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Elevating The Silicon Slopes, Joseph Evans Mar 2023

Elevating The Silicon Slopes, Joseph Evans

Undergraduate Honors Theses

From Utah’s humble beginnings in agriculture and mining, Utah has become an economic powerhouse in the United States, largely due to the rise of Silicon Slopes. Despite the successes of Silicon Slopes, there are still significant shortcomings related to diversity and inclusion in Silicon Slopes that must be remediated if it intends to achieve its economic aspirations and ensure its economic benefits flow to people of all types and backgrounds. This work outlines both the rise of Silicon Slopes as well as existing and potential private- and state-ordered solutions that may be implemented to overcome Silicon Slopes’ existing diversity and …


The Costs Of A Free And Public Education: An Analysis Of A School District's Student Fees, Jacob D. Skousen, Ellianna Rodriguez Jan 2023

The Costs Of A Free And Public Education: An Analysis Of A School District's Student Fees, Jacob D. Skousen, Ellianna Rodriguez

BYU Education & Law Journal

Since the late 1800s U.S. states have provided a “centrally administered organization of public schools, overseen by a state superintendent or department of education and financed by state income tax revenues in addition to local taxes.” States have governed a system of public schools through the states’ constitutions. Each state’s constitution has a statement identifying the state as being responsible to provide its citizenry with a public education and in the majority of states’ constitutions there is further clarification noting that this education is provided free of charge. An example of this statement can be found in Nevada’s State Constitution, …


Saferplaces Global Platform: An Ai-Based Digital Twin Solution For Flood Risk Intelligence In Urban Areas [Online], Stefano Bagli, Paolo Mazzoli, Valerio Luzzi, Lorenzo Borelli Jul 2022

Saferplaces Global Platform: An Ai-Based Digital Twin Solution For Flood Risk Intelligence In Urban Areas [Online], Stefano Bagli, Paolo Mazzoli, Valerio Luzzi, Lorenzo Borelli

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Our cities are flooding with increased frequency due to more severe weather events and a growing anthropogenic pressure (i.e., soil sealing, urban expansion, man induced land-subsidence, etc.). An accurate and detailed characterization of flood hazard is a fundamental step in order to improve or optimize the resilience of cities to potential flood losses and damages. SaferPLACES platform provides a cost-effective and user-friendly cloud-based solution for flood hazard and risk management in urban areas. The flood intelligence underlying the SaferPLACES platform integrates the following main components: 1) a Digital Twin automatic generator able to exploit the available big open climate and …


A System Dynamic Approach For Managing Transboundary Water Systems, Santosh S. Palmate, Saurav Kumar, Rocky Talchabhadel, Esmaiil Mokari Jul 2022

A System Dynamic Approach For Managing Transboundary Water Systems, Santosh S. Palmate, Saurav Kumar, Rocky Talchabhadel, Esmaiil Mokari

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Transboundary waters are vital to the sustainability and survival of human communities on the U.S.-Mexico border region, a nearly 2,000 mile-long arid zone in North America currently affected by climate uncertainties. We focus on the Rio Grande–Hueco Bolson (RG-HB; also known as Rio Bravo–Valle de Juarez in Mexico) water system, which is essential for the El Paso-Ciudad Juarez region. Water management in the region is characterized by limited and dwindling water supplies, increasing demands for water from multiple sectors, and a segmented governance system spanning two U.S. states and two countries. The region faces several drivers of change, including climate …


The Impact Of Climate Change On Droughts In Central Asia Assessed Using Regional Climate Models, Bert Van Schaeybroeck, Stijn Buytaert, Sara Top, Steven Caluwaerts Jul 2022

The Impact Of Climate Change On Droughts In Central Asia Assessed Using Regional Climate Models, Bert Van Schaeybroeck, Stijn Buytaert, Sara Top, Steven Caluwaerts

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Climate change is expected to aggravate the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as droughts but impacts are found to strongly vary per region. For different reasons the region of Central Asia has been sparsely studied in that respect. To enable well-informed decision making for adaptation and mitigation, however, regional authorities in Central Asia are interested in a comprehensive and scientifically-based assessment. This work will provide an assessment of the impact of climate change on droughts that affect the agriculture and forestry in Central Asia, based on recently produced climate projections of regional climate models. The aim is …


