Digital Commons Network^™

Women Of African Descent: Persistence In Completing A Doctorate, Vannetta L. Bailey-Iddrisu

Vannetta L. Bailey-Iddrisu

This study examines the educational persistence of women of African descent (WOAD) in pursuit of a doctorate degree at universities in the southeastern United States. WOAD are women of African ancestry born outside the African continent. These women are heirs to an inner dogged determination and spirit to survive despite all odds (Pulliam, 2003, p. 337).This study used Ellis’s (1997) Three Stages for Graduate Student Development as the conceptual framework to examine the persistent strategies used by these women to persist to the completion of their studies.

Prison Visitation Policies: A Fifty State Survey, Chesa Boudin

Chesa Boudin

This paper presents a summary of the findings from the first fifty-state survey of prison visitation policies. Our research explores the contours of how prison administrators exercise their discretion to prescribe when and how prisoners may have contact with friends and family. Visitation policies impact recidivism, inmates’ and their families’ quality of life, public safety, and prison security, transparency and accountability. Yet many policies are inaccessible to visitors and researchers. Given the wide-ranging effects of visitation, it is important to understand the landscape of visitation policies and then, where possible, identify best practices and uncover policies that may be counterproductive …

The Comparison Of Sex Role And Self-Differentiation In Women Married Students, Fatemeh Ashtarayeh, Pegah Goodarzy, Mohamad Ali Naji Nia

university of science & culture

This study compared the differentiation of women in different patterns of gender differentiation including androgen, men and women were conducted, and the importance of Sex role in achieving to high levels of Self-differentiation has been analyzed. In this study for the analysis of data has been used MANOVA multivariate analysis of variance tests and Scheffe post hoc test. Statistical Society included of all married woman students at public universities in Tehran. The study sample included 200 people who were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling among public universities in Tehran to respond to research questionnaires. Research tools include questionnaire, the sex …

Women, Education & The Diaspora, Dr Williams Emeka Obiozor

Dr Williams Emeka Obiozor

Educating the woman is a challenge to many governments in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria where successive governments have made efforts to promote and support women education and bridging the gender gap in the education, labor and economic sector. This position paper examined issues and challenges of women regarding education and the Diaspora: An experience coming from a Nigerian-American who spent more than a decade living and working in the United States of America. Motivations for leaving an individuals’ homeland are as varied as the immigrants themselves, especially women who leave for opportunity, some for adventure, education, marriage and some to …

Attrition From Australian Ict Degrees - Why Women Leave, Madeleine R. H Roberts, Tanya J. Mcgill, Peter N. Hyland

Associate Professor Peter Hyland

Student attrition is of particular concern in the field of ICT because the industry faces staffing shortfalls, generally and a noticeable lack of female employees. This paper explores the reasons female students give for leaving their ICT courses. An online survey of early leavers from four Australian universities was conducted. The results show that, for many students, it is a combination of issues that leads to their withdrawal. Contrary to expectations, few female ex-students had experienced serious life events that necessitated their withdrawal or indicated that negative behaviour or attitudes had contributed to their decision to leave. More commonly female …

Life Choices, Academic Choices, And The Importance Of Mentors, Katharine Conley

Katharine Conley

No abstract provided.

Boardroom Diversity: Why It Matters, Lawrence J. Trautman

Lawrence J. Trautman Sr.

What exactly is board diversity and why does it matter? How does diversity fit in an attempt to build the best board for an organization? What attributes and skills are required by law and what mix of experiences and talents provide the best corporate governance? Even though most companies say they are looking for diversity, why has there been such little progress? Are required director attributes, which are a must for all boards, consistent with future diversity gains and aligned with achieving high performance and optimal board composition? How might women and people of color best cultivate the skills necessary …

Female Leadership Of Today In The United Arab Emirates, Susan R. Madsen, Linzi Kemp, Moh El-Saidi

Susan R. Madsen

This paper is based on data mined from a major database in the MENA region that tracks information about public and private companies. The paper, with nearly 1000 organizations analyzed, outlines the state of affairs in the UAE in terms of the presence of women in senior leadership positions.

