Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (36)
- Life Sciences (30)
- Psychology (14)
- Cell and Developmental Biology (11)
- Economics (11)
-
- Medicine and Health Sciences (11)
- Neuroscience and Neurobiology (11)
- Biology (9)
- Developmental Biology (9)
- Education (9)
- Developmental Psychology (8)
- Arts and Humanities (7)
- Growth and Development (6)
- Business (5)
- Developmental Neuroscience (5)
- Physiology (4)
- Political Science (4)
- Anthropology (3)
- Cell Biology (3)
- Clinical Psychology (3)
- Cognitive Neuroscience (3)
- Curriculum and Instruction (3)
- Genetics and Genomics (3)
- International Economics (3)
- International Relations (3)
- International and Area Studies (3)
- Nursing (3)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (3)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (3)
- Animal Studies (2)
- Institution
-
- University of Connecticut (7)
- Claremont Colleges (4)
- The University of San Francisco (4)
- University at Albany, State University of New York (4)
- University of South Carolina (4)
-
- Walden University (4)
- Washington University in St. Louis (4)
- Western University (4)
- DePaul University (3)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (2)
- East Tennessee State University (2)
- James Madison University (2)
- SUNY Buffalo State University (2)
- The Texas Medical Center Library (2)
- The University of Southern Mississippi (2)
- University of Denver (2)
- University of Mississippi (2)
- University of Montana (2)
- University of New Hampshire (2)
- University of Vermont (2)
- American University in Cairo (1)
- Bellarmine University (1)
- Bowling Green State University (1)
- Brigham Young University (1)
- Bucknell University (1)
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (1)
- Clemson University (1)
- Cleveland State University (1)
- Duquesne University (1)
- George Fox University (1)
- Publication
-
- Master's Theses (8)
- Theses and Dissertations (8)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (5)
- Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations (4)
- Doctoral Dissertations (4)
-
- Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository (4)
- Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024) (4)
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (4)
- Honors Theses (3)
- CMC Senior Theses (2)
- College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations (2)
- Dissertations (2)
- Dissertations & Theses (Open Access) (2)
- Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects (2)
- Scripps Senior Theses (2)
- Undergraduate Honors Theses (2)
- All ETDs from UAB (1)
- All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023 (1)
- All Theses (1)
- Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects (1)
- College of Education Theses and Dissertations (1)
- Creativity and Change Leadership Graduate Student Master's Projects (1)
- DNP Qualifying Manuscripts (1)
- Dissertations (1934 -) (1)
- Dissertations - ALL (1)
- Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access) (1)
- Dissertations, 2014-2019 (1)
- Doctor of Ministry (1)
- ETD Archive (1)
- Finanzas y Comercio Internacional (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 99
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Genetic Analysis Of A Novel Ftsk Homolog, Hfka, In Streptomyces Coelicolor Development-Associated Chromosome Segregation, Sumedha Sethi
Genetic Analysis Of A Novel Ftsk Homolog, Hfka, In Streptomyces Coelicolor Development-Associated Chromosome Segregation, Sumedha Sethi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A quintessential phenomenon occurring during prokaryotic development is accurate segregation of the replicated genomes into the daughter cells. Key energy-dependent processes like chromosome condensation and subcellular partitioning of the genomes are driven by conserved proteins like SMC, ParB, FtsK. During its complex developmental cycle, Streptomyces coelicolor segregates its genomes into chains of unicellular spores when its multigenomic syncytial aerial hyphae undergo division.