Scalable Orchestration Of Containerized Science Applications, Deron Smith, Kurt Wolfe, Rajbir Parmer Jul 2022

Scalable Orchestration Of Containerized Science Applications, Deron Smith, Kurt Wolfe, Rajbir Parmer

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Scientific computing applications can be complex to design, difficult to deploy, and expensive computationally. Using the latest advances in software engineering and cloud technologies, we can greatly mitigate these challenges while also providing new opportunities to pursue research with increased flexibility. Our Hydrologic Micro Services (HMS) technology stack has been developed as a containerized set of components, orchestrated through Kubernetes, that can be managed, updated, and deployed with relative ease to any cloud platform. The general framework can be applied to a variety of different scientific software applications, that can be containerized, providing the ability to quickly create complete technology …


Design And Development Of A Dynamic Web App Library For Hydroshare, Alexander Hart Henrichsen Jun 2022

Design And Development Of A Dynamic Web App Library For Hydroshare, Alexander Hart Henrichsen

Theses and Dissertations

This paper documents the design and creation of an App Library for HydroShare water resources data and software discovery and sharing system. This App Library was developed to simplify the discovery process for using environmental web applications and to lower hosting requirements for such a repository. To accomplish this goal, I created the HydroShare App Library as a standalone web application using the React JavaScript framework. The App Library application uses the existing HydroShare resource connectors to allow the registration of all web applications within the App Library without having external software requirements. This allows the HydroShare App Library to …


Analysis Of A Full-Stack Data Analytics Solution Delivering Predictive Maintenance To A Lab-Scale Factory, Nathan Wesley Hoyt Jun 2022

Analysis Of A Full-Stack Data Analytics Solution Delivering Predictive Maintenance To A Lab-Scale Factory, Nathan Wesley Hoyt

Theses and Dissertations

With the developments of industry 4.0, data analytics solutions and their applications have become more prevalent in the manufacturing industry. Currently, the typical software architecture supporting these solutions is modular, using separate software for data collection, storage, analytics, and visualization. The integration and maintenance of such a solution requires the expertise of an information technology team, making implementation more challenging for small manufacturing enterprises. To allow small manufacturing enterprises to more easily obtain the benefits of industry 4.0 data analytics, a full-stack data analytics framework is presented and its performance evaluated as applied in the common industrial analytics scenario of …


Efficacy Of Social Media Analysis As A Service (Smas) For Crisis Events, Rohit Kumar Khattar Apr 2022

Efficacy Of Social Media Analysis As A Service (Smas) For Crisis Events, Rohit Kumar Khattar

Theses and Dissertations

Social media data can be collected and analyzed during and after crisis events to aid in disaster relief efforts. Setting up a system to perform this analysis is associated with various technical challenges. This thesis presents the design and implementation of a social media analysis as a service system. This system is hosted on cloud infrastructure and allows for on demand collection, processing, and delivery of social media data via an intuitive web interface. The service model and cloud infrastructure allow the system to be highly scalable and produce near real time analysis data. A cost evaluation of the system …


How Failures Cascade In Software Systems, Barbara W. Chamberlin Apr 2022

How Failures Cascade In Software Systems, Barbara W. Chamberlin

Theses and Dissertations

Cascading failures involve a failure in one system component that triggers failures in successive system components, potentially leading to system wide failures. While frequently used fault tolerant techniques can reduce the severity and the frequency of such failures, they continue to occur in practice. To better understand how failures cascade, we have conducted a qualitative analysis of 55 cascading failures, described in 26 publicly available incident reports. Through this analysis we have identified 16 types of cascading mechanisms (organized into eight categories) that capture the nature of the system interactions that contribute to cascading failures. We also discuss three themes …


Design And Development Of A Tethys Framework Web Application To Elucidate The Hydroshare.Org Application Programmer Interface, Abhishek Amalaraj, Daniel P. Ames May 2021

Design And Development Of A Tethys Framework Web Application To Elucidate The Hydroshare.Org Application Programmer Interface, Abhishek Amalaraj, Daniel P. Ames