See No Evil, Hear No Evil, Speak No Evil; Stemming The Tide Of No Promo Homo Laws In American Schools, Madelyn Rodriguez

Madelyn Rodriguez

In several states, and many more local governments, teachers are being mandated to teach their students that homosexuality is inherently abhorrent and should be shunned. These so called “No Promo Homo” policies vary in scope; from those barring any positive discussion of homosexuality to those which insinuate the association of homosexuality with various social ills. As a result of these policies, teachers are being used as a conduit for misinformation and, more disturbingly, for discrimination and bias. Because teachers naturally have an immense impact on their students, the concepts and values advocated or discouraged by them will have an immeasurable …

Religion / State: Where The Separation Lies, Vincent Samar

Vincent J. Samar

The article traces the history of the establishment clause including various court tests that have been used to interpret it, discusses various contemporary justifications for the clause, and culls from those justifications why the “accommodationist” approach sometimes used by the Court must be rejected.

I then introduce the ethical Doctrine of Double Effect to reconsider other tests the Court has applied (total separation, endorsement, neutrality and coercion), ultimately to justify a new neutrality test that provides a clearer understanding of the principles behind non-establishment. I show how the new neutrality test could be used in resolving future cases, for example, …

Women Leaders In The Areas Of Higher Education, The Legal Profession And Corporate Boards: Continued Challenges And Opportunities, Maria Pabon Lopez, Natasha Ann Lacoste

Maria Pabon Lopez

Abstract Many believe the “woman problem” has been solved, since women are now represented in powerful positions in government, academia, business, and the law. It is true that women today occupy more positions of power than ever; however, these numbers are quite small at the top level, especially for women of color. This article begins with an overview of women in the workforce and their presence in education; and then goes on to review the current data on women in three settings—higher education faculty, the law, and corporate boards. Next, it examines the barriers women encounter in reaching the top …

Politics As Usual: Black Stereotypes And President Obama's Racialization, Lynnette Jenkins

Lynnette R Jenkins

President Barack Obama attempted to transcend race by running a colorblind campaign and administration. Nevertheless, the President and First Lady Michelle Obama have been racialized by media as the result of stereotyping and white supremacy. This paper will demonstrate that racism is not a relic of the past by drawing parallels between previous racist imagery and current media depictions of Barack and Michelle Obama.

Reproductive Technology Development Of Artificial Wombs And Its Prospective Impact On Employment Law: How Federal Legislation Must Redefine “Birth” After Ectogenesis To Rectify 29 U.S.C.A. § 2612 Of The Family And Medical Leave Act Of 1993, Daniel J. Burns

Daniel J Burns

There are countless issues stemming recent advancements in the field of reproductive technology. This article focuses specifically on redefining “birth” to appropriately reflect how external fetal gestation will inevitably impact the future of both maternity and paternity leave in the United States and provides recommendations on how to rectify the currently ambiguous federal legislation.

Numbers Are Not Enough: Women In Higher Education In The 21st Century, Sherry H. Penney, Jennifer Brown, Laura Mcphie Oliveria

Sherry Penney

Women are now the majority of students in institutions of higher education in the United States, and in many ways women as students and faculty have seen significant progress. But numbers do not tell the whole story. Subtle forms of discrimination continue to exist, and the higher up the pyramid you go, the fewer women are to be found, whether among tenured faculty, as presidents and provosts or as board members and board chairs. Many steps can be taken to improve the situation. Some institutions are recognizing that. We note some positive changes and discuss areas where improvement is needed. …

Towards Determining Legal Parentage By Agreement In Israel, Yehezkel Margalit

Hezi Margalit

In Israel as in other parts of the world, families, parenthood, and relations between parents and children have changed dramatically over the past few decades. So, too, developments in modern medicine have enhanced the ability to separate sexuality from fertility and parenthood. Many researchers feel that the legal system has not kept pace with these changes, and that traditional models of familial relationships no longer provide adequate tools for dealing with them. In order to bridge the gap between a desired social status and current law, a growing number of parents seek to regulate the status, rights, and obligations of …

Disabled Kids And Their Moms: Caregivers And Horizontal Equity, Karen S. Czapanskiy

Karen Czapanskiy

No abstract provided.

