible illness.” Produced through video diaries and other user-generated content, the series tells stories from first-person points of view along thematic lines, using a collaborative approach rooted in Third Cinema.

Understanding Facilitators And Barriers To Dietary Management Of Type 2 Diabetes Among Hispanic Men: Perceptions Of Health Professionals, Leah Galitzdorfer, Melissa Fuster Phd, Pamela Koch Edd, Rd

Publications and Research

Objectives: Hispanic Americans have a higher prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) compared to non-Hispanic whites, and are at greater risk for developing diabetes-related complications. Barriers and facilitators to dietary managment of T2DM among this population may be particularly influenced by culture and gender, where traditional gender roles and values prevent Hispanic men from engaging in healthy dietary self-management behaviors. Despite this, research focusing on dietary management of T2DM among Hispanic men is scant. This study aimed to assess perceived barriers and facilitators, as well as perceived influences of culture and gender on the dietary management of T2DM among Hispanic …

Part I: Complete Dentures And Diabetes Correlation, Ibeth Erazo

Publications and Research

Diabetes is one of the most frequent pathologies that dentists encounter, due to its high prevalence worldwide. The aim of this study is to present the correlation between diabetes and complete denture wearers, intending to emphasize the importance of proper control and denture adaptation to oral environment for this type of patient. Within the sphere of the dental office, one of the main complications to consider in this type of patient is periodontal disease, which is their most frequent complication. Other important oral manifestations considered in the research are fungal infections, xerostomia, and burning mouth syndrome. It is common for …

Effects Of Type I Diabetes On Labor Force Participation: A Propensity Score Match, Ore Aina-Badejo

Theses and Dissertations

Type I Diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune mediated form of insulin resistance that has lasting socioeconomic effects from childhood through old age that may impact labor force participation. Examining this relationship will enhance our understanding of life-long chronic illness beyond individual medical/financial impact by establishing broader socioeconomic implications. This study utilized data from the 2008-2015 data set of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), to explore the effects of T1D on labor force participation. It was hypothesized that having T1D would decrease both employability and contribution to the labor force. Utilizing methods of propensity score matching and entropy balancing, …

Depressive Symptoms Are Associated With Cognitive Function In The Elderly With Type 2 Diabetes, Elizabeth Guerrero-Berroa, Ramit Ravona-Springer, James Schmeidler, Anthony Heymann, Laili Soleimani, Mary Sano, Derek Leroith, Rachel Preiss, Ruth Zukran, Jeremy M. Silverman, Michal Schnaider Beeri

Publications and Research

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic condition associated with poor clinical and cognitive outcomes including vascular disease, depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, and dementia. In the general elderly population, depression has been consistently identified as a risk factor for cognitive impairment/decline. However, the association between depression and cognitive function in T2D has been understudied.

Objective: We investigated the association between depression and cognitive function in a large sample of cognitively normal elderly with T2D.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we examined 738 participants, aged 65–88 years old, enrolled in the Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline study. For each …

Occupational Stress And Increased Risk For Type 2-Diabetes: A Narrative Review, Harrynauth Persaud, Shawn Williams

Publications and Research

Diabetes is a significant health problem in the United States. There is a large body of research that explains the biological and pathoetiological cause(s) of this increasingly prevalent disease. There is also an increasing body of research that explores the psychosocial causes of diabetes mellitus type 2. The association between stressful work organization and diabetes has been established as a significant precursor and causative agent of diabetes mellitus - type 2. The objective of this narrative review is to discuss the impact of work stress as it applies to the rising incidence of diabetes - type 2, and to propose …

Transitional Healthcare Coordination In New York City Jails Among People With Chronic Health Conditions: Contributions To Reduced Reincarceration And Improved Health, Janet J. Wiersema

Dissertations and Theses

People in correctional settings often have poorer health than the general US population. For example, it is estimated that 27.9% of persons in jail have hypertension, 8.1% have diabetes, and 1.6% have HIV, compared to 25.6%, 6.5%, and 0.5%, respectively, in the general population. Jail and other correctional settings are also increasingly recognized as viable places to engage poor and underserved communities into the healthcare system by offering transitional care coordination services to connect people to healthcare and other services to meet priorities after incarceration. At the same time, recidivism is an issue—over 50% of persons in New York City …

Diabetes Training For Community Health Workers, Judith Aponte

Publications and Research

Background: A 2.5-month diabetes education training for community health workers (CHWs) was developed, implemented, and evaluated.