Open Water Journal

In recent years, data and file sharing have advanced significantly, opening doors for engineers from all over the world to stay connected with each other and share data, models, scripts and other information required for scientific and engineering purposes. HydroShare (www.hydroshare.org) was developed by a consortium of universities sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) as a means for improving data and model sharing. Originally released in 2014, and continually updated since that time, HydroShare has proven to be a valuable resource for a growing number of active users in the field of water resources and environmental research. …


Geoglows Hydroviewer: Open Software-As-A-Service For Localizing Global Hydrologic Forecasts Of The Group On Earth Observations Global Water Sustainability Initiative, Kyler Ralph Ashby Apr 2021

Geoglows Hydroviewer: Open Software-As-A-Service For Localizing Global Hydrologic Forecasts Of The Group On Earth Observations Global Water Sustainability Initiative, Kyler Ralph Ashby

Theses and Dissertations

Earth observation data is increasingly ubiquitous, easily accessible, freely available, and generally usable due to improvements in software, data standards, network infrastructure, and national policies. As a result, greater opportunities arise for using these data in a wider field of application including decision support for local and regional environmental and water resources management efforts. In parts of the world where in situ data are less readily available, global Earth observation data used in such decision support tools can be a boon to underfunded government and private water management agencies. The United Nations Group on Earth Observations Global Water Sustainability initiative …


A New Method And Python Toolkit For General Access To Spatiotemporal N-Dimensional Raster Data, Riley Chad Hales Mar 2021

A New Method And Python Toolkit For General Access To Spatiotemporal N-Dimensional Raster Data, Riley Chad Hales

Theses and Dissertations

Scientific datasets from global-scale scientific models and remote sensing instruments are becoming available at greater spatial and temporal resolutions with shorter lag times. These data are frequently gridded measurements spanning two or three spatial dimensions, the time dimension, and often several data dimensions which vary by the specific dataset. These data are useful in many modeling and analysis applications across the geosciences. Unlike vector spatial datasets, raster spatial datasets lack widely adopted conventions in file formats, data organization, and dissemination mechanisms. Raster datasets are often saved using the Network Common Data Format (NetCDF), Gridded Binary (GRIB), Hierarchical Data Format (HDF), …


Student Privacy In The Digital Age, Susan G. Archambault Jan 2021

Student Privacy In The Digital Age, Susan G. Archambault

BYU Education & Law Journal

Students and teachers need to understand what rules govern their digital experience in terms of data being collected from the systems and software they use. Students have a tendency to share personal information online, and are largely unconcerned about third-party access to their data.30 Furthermore, they may feel pressured to waive privacy rights in order to participate in classroom activities requiring the use of educational technology tools.31 The recent COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated this problem. In fact, The Future of Privacy Forum (FPF) and National Education Association (NEA) recently released new recommendations for the use of video conferencing platforms …


Software For Monitoring Forest Change In Tropical West Africa Using Satellite Remote Sensing, Michael Wimberly Sep 2020

Software For Monitoring Forest Change In Tropical West Africa Using Satellite Remote Sensing, Michael Wimberly

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Satellite remote sensing is an essential source of data on forest landscape change that is necessary for estimating carbon stocks, assessing biodiversity, and developing conservation plans to sustain ecosystem services. The Upper Guinean Forest region of West Africa, a global biodiversity hotspot, currently lacks timely, consistent, and accurate long-term forest monitoring systems suitable for decision support. Major limitations include data gaps due to frequent cloud cover and limited satellite coverage. To address these limitations, we developed the West African Forest Degradation Data System (WAForDD) to use all available Landsat imagery to monitor forest change in the tropical forest zone of …


Software For Monitoring Forest Change In Tropical West Africa Using Satellite Remote Sensing, Michael Wimberly Sep 2020

Software For Monitoring Forest Change In Tropical West Africa Using Satellite Remote Sensing, Michael Wimberly

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

Satellite remote sensing is an essential source of data on forest landscape change that is necessary for estimating carbon stocks, assessing biodiversity, and developing conservation plans to sustain ecosystem services. The Upper Guinean Forest region of West Africa, a global biodiversity hotspot, currently lacks timely, consistent, and accurate long-term forest monitoring systems suitable for decision support. Major limitations include data gaps due to frequent cloud cover and limited satellite coverage. To address these limitations, we developed the West African Forest Degradation Data System (WAForDD) to use all available Landsat imagery to monitor forest change in the tropical forest zone of …