A novel ftsK-like gene, hfkA (Homolog of FtsK protein A), was examined for function and localization during development-associated chromosome segregation. Individual deletions did not affect segregation, but a ΔhfkA ΔftsK mutant exhibited 8% anucleate …
Keeping Track Of Change: Developmental Insights Into The Ability To Represent Objects In Episodic Terms, Emily Yearling
Keeping Track Of Change: Developmental Insights Into The Ability To Represent Objects In Episodic Terms, Emily Yearling
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
The Design And Development Of A Device To Assist In Boosting Patients, Taylor A. Rieckhoff
The Design And Development Of A Device To Assist In Boosting Patients, Taylor A. Rieckhoff
Masters Theses
A common task a nurse is required to perform is called boosting patients. Boosting a patient is defined as lifting or sliding a patient back up in the bed after having slid down (Mannheim, Zieve, & Conaway, 2017). The current method for boosting patients involves a minimum of two personnel and an 11-step process. The 11-step process requires the person to manually lift and pull the patient using an existing half sheet on the bed (Mannheim, Zieve, & Conaway, 2017). Patients who cannot move or support themselves are moved every two to six hours or upon request (Bihn, Rieckhoff, Burkman, …
A Novel Switch-Like Function Of Delta-Catenin In Dendrite Development, Ryan Baumert
A Novel Switch-Like Function Of Delta-Catenin In Dendrite Development, Ryan Baumert
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
The formation of neuronal networks in the brain is tightly regulated, and dependent on the morphology of dendrites, the branch-like signal-receiving structures extending from neurons. Disruptions in dendrite development, or dendritogenesis, can lead to the atypical neuronal connectivity associated with multiple neurodevelopmental diseases. My research addresses molecular processes that underlie dendritogenesis via analysis of a pair of novel interactions involving the protein delta-catenin.
In neurons, delta-catenin localizes to dendrites and synapses, where it functions in their development and maintenance. Structurally, delta-catenin possesses a central Armadillo domain and a C-terminal PDZ-binding motif. This motif associates with PDZ domain-containing proteins, and is …
The Museum Of Experiential Living Art: Strategic Plan, Danielle D. Delia
The Museum Of Experiential Living Art: Strategic Plan, Danielle D. Delia
Museum Studies Projects
How can a museum support the new work of artists? Can a Tri-fold business plan offer a sustainable way to support an artists in residency program? Will the local community welcome a new museum into their town? What will be the benefit to the local economy? This capstone project presenting a strategic plan proposes the development of a new art museum located in Buffalo New York called, the Museum of Experiential Living Art (MoELA). The purpose of MoELA is to support practicing artists through an artist in residency program; by providing dedicated time, space, tools, materials, housing and nourishment while …
The Future Development Of Reits In China, Jia Sun
The Future Development Of Reits In China, Jia Sun
Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)
Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) is a type of trust fund or corporation that pools the funds of a large number of investors by issuing a certificate of income and invest the raised funds in real estate projects that are managed by a specialized investment institution. The real estate investment risk is moderate, and the rent is stable, but the capital threshold is high, and it is difficult for small and medium investors to enter the market. The invention of REITs aims to solve this problem, through the collection of funds, so that small and medium investors can enter the …
Improving Professional Development With The Torrance Incubation Model, Susan M. Czyrny
Improving Professional Development With The Torrance Incubation Model, Susan M. Czyrny
Creativity and Change Leadership Graduate Student Master's Projects
Abstract
The purpose of this project is to introduce and integrate creativity and creative problem solving concepts and methods that are supported by the application of technology and digital media into the professional learning and career development process. The current training framework consisting primarily of instructor-led lectures supported by PowerPoint presentations is not sufficient to provide students with depth and breadth of information needed to achieve competence. Creativity and innovation are critical skills needed to succeed in a globally competitive and changing marketplace and are now required competencies that need to be demonstrated. Interweaving creativity skills training and facilitation with …
The Role Of Gamma Oscillations And Cortical Inhibition In The Development Of Working Memory In Adolescence, Christopher P. Walker
The Role Of Gamma Oscillations And Cortical Inhibition In The Development Of Working Memory In Adolescence, Christopher P. Walker
Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)