The Psychology Of "Othering" And The Fears Of Feminizing The Fire Services Through Gender Inclusiveness, Rodger E. Broome Phd

Rodger E. Broome

Editor’s Note: In searching for answers for the way things are – you sometimes have to look at things from a different viewpoint. iWomen thought that Dr. Broome has an interesting perspective as he does consider whether we contribute to our (all women in the fire service) own obstacles by not promoting

Determining Legal Parenthood By Agreement As A Possible Solution To The Challenges Of The New Era, Yehezkel Margalit

Hezi Margalit

Over the past decades, we witnessed changes in the matrimonial and parenting institutions. Medical innovations have further created ethical-legal dilemmas. It is, therefore, essential to create a theory and framework that will determine ways to deal with the resulting dilemma in a fully developed manner. This paper surveys the current, conflicting shifts in family structure and the definition of legal parenthood. In it, I deal with the importance and various aspects of defining legal parenthood. I will also focus on the singularity of this dilemma as it is increasingly apparent in the various fertility treatments. I present the sociological-legal roots …

Disease Awareness Advertising: Women's Intentions Following Exposure, Danika Hall, Sandra C. Jones, Donald C. Iverson

Don C. Iverson

Background: In Australia, where direct to consumer advertising of prescription medicines is prohibited, pharmaceutical companies can sponsor disease awareness advertising targeting consumers. This study examined the impact of disease awareness advertising exposure on older women's reported behavioural intentions. Method: Women were approached in a shopping centre and randomly assigned mock advertisements for two health conditions. Disease information and sponsors were manipulated. Results: Two hundred and forty-one women responded to 466 advertisements. Almost half reported an intention to ask their doctor for a prescription or referral as a result of seeing the advertisement, but more reported they would talk to their …

Australian Women's Perceptions Of Breast Cancer Risk Factors And The Risk Of Developing Breast Cancer, Sandra C. Jones, Christopher A. Magee, Lance R. Barrie, Donald C. Iverson, Parri Gregory, Emma L. Hanks, Anne E. Nelson, Caroline L. Nehill, Helen M. Zorbas

Don C. Iverson

Background Numerous studies have shown that the majority of women overestimate both their own risk and the populations’ risk of developing breast cancer. A number of factors have been found to correlate with perceived risk. Methods This paper reports on a telephone survey of a nationally representative sample of approximately 3,000 Australian women aged 30 to 69 years, conducted in 2007, and compares the findings with those of a similar survey conducted in 2003. Results There was a clear tendency for respondents to overestimate the proportion of women who will develop breast cancer during their lifetime. Approximately half the respondents …

Content Analysis Of Disease Awareness Advertisements In Popular Australian Women's Magazines, Danika V. Hall, Sandra C. Jones, Donald C. Iverson

Don C. Iverson

Objective: To examine the nature of disease awareness advertising (DAA). Design: Therapeutic advertisements in six popular Australian women’s magazines were monitored between April 2006 and March 2007. A subset of advertisements was included in the study based on criteria derived from a definition of DAA. Unique advertisements were analysed by four independent coders. Main outcome measures: Types of advertisements and their sponsors, the types of disease information present, and the persuasive techniques utilised. Results: Of 711 advertisements identified, 60 met the inclusion criteria for DAA, and 30 of these were unique. Over one-third of the advertisements were classified as “unbranded …

The Bitter Relicks Of My Flame: The Embodiment Of Venereal Disease And Prostitution In The Novels Of Jane Austen, Melanie Erin Osborn

Melanie E Osborn

Resembling the mercurial, black beauty mark used as an ornamental concealment of syphilitic sores, Jane Austen’s comedy of manners likewise acted as a superficial cosmetic device that concealed the ubiquity of venereal disease and prostitution hidden within. Through her characters, Austen used veiled narrative to highlight the reality of venereal disease and prostitution in eighteenth-century England. This thesis uncovers the hidden narrative in Jane Austen’s novels, as a means of better understanding the impact venereal disease and prostitution had on sexual issues with women and the female body during the eighteenth century. Beginning with an almost comic reference to venereal …

Women Leading Family Businesses, Mary Barrett

Mary Barrett

Women in leadership roles in family businesses are still not regarded as the norm. Media representations of women CEOs of family firms still emphasize the sensational and unique aspects of their presence at the top, especially with stories about the 'little girl' who became a successor in a family business, the devastated widow who took over her late husband's business and led it to great heights, or the sister who outperformed an older brother in a family owned automobile dealership. Yet women should not be seen as oddities in business, including family business, when in most countries they form slightly …