Advances In The Science And Technology Of Simulating Water, Nutrient, Soil And Plant Interactions And Dynamics In Space And Time, Tim Green Sep 2020

Advances In The Science And Technology Of Simulating Water, Nutrient, Soil And Plant Interactions And Dynamics In Space And Time, Tim Green

International Congress on Environmental Modelling and Software

The Agricultural Ecosystems Services (AgES) distributed watershed model is being developed as a component-based model for continuous daily simulation. Current case studies use AgES to simulate space-time patterns of soil moisture and infrequent runoff events in a dryland field-scale watershed in northern Colorado, contributions of irrigated agriculture to a mixed-landuse watershed near metropolitan Denver, and tile drainage contributing to high nitrate loads in Iowa, USA. These watersheds (56 ha to 581 km2) provide comparative studies to address model complexity across various scales with different types and amounts of data. Key advances include enhanced process simulation (1) coupling plant uptake of …


Compiler-Based Tools To Aid In Data Transfer Optimization And On-Chip Debug Of Heterogeneous Compute Systems, Matthew B. Ashcraft Jul 2020

Compiler-Based Tools To Aid In Data Transfer Optimization And On-Chip Debug Of Heterogeneous Compute Systems, Matthew B. Ashcraft

Theses and Dissertations

First, we present techniques to efficiently schedule data transfers through compiler analyses. Compared to transferring data immediately before and after the kernel executes, our scheduling results in orders of magnitude improvements in execution time, number of data transfers, and number of bytes transferred. Second, we demonstrate techniques to provide on-chip debugging for heterogeneous systems through recording execution on the software in addition to debugging circuitry in the hardware, and provide a temporal correlation between the hardware and software traces through synchronization. This allows us to follow debug data between the hardware and software trace buffers. Due to the added cost …


An Open-Source Web-Application For Regional Analysis Of Grace Groundwater Data And Engaging Stakeholders In Groundwater Management, Travis Clinton Mcstraw Apr 2020

An Open-Source Web-Application For Regional Analysis Of Grace Groundwater Data And Engaging Stakeholders In Groundwater Management, Travis Clinton Mcstraw

Theses and Dissertations

Since 2002, NASA's GRACE Satellite mission has allowed scientists of various disciplines to analyze and map the changes in Earth's total water storage on a global scale. Although the raw data is available to the public, the process of viewing, manipulating, and analyzing the GRACE data can be difficult for those without strong technological backgrounds in programming or geospatial software. This is particularly true for water managers in developing countries, where GRACE data could be a valuable asset for sustainable water resource management. To address this problem, I have a developed a utility for subsetting GRACE data to particular regions …


Application Of Ground-Based Lidar And Gap Intercept Measurements To Quantify A Shrub Configuration Metric Within Greater Sage-Grouse Nesting Habitat, Khodabakhsh Zabihi, Kenneth L. Driese, Ginger B. Paige, Ann L. Hild Dec 2019

Application Of Ground-Based Lidar And Gap Intercept Measurements To Quantify A Shrub Configuration Metric Within Greater Sage-Grouse Nesting Habitat, Khodabakhsh Zabihi, Kenneth L. Driese, Ginger B. Paige, Ann L. Hild

Western North American Naturalist

Vegetation composition (i.e., relative proportion of species) and configuration (i.e., horizontal and vertical arrangement of the plant components) in sagebrush-steppe ecosystems are fundamental determinants of the suitability of nesting habitat for Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). The spatial arrangement of shrub and herbaceous canopy cover conceals Greater Sage-Grouse from predators and protects the nest from natural hazards, and gaps in vegetative cover provide escape routes for hens. Most sage-grouse habitat studies quantify vegetation composition, but few quantify habitat configuration at fine scales. We used ground-based lidar (light detection and ranging) data from Greater Sage-Grouse nesting habitat to test the …


Hydrologic Modeling As A Service (Hmaas): A New Approach To Address Hydroinformatic Challenges In Developing Countries, Michael A. Souffront Alcantara, E. James Nelson, Kiran Shakya, Christopher Edwards, Wade Roberts, Corey Krewson, Daniel P. Ames, Norman L. Jones, Angelica Gutierrez Oct 2019