Adolescence is a dynamic period of social, cognitive, and biological changes. In particular, working memory, the ability to actively encode and maintain information over a short period of time, develops early in childhood and gradually increases in capacity and stability during adolescence. The precise neurophysiological mechanism by which working memory capacity increases during adolescence is unclear. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the role of cortical gamma-band (> 30 Hz) oscillations—which are associated with working memory in adults—for the development of working memory capacity in adolescents, and to identify the extent to which the temporal profile of gamma-aminobutyric …
The Role Of Xenopus Laevis Reck In Ecm Remodeling And Tissue Patterning, Jessica Willson
The Role Of Xenopus Laevis Reck In Ecm Remodeling And Tissue Patterning, Jessica Willson
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Proper cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions are vital for cell migration and patterning of the vertebrate embryo. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, reversion-inducing cysteine-rich proteins with Kazal motifs (RECK) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), are all differentially expressed during embryogenesis to regulate such ECM remodeling events and cell interactions. While TIMPs are a family of 4 secreted proteins that share overlapping substrate specificities of MMPs, RECK is unique in that it is a membrane-anchored MMP inhibitor that is embryonic lethal in mice. I used Xenopus laevis as a model organism to investigate the role of RECK as …
How Does The Brain Represent Digits? Investigating The Neural Correlates Of Symbolic Number Representation Using Fmri-Adaptation, Celia Goffin
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
How does the brain represent numerical symbols (e.g., Arabic digits)? Activity in left parietal regions correlates with symbolic number processing. Research with functional resonance imaging adaptation (fMRI-A) indicates that the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) exhibits a rebound (increase in activation) effect when a repeatedly presented number is followed by a new number. Importantly, this rebound effect is modulated by numerical ratio as well as the difference between presented numbers (distance). This ratio-dependent rebound effect could reflect a link between symbolic numerical representation and an approximate number system (ANS). In this doctoral dissertation, fMRI-A is used to investigate mechanisms underlying symbolic number …
Promoting Self-Reflection Of Foreign Language Teachers Through Professional Development: An Action Research Dissertation, Hanan Khaled
Promoting Self-Reflection Of Foreign Language Teachers Through Professional Development: An Action Research Dissertation, Hanan Khaled
Theses and Dissertations
This explanatory mixed-method action research describes how a social constructivist professional development program impacts self-reflection of foreign language teachers at the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC). The problem is that traditional professional development for foreign language teachers does not improve self-reflection. Despite their individual differences and qualifications, most teachers receive traditional in-service professional development (Darling-Hammond, Hyler, Gardner, & Espinoza, 2017) on a specific topic and have no time to reflect on their existing practices, newly presented concepts, or students' responses to instruction. The effectiveness of such professional development is questionable (Darling-Hammond, Wei, Andree, Richardson, & Orphanos, 2009; Penuel, …
The Impact Of Relationships On Youth Developmental Outcomes In A Sport-Based Setting, Khalil Griffith
The Impact Of Relationships On Youth Developmental Outcomes In A Sport-Based Setting, Khalil Griffith
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
A Tale Of Two Symbioses: Development And Maintenance Of Bacterial Partnerships With The Hawaiian Bobtail Squid, Sarah J. Mcanulty
A Tale Of Two Symbioses: Development And Maintenance Of Bacterial Partnerships With The Hawaiian Bobtail Squid, Sarah J. Mcanulty
Doctoral Dissertations
Beneficial associations with microorganisms are widespread in the animal kingdom. The Hawaiian bobtail squid (Euprymna scolopes) has two symbiotic organs with bacteria. The light organ symbiosis contains one species of bioluminescent bacteria, Vibrio fischeri, which produces light allowing the squid to camouflage itself against down-welling moonlight. The second organ, the accessory nidamental gland (ANG), is found only in female squid and houses a consortium of bacteria1. Bacteria from the ANG are deposited into the squid’s egg jelly coat 2, where they play a defensive role against biofouling 3 1,4.
This dissertation characterizes the …
Floral Preformation In The Warming Boreal Forest: The Effects Of Temperature On The Development Of Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea, Eileen Schaub
Floral Preformation In The Warming Boreal Forest: The Effects Of Temperature On The Development Of Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea, Eileen Schaub
Master's Theses
The boreal forest is experiencing climate change at twice the rate of other regions. Although changes in flowering phenology are a known consequence of warming temperatures, much is unknown about the effects of temperature anomalies on floral development. Boreal angiosperms preform flowers a year or more in advance and are consequently subject to varied environmental conditions across that time. My thesis examines the effects of temperature on floral development in order to understand how boreal taxa will respond to climate change.