Needles In A Needlestack: ‘‘Prodromal’’ Symptoms Of Unusual Fatigue And Insomnia Are Too Prevalent Among Adult Women Visiting The Ed To Be Useful In Diagnosing Acs Acutely, Paris B. Lovett

Paris B Lovett

Needles In A Needlestack: ‘‘Prodromal’’ Symptoms of Unusual Fatigue and Insomnia Are Too Prevalent Among Adult Women Visiting the ED to be Useful in Diagnosing ACS Acutely

Paris B. Lovett1, Yvonne N. Ezeala1, Rex G. Mathew1, Julia L. Moon2 1

Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; 2Drexel University, School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA

Background: In 2003, McSweeney et al. reported surveys on ‘‘prodromal’’ symptoms recalled by women who had experienced myocardial infarctions (MI). Unusual fatigue was reported by 70.7% (severe 29.7%) and insomnia by 47.8% (severe 21.0%). These findings have led to risk management recommendations to consider these symptoms as …

Embryo Disposition Agreements: The Effect Of Personal Autonomy, Constitutional Rights, And Public Policy On Enforceability, Damages, And Remedies, Nicholas Seger

Nicholas D. Seger

No abstract provided.

Understanding The Value Of Education: A Critical Component Of A Major Social Change Effort, Susan R. Madsen, Cheryl Hanewicz, Nicolle Johnson, Jessica Burnham

Susan R. Madsen

Receiving the benefits of postsecondary education is important to nations throughout the world. A more educated citizenry results in, among other things, less crime and poverty, increased physical and mental health of individuals, and greater economic growth (e.g., American Human Development Project, 2009; Pascarella, & Terenzini, 2005). These benefits are felt at all levels of society (i.e., individual, community, and national) and essentially define the social and economic structure of a nation. According to a Lumina Foundation (2009) report “college-attainment rates are rising in almost every industrialized or post-industrial country in the world, except the U.S.” (p.1). The graduation rate …

Leadership Programs For Women In Higher Education, Susan R. Madsen, Karen A. Longman, Jessica Daniels

Susan R. Madsen

The purpose of this abstract is to propose an AHRD conference symposium that will focus on leadership programs for women in higher education. This would be the first of four presentations, and will set the stage for a symposium that would be based on articles that will be published in a February 2012 Special Issue of Advances. I have discussed this with the Editor-in-Chief of Advances and the 2012 AHRD Conference Program Chair and received approval for this submission.

Reconciling Liberty And Equality In The Debate Over Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis, Jessica Knouse

Jessica A. Knouse

This article draws on postmodern theory to develop a framework for analyzing situations in which liberty and equality appear to conflict. It uses the debate over non-therapeutic preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) as an example. While PGD is, at present, almost entirely unregulated within the United States, there seems to be relative consensus that “therapeutic” or “medical” trait selection – e.g., selection against certain genetic and chromosomal disorders – should per permitted. There is, however, substantial disagreement as to whether “non-therapeutic” trait selection – e.g., selection based on parental preference for a particular sex, disability, eye color, hair color, or skin …

The Failure And Promise Of Equity In Domestic Abuse Cases, Jeffrey Baker

Jeffrey R Baker

In a generation, American law has experienced dramatic reforms in response to domestic abuse, including innovative criminal law enforcement schemes, liberalized divorce standards and civil protection orders. Feminist activism prompted and drove these reforms and related cultural understanding of domestic abuse, and they have yielded more effective legal options for victims of domestic violence. Virtually all of these reforms built upon existing structures to afford specific process and remedies to victims of domestic abuse, but why were innovations necessary if existing legal structures could have intervened on their own extant authority? Customary, common law equity might have intervened effectively to …

To Be Or Not To Be (A Parent)? – Not Precisely The Question; The Frozen Embryo Dispute, Yehezkel Margalit

Hezi Margalit

Modern medicine offers a variety of fertility treatments, with the result that in the United States alone, there are more than 400,000 frozen embryos and another 10,000 are frozen every year. Since the rate of divorce in the United States increases exponentially, one can easily imagine how many frozen embryos could become open to litigation. Indeed, the media, the law and the people concerned with the ethical aspects have devoted much attention to this issue. This is because litigation forces the reassessment of many complex issues starting with the appropriate balance between an individual’s legal right to be and not …