Hydrologic Modeling As A Service (Hmaas): A New Approach To Address Hydroinformatic Challenges In Developing Countries, Michael A. Souffront Alcantara, E. James Nelson, Kiran Shakya, Christopher Edwards, Wade Roberts, Corey Krewson, Daniel P. Ames, Norman L. Jones, Angelica Gutierrez

Faculty Publications

Hydrologic modeling can be used to aid in decision-making at the local scale. Developed countries usually have their own hydrologic models; however, developing countries often have limited hydrologic modeling capabilities due to factors such as the maintenance, computational costs, and technical capacity needed to run models. A global streamflow prediction system (GSPS) would help decrease vulnerabilities in developing countries and fill gaps in areas where no local models exist by providing extensive results that can be filtered for specific locations. However, large-scale forecasting systems come with their own challenges. These New hydroinformatic challenges can prevent these models from reaching their …


Enabling Stakeholder Decision-Making With Earth Observation And Modeling Data Using Tethys Platform, E. James Nelson, Sarva T. Pulla, Mir A. Matin, Kiran Shakya, Norm Jones, Daniel P. Ames, W. Lee Ellenburg, Kel N. Markert, Cédric H. David, Benjamin F. Zaitchik, Patrick Gatlin, Riley Hales Oct 2019

Enabling Stakeholder Decision-Making With Earth Observation And Modeling Data Using Tethys Platform, E. James Nelson, Sarva T. Pulla, Mir A. Matin, Kiran Shakya, Norm Jones, Daniel P. Ames, W. Lee Ellenburg, Kel N. Markert, Cédric H. David, Benjamin F. Zaitchik, Patrick Gatlin, Riley Hales

Faculty Publications

Tethys Platform is an open source framework for developing web-based applications for Earth Observation data. Our experience shows that Tethys significantly lowers the barrier for cloud-based app development, simplifies the process of accessing scalable distributed cloud computing resources and leverages additional software for data and computationally intensive modeling. The Tethys software development kit allows users to create web apps for visualizing, analyzing, and modeling Earth Observation data. Tethys platform provides a collaborative environment for scientists to develop and deploy several Earth Observation web applications across multiple Tethys portals. We work in partnership with leading regional organizations world-wide to help developing …


Landsat Collections Reveal Long-Term Algal Bloom Hot Spots Of Utah Lake, Rachel Shanae Tate Jul 2019

Landsat Collections Reveal Long-Term Algal Bloom Hot Spots Of Utah Lake, Rachel Shanae Tate

Theses and Dissertations

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) and nuisance algal blooms (NABs) are a worldwide phenomenon with implications for human health and safety. HABs occur when algae or bacteria grow in high enough densities to harm animals and humans. A primary component of harmful algal blooms is cyanobacteria, which are aquatic, photosynthesizing microorganisms that produce toxins at high concentrations. Cyanobacterial biomass has increased worldwide in recent decades, raising concern about the future of fresh- and marine-water systems in a changing climate. Understanding the patterns and conditions of past algal blooms can provide useful insights for managing future blooms. Remote sensing can enhance our …


Of Fire, Mammals, And Rain: Mechanisms Of Plant Invasions, Tara Boyce Bishop Jul 2019

Of Fire, Mammals, And Rain: Mechanisms Of Plant Invasions, Tara Boyce Bishop

Theses and Dissertations

Biological invasions are driving environmental state changes on a global scale. Exotic plant species must be successful at passing several abiotic and biotic filters to establish and disrupt the native plant community assembly. Understanding where exotic plants are on a regional scale and being able to characterize how exotic plants are generally interacting with their environment is crucial information for exotic species management (chapter 1). In the western United States human-related activities are augmenting the spread of exotic plant species by increasing the ignitions of wildfire. Wildfire can lead to nutrient pulses through the removal of intact native communities and …


Increasing The Accuracy Of Molecular Biomarkers Via Evidence-Based Algorithm Selection, Stephen R. Piccolo Jun 2019

Increasing The Accuracy Of Molecular Biomarkers Via Evidence-Based Algorithm Selection, Stephen R. Piccolo

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In making medical decisions, physicians need observable criteria that they can use to make accurate diagnoses, determine optimal treatments, and estimate a patient’s prognosis. The promise of precision medicine is that molecular-level observations can more accurately predict such information than traditional observations. I worked with undergraduate students at Brigham Young University to develop ways to improve the accuracy of such predictions by optimizing computer algorithms to handle the complexity of large, molecular data sets.