Methods: Training methods used included case studies, role-playing, and lectures. Exams were used throughout the training for its evaluation. Teaching was delivered by different ways: a one day American Diabetes Association (ADA) course; a five day Diabetes Self-Management Program (DSMP); Conversation Maps; and a series of seven National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) diabetes education booklets.

Results: Qualitative and quantitative evaluative methods were used during and after the training. The CHWs' diabetes knowledge was evaluated by a pre- and post-test …

Elevated Hba1c Levels And The Accumulation Of Differentiated T Cells In Cmv+ Individuals, Jerrald L. Rector, G. Neil Thomas, Victoria E. Burns, Jennifer B. Dowd, Raphael M. Herr, Paul A. Moss, Marc N. Jarczok, Kristina Hoffman, Joachim E. Fischer, Jos A. Bosch

Publications and Research

Aims/hypothesis Biological ageing of the immune system, or immunosenescence, predicts poor health and increased mortality. A hallmark of immunosenescence is the accumulation of differentiated cytotoxic T cells (CD27−CD45RA+/−; or dCTLs), partially driven by infection with the cytomegalovirus (CMV). Immune impairments reminiscent of immunosenescence are also observed in hyperglycaemia, and in vitro studies have illustrated mechanisms by which elevated glucose can lead to increased dCTLs. This study explored associations between glucose dysregulation and markers of immunosenescence in CMV+ and CMV− individuals. Methods A cross-sectional sample of participants from an occupational cohort study (n = 1,103, mean age 40 years, 88% male) …

Socio-Cultural Influences On The Behaviour Of South Asian Women With Diabetes In Pregnancy: Qualitative Study Using A Multi-Level Theoretical Approach, Trisha Greenhalgh, Megan Clinch, Nur Afsar, Yasmin Choudhury, Rita Sudra, Desirée Campbell-Richards, Anne Claydon, Graham A. Hitman, Philippa Hanson, Sarah Finer

Publications and Research

Background Diabetes in pregnancy is common in South Asians, especially those from low-income backgrounds, and leads to short-term morbidity and longer-term metabolic programming in mother and offspring. We sought to understand the multiple influences on behaviour (hence risks to metabolic health) of South Asian mothers and their unborn child, theorise how these influences interact and build over time, and inform the design of culturally congruent, multi-level interventions. Methods Our sample for this qualitative study was 45 women of Bangladeshi, Indian, Sri Lankan, or Pakistani origin aged 21–45 years with a history of diabetes in pregnancy, recruited from diabetes and antenatal …

Blood Inorganic Mercury Is Directly Associated With Glucose Levels In The Human Population And May Be Linked To Processed Food Intake, Renee Dufault, Zara Berg, Raquel Crider, Roseanne Schnoll, Larry Wetsit, Wayne Two Bulls, Steven G. Gilbert, H.M. “Skip” Kingston, Mesay Mulugeta Wolle, G.M. Mizanur Rahman, Dan R. Laks

Publications and Research

Background: The goals of the study were (1) to determine the impact of inorganic mercury exposure on glucose homeostasis; and (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of two community-based interventions in promoting dietary changes among American Indian college students to reduce risk factors for Type-2 Diabetes including fasting glucose, insulin, and mercury levels, weight, and body mass index.

Methods: To accomplish goal one, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset was analyzed using a previously published method to determine if there is a relationship between inorganic blood mercury and fasting glucose. To accomplish goal two, ten college students were …

Supporting Practices To Adopt Registry-Based Care (Sparc): Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial, Rebeccar S. Etz, Rosalind E. Keith, Anna M. Matemick, Karen L. Stein, Roy T. Sabo, Melissa S. Hayes, Purvi Sevak, John Holland, Jesse C. Crosson

Publications and Research

Background: Diabetes is predicted to increase in incidence by 42% from 1995 to 2025. Although most adults with diabetes seek care from primary care practices, adherence to treatment guidelines in these settings is not optimal. Many practices lack the infrastructure to monitor patient adherence to recommended treatment and are slow to implement changes critical for effective management of patients with chronic conditions. Supporting Practices to Adopt Registry-Based Care (SPARC) will evaluate effectiveness and sustainability of a low-cost intervention designed to support work process change in primary care practices and enhance focus on population-based care through implementation of a diabetes …

Mcdonald's Or Mesquite: Struggles On The Salt River Pima Reservation, Stefani Kim