Collection of Vaccinium vitis-idaeafrom natural populations in Fairbanks, Alaska was carried out over the growing seasons of 2017 …
Brd4 Is Required For Granule Cell Progenitor Proliferation, Marie E. Maloof
Brd4 Is Required For Granule Cell Progenitor Proliferation, Marie E. Maloof
Open Access Dissertations
Bromodomain and extraterminal domain proteins are epigenetic reader proteins that recognize and bind acetylated histones to facilitate gene transcription. Because of their influence on transcription of genes involved in proliferation and differentiation, small molecule bromodomain inhibitors have entered clinical trials for various indications including several types of cancer. However, our understanding of bromodomain protein function is incomplete, as we do not completely understand their role in vertebrate development. We are investigating the role of the BET protein, Brd4, in cerebellar granule cell progenitor proliferation and cell cycle exit. Dysregulation of cerebellar granule cell progenitor proliferation leads to medulloblastoma, the most …
The Effects Of Deepwater Horizon Oil, Dispersants, And Environmental Stressors On The Health Of Two Important Gulf Of Mexico Species, Eastern Oysters And Sheepshead Minnows, Lindsay Jasperse
Doctoral Dissertations
The explosion of the Deepwater Horizon oil platform on April 20, 2010 initiated the release of 640 million liters of oil into the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). In efforts to prevent the oiling of coastlines, response officials applied nearly 7.5 million liters of the oil dispersant Corexit. Despite these efforts, oil reached over 2100 km of coastline along the northern GOM, including estuaries that serve as important habitats and nurseries. These estuaries are dynamic ecosystems, with constant fluctuations in salinity and dissolved oxygen. While it is well-established that oil is toxic to marine species, gaps remain in the understanding of …
Role Of Transient Receptor Potential Channels In Epithelial Morphogenesis In Chick Embryo, Trinity Q. Waddell
Role Of Transient Receptor Potential Channels In Epithelial Morphogenesis In Chick Embryo, Trinity Q. Waddell
Theses and Dissertations
Transient Receptor Potential channels (TRP) are a superfamily of cationic specific ionchannels that are regulated by various stimuli such as temperature, pH, mechanical stress, ligandsand ion concentration. The role of TRP channels in disease states such as autosomal dominantpolycystic kidney disease, cancer metastasis, and developmental defects lend credence to thebelief that they play an important part in epithelial morphogenesis events. The development ofsomites, neural tube closure and migration of neural crest cells to form things such as the faceand heart is a good developmental model for the aforementioned cellular processes. We haveshown that TRP channels can be found in the …
The Origins And Development Of Visual Categorization, Laura Cabral
The Origins And Development Of Visual Categorization, Laura Cabral
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Forming categories is a core part of human cognition, allowing us to make quickly make inferences about our environment. This thesis investigated some of the major theoretical interpretations surrounding the neural basis of visual category development. In adults, there are category-selective regions (e.g. in ventral temporal cortex) and networks (which include regions outside traditional visual regions—e.g. the amygdala) that support visual categorization. While there has been extensive behavioural work investigating visual categorization in infants, the neural sequence of development remains poorly understood. Based on behavioral experiments, one view holds that infants are initially using subcortical structures to recognize faces. Indeed, …
Defining Young Adulthood, Elena Higley
Defining Young Adulthood, Elena Higley
DNP Qualifying Manuscripts
Young adulthood is a unique developmental period that occurs between the ages of 18 and 25 years, during which there are key developmental tasks that allow the young adult to participate in self-exploration and identity formation. Currently, among various organizations there are differing definitions and age range inclusions for young adulthood, which cause confusion during program development, healthcare service delivery, and research. Young adulthood should be categorized separately from adolescence and adulthood, because young adults have lower rates of healthcare utilization and worse health outcomes related to preventable causes of morbidity and mortality than the surrounding age groups. Young adults …