Complexity Of Establishing Industrial Connectivity For Small And Medium Manufacturers With And Without Use Of Industrial Innovation Platforms, Brian Dale Russell Mar 2019

Complexity Of Establishing Industrial Connectivity For Small And Medium Manufacturers With And Without Use Of Industrial Innovation Platforms, Brian Dale Russell

Theses and Dissertations

The manufacturing industry is continuously evolving as new practices and technology are adopted to improve productivity and remain competitive. There have been three well established manufacturing revolutions in recent history and some say that the fourth is occurring currently by the name of Smart Manufacturing, Indusrie 4.0, and others. This latest manufacturing revolution is highly dependent on industrial connectivity. This research aims to gage the ability of Industrial Innovation Platforms (IIPs) to reduce complexity of implementing base-line industrial connectivity for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The results of this study would be especially relevant to decision makers in industrial SMEs …


Designing Cybersecurity Competitions In The Cloud: A Framework And Feasibility Study, Chandler Ryan Newby Dec 2018

Designing Cybersecurity Competitions In The Cloud: A Framework And Feasibility Study, Chandler Ryan Newby

Theses and Dissertations

Cybersecurity is an ever-expanding field. In order to stay current, training, development, and constant learning are necessary. One of these training methods has historically been competitions. Cybersecurity competitions provide a method for competitors to experience firsthand cybersecurity concepts and situations. These experiences can help build interest in, and improve skills in, cybersecurity.

While there are diverse types of cybersecurity competitions, most are run with on-premise hardware, often centralized at a specific location, and are usually limited in scope by available hardware. This research focuses on the possibility of running cybersecurity competitions, specifically CCDC style competitions, in a public cloud environment. …


Integrating Global And Local Forecasting Resources And Methods For Flood Warning Systems In Central America And Caribbean Region, José Fidel Pérez Dec 2018

Integrating Global And Local Forecasting Resources And Methods For Flood Warning Systems In Central America And Caribbean Region, José Fidel Pérez

Theses and Dissertations

Hurricanes and tropical storms occur very frequently in the Central American and Caribbean Region (CA&CR). These extreme weather events produce a lot of rain and consequently a lot of flooding. Damages and loses have been estimated to amount to 13.4 billion dollars in the last ten years. Flood Warning Systems (FEWS) are a key preventive strategy to reduce risk. Technological progress is improving the resources made available for FEWS to be more viable. In spite of the international support for FEWS and the fast development of ICT, there are very few countries in the CA&CR that have succeeded in developing …


A Flexible Service-Oriented Approach To Address Hydroinformatic Challenges In Large-Scale Hydrologic Predictions, Michael Antonio Souffront Alcantara Dec 2018

A Flexible Service-Oriented Approach To Address Hydroinformatic Challenges In Large-Scale Hydrologic Predictions, Michael Antonio Souffront Alcantara

Theses and Dissertations

Water security is defined as a combination of water for achieving our goals as a society, and an acceptable level of water-related risks. Hydrologic modeling can be used to predict streamflow and aid in the decision-making process with the goal of attaining water security. Developed countries usually have their own hydrologic models; however, developing countries often lack hydrologic models due to factors such as the maintenance, computational costs, and technical capacity needed to run models. A global streamflow prediction system (GSPS) would help decrease vulnerabilities in developing countries and fill gaps in areas where no local models exist by providing …


Netlight: Cloud Baked Indirect Illumination, Nathan Andrew Zabriskie Nov 2018

Netlight: Cloud Baked Indirect Illumination, Nathan Andrew Zabriskie

Theses and Dissertations

Indirect lighting drastically increases the realism of rendered scenes but it has traditionally been very expensive to calculate. This has long precluded its use in real-time rendering applications such as video games which have mere milliseconds to respond to user input and produce a final image. As hardware power continues to increase, however, some recently developed algorithms have started to bring real-time indirect lighting closer to reality. Of specific interest to this paper, cloud-based rendering systems add indirect lighting to real-time scenes by splitting the rendering pipeline between a server and one or more connected clients. However, thus far they …