Capstones

The Salt River Pima Indians, prior to colonization, had a strong tradition of harvesting and food sovereignity. As the tribe adapted to a more Westernized diet which consisted mainly of processed food rations, the rate of diabetes began to skyrocket on the reservation and, at one point, the tribe had one of the highest per capita diabetes rates in the world. This year, the tribe's cultural resources department will resurrect a 16-year-old community garden program originally funded by a USDA/Habitat for Humanity grant as a way to help combat health problems related to a poor diet such as diabetes and …

Prepregnancy Low-Carbohydrate Dietary Pattern And Risk Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study, Wei Bao, Katherine Bowers, Deirdre K. Tobias, Sjurdur F. Olsen, Jorge Chavarro, Allan Vaag, Michele Kiely, Cuilin Zhang

Publications and Research

Background: Low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) have been vastly popular for weight loss. The association between a low-carbohydrate dietary pattern and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unknown.

Objective: We aimed to prospectively examine the association of 3 prepregnancy low-carbohydrate dietary patterns with risk of GDM.

Design: We included 21,411 singleton pregnancies in the Nurses’ Health Study II. Prepregnancy LCD scores were calculated from validated food-frequency questionnaires, including an overall LCD score on the basis of intakes of carbohydrate, total protein, and total fat; an animal LCD score on the basis of intakes of carbohydrate, animal protein, and animal …

The Effect Of Statins On Testosterone In Men And Women, A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Controlled Trials, Mary Schooling, Shiu Lun Au Yeung, Guy Freeman, Benjamin J. Cowling

Publications and Research

Background
Statins are extensively used for cardiovascular disease prevention. Statins reduce mortality rates morethan other lipid-modulating drugs, although evidence from randomized controlled trials also suggests that statinsunexpectedly increase the risk of diabetes and improve immune function. Physiologically, statins would beexpected to lower androgens because statins inhibit production of the substrate for the local synthesis of androgens and statins’ pleiotropic effects are somewhat similar to the physiological effects of lowering testosterone, so we hypothesized that statins lower testosterone.

Methods
A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized trials of statins to test the a priori hypothesis that statins lower testosterone. We searched the PubMed, …

Effects Of Hypertension And Diabetes On Sentence Comprehension In Aging, Dalia Cahana-Amitay, Martin Albert, Emmanuel Ojo, Jesse Sayers, Mira Goral, Loraine Obler, Avron Spiro Iii

Publications and Research

Objectives. To assess the impact of hypertension and diabetes mellitus on sentence comprehension in older adults.

Method. Two hundred and ninety-five adults aged 55 to 84 (52% men) participated in this study. Self-report mail survey combined with medical evaluations were used to determine eligibility. Multiple sources were used to determine whether hypertension and diabetes were present or absent and controlled or uncontrolled. Sentence comprehension was evaluated with two tasks: embedded sentences (ES) and sentences with multiple negatives (MN). Outcome measures were percent accuracy and mean reaction time of correct responses on each task.

Results. Regression models adjusted for age, gender, …

The Cinema Of Control: On Diabetic Excess And Illness In Film, Kevin L. Ferguson

Publications and Research

While not rare, films that do represent diabetes must work around the disease’s banal invisibility,and images of diabetics in film are thus especially susceptible to metaphor and exaggeration.This essay is the first to outline a diabetic filmography, discussing medical and cinematic strategies for visualizing the disease as well as how the illness informs family plots and heroic characters in horror films. Doing so, it participates in a larger discussion of the manner in which film images of ill or disabled groups sustain notions of “normalcy” by both representing and denying otherness.

Growth Environment And Sex Differences In Lipids, Bodyshape And Diabetes Risk, Mary Schooling, Tai Hing Lam, G. Neil Thomas, Benjamin J. Cowling, Michelle Heys, Edward D. Janus, Gabriel M. Leung

Publications and Research

Background
Sex differences in lipids and body shape, but not diabetes, increase at puberty. Hong Kong Chinese are mainly first or second generation migrants from China, who have shared an economically developed environment for years, but grew up in very different environments in Hong Kong or contemporaneously undeveloped Guangdong, China. We assessed if environment during growth had sex-specific associations with lipids and body shape, but not diabetes.

Methodology and Principal Findings
We used multivariable regression in a population-based cross-sectional study, undertaken from 1994 to 1996, of 2537 Hong Kong Chinese residents aged 25 to 74 years with clinical measurements of …

The Effects Of Dietary Omega-3 And Omega-6 Fatty Acids Glucose Tolerance And Pancreatic Insulin Concentration In C57bl/Ksj Db/Db Mice, Rohini Suraj

Student Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.