Digital Childhood: How Mobile Devices Impact Child Development And Adolescent Behavior, Brenna Pinnock
Digital Childhood: How Mobile Devices Impact Child Development And Adolescent Behavior, Brenna Pinnock
Global Honors Theses
A new wave of smart and modern technology has integrated into lives and homes of families everywhere, thus the effects of early and continual exposure to this technology remain unknown. This is a global problem as many people around the world have access to this technology and interact with it in different ways. Whether it’s embracing it for future generations like Japan, or helping the newer generations with their overuse, almost addiction like tendencies with these devices like in South Korea. Around the world children are engaging with these devices at a young age and it’s found to have an …
The Influence Of Team Cohesion And Contextual Performance On Project Team Performance Over Time, Melissa Vazquez
The Influence Of Team Cohesion And Contextual Performance On Project Team Performance Over Time, Melissa Vazquez
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Theory and empirical research suggest that team cohesion and contextual performance relate to team performance. However, while general support exists for a team cohesion and contextual performance relationship, less is known about the how the relationship evolves over time. This study aimed to examine the extent to which team cohesion and contextual performance reciprocally relate over time. Data were collected from 245 individuals comprising 40 student project teams engaged in the Capsim business simulation over a 10-week quarter. Results supported hypothesis 1; based on a cross-lagged path model, a stronger relationship exists between contextual performance at time point 1 and …
Modification Of Host Behavior And Transmission In The Acanthocephalan Acanthocephalus Dirus: Effects Of Development, Intraspecific Conflict, And Host Sex, Sara R. Teemer
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Parasites are organisms that live on or in another in order to survive. In some cases, parasites require more than one host to complete their life cycle and rely on a predation event for transmission to the next host. Inside the host, the parasite must access host resources to grow and develop from the non-infective to infective stages. At the infective stage, the parasite is able to survive within the definitive host. Development to this stage has been correlated with changes in antipredatory behaviors, body size and color, and reproduction of intermediate hosts in ways that may increase predation by …
What Professional Development Practices Do Mid-Career Teachers Need?, Amy Christie
What Professional Development Practices Do Mid-Career Teachers Need?, Amy Christie
College of Education Theses and Dissertations
Finding out what keeps teachers engaged, satisfied and feeling successful during their mid-career years is an area that needs further examination. Moreover, what professional development practices do teachers need to thrive and adapt to modern learning practices after their 4th year in the classroom? All teachers, regardless of where they are in their career, should be valued and deserve professional development. To avoid the feeling of a “dull routine,” one may suggest that providing differentiated professional development offerings may sustain a feeling of meaningful work for mid-career teachers. These teachers may be at risk of becoming stagnant in their careers, …
Investigation Of Even-Skipped, A Developmentally-Regulated Gene Controlling Neural Segmentation In Dragonflies, Kathryn Bangser
Investigation Of Even-Skipped, A Developmentally-Regulated Gene Controlling Neural Segmentation In Dragonflies, Kathryn Bangser
Honors Theses
A comprehensive understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying pattern formation and neurogenesis is necessary in order to trace the evolutionary history of insect embryogenesis.
One of the most important processes of embryogenesis is the organized pattern formation that allows for proper body segmentation and neural development. Proper segmentation, which relies on a series of specific gene expressions, is necessary for the development of an operational nervous system. Even-skipped (eve), one such regulatory gene, has been studied extensively in certain model organisms, and theories regarding the evolution of its functional role could be further elucidated by visualizing its expression …
The Proteomic Response Of Northern Elephant Seal (Mirounga Angustirostris) Pups To Physiological Stress During Development, Melissa P. Voisinet
The Proteomic Response Of Northern Elephant Seal (Mirounga Angustirostris) Pups To Physiological Stress During Development, Melissa P. Voisinet
Master's Theses
Background: Northern elephant seals transition from terrestrial nursing pups to pelagic foraging juveniles in a short period of just 8-12 weeks. During the post-weaning period, pups rely solely on the energy reserves gained during nursing for their caloric demands and water supply. The prolonged absence of food after weaning is the first of many fasts for which the seals have evolved adaptations such as decreased urine production and increased blubber reserves. The stressors experienced from learning to dive for the first time are also stressors that they will experience frequently as an adult and for which they have evolved adaptations. …
Assessing Community Based Education In Upper Egypt Failure And Success, Amira Hussein
Assessing Community Based Education In Upper Egypt Failure And Success, Amira Hussein
Theses and Dissertations
Community based education has been used in different developing countries in the context of the Education for All (EFA) commitments as a mechanism to increase access and enrollment for basic education in remote and rural areas. It has been introduced to Egypt in 1992 through a partnership between MOE, INGOs, such as UNICEF, USAID, CARE, and local communities. This study examines the current prevailing perception about the community education model as being a successful alternative for public primary education in Egypt in marginalized areas and for vulnerable and marginalized groups mainly girls. It argues that in spite of achieving satisfactory …
Development Finance Institutions As Tools For Foreign Aid Distribution: A Comparative Analysis Of The Overseas Private Investment Corporation, Findev Canada And Deutsche Investitions – Und Entwicklungsgesellschaft, Kamal Mann
Major Papers
An understanding of how foreign aid has changed requires a thorough examination of the efforts taken in aid to address the widening finance gap in development, alongside the often-contested issue of aid effectiveness. This is particularly the case when looking at how aid should be paid for. Yet the question of how to best program and deliver foreign aid remains unanswered.
Aid remains one of the largest aspects of international transfers of resources that occur in the world, as such it is important to study it. The rise of Development Finance Institutions, which are publicly owned, private lending institutions helps …
Characterization Of Pth Type-2 Receptor ( Pth2rb ) And Its Endogenous Ligand Pth2 In Zebrafish Development, Nicholas Seitz
Characterization Of Pth Type-2 Receptor ( Pth2rb ) And Its Endogenous Ligand Pth2 In Zebrafish Development, Nicholas Seitz
Theses and Dissertations
Members of the parathyroid hormone family of ligands, PTH (parathyroid hormone), PTH2, and PTHLH (parathyroid hormone-like hormone). These hormones interact with the class B GCPRs parathyroid hormone receptors PTH1R, PTH2R, and PTH3R to regulate a variety of biological processes. In mammals, PTH and PTHLH activate PTH1R and PTH3R to mediate serum calcium homeostasis, chondrogenesis, and bone maintenance. PTH2R activation by PTH2 has been studied primarily in regard to its neuroendocrine roles but is also found in the skin where it contributes to wound healing and keratinocyte differentiation. Still, little is known about the impacts of PTH2R signaling relative to PTH1R …
Play Behavior And The Development Of Boldness And Caution In Juvenile Belding’S Ground Squirrels (Urocitellus Beldingi), Madelene Shehan
Play Behavior And The Development Of Boldness And Caution In Juvenile Belding’S Ground Squirrels (Urocitellus Beldingi), Madelene Shehan
Master's Theses
The ubiquity of play among juvenile mammals suggests it provides adaptive benefits, potentially through influences on the development of temperament in young animals. Juvenile Belding’s ground squirrels (Urocitellus beldingi) must balance competing demands for boldness and caution imposed by the fundamental trade-off between their short active season and their vulnerability to predation. In this study, I evaluated whether play helps to facilitate the development of an appropriate balance between boldness and caution in juvenile U. beldingi.I observed the play behavior of juvenile U. beldingiand conducted flight-initiation distance tests to measure boldness-caution at the beginning and toward …
The Long-Run Effects Of Tropical Cyclones On Infant Mortality, Isabel Miranda
The Long-Run Effects Of Tropical Cyclones On Infant Mortality, Isabel Miranda
Master's Theses
In the United States alone, each tropical cyclone causes an average of $14.6 billion worth of damages. In addition to the destruction of physical infrastructure, natural disasters also negatively impact human capital formation. These losses are often more difficult to observe, and therefore, are over looked when quantifying the true costs of natural disasters. One particular effect is an increase in infant mortality rates, an important indicator of a country’s general socioeconomic level. This paper utilizes a model created by Anttila-Hughes and Hsiang, that takes advantage of annual variation in tropical cyclones using annual spatial average maximum wind speeds and …