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Psychometric Evaluation Of The Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (Mddi) Among Gender-Expansive People, Emilio J. Compte, Chloe J. Cattle, Jason M. Lavender, Tiffany A. Brown, Stuart B. Murray, Matthew R. Capriotti, Annesa Flentje, Micah E. Lubensky, Juno Obedin-Maliver, Mitchell R. Lunn, Jason M. Nagata

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Purpose: Muscle dysmorphia is generally classified as a specific form of body dysmorphic disorder characterized by a pathological drive for muscularity and the preoccupation that one is too small or not sufficiently muscular. The majority of research on the condition has been conducted in cisgender men with a paucity of literature on gender minority people, a population that is at risk for muscle dysmorphia. One of the most widely used measures of muscle dysmorphia symptoms, the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI), has not been psychometrically validated for use in gender minority samples, the aim of the present study. Methods: We …

Editorial: Women In Academia: Challenges And Solutions To Representation In The Social Sciences, Camille S. Johnson, Jessi L. Smith, Colette Van Laar

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

Migraine, Migraine Disability, Trauma, And Discrimination In Sexual And Gender Minority Individuals, Nicole Rosendale, Elan L. Guterman, Juno Obedin-Maliver, Annesa Flentje, Matthew R. Capriotti, Micah E. Lubensky, Mitchell R. Lunn

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Background and ObjectivesThis study sought to describe migrainous headache frequency and severity and to examine the relationship between trauma, discrimination, and migraine-associated disability in a sample of sexual and/or gender minority (SGM) adults.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study of SGM people in The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality Study from August to October 2018. The primary exposure was any trauma or discrimination, regardless of attribution. The primary outcome was moderate-severe migraine disability, as defined by a Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) Questionnaire score of ≥11. We performed descriptive analysis comparing respondents with any migrainous headache with those without. Multivariable …

Psychometric Validation Of The Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (Mddi) Among U.S. Transgender Men, Jason M. Nagata, Emilio J. Compte, F. Hunter Mcguire, Jason M. Lavender, Stuart B. Murray, Tiffany A. Brown, Matthew R. Capriotti, Annesa Flentje, Micah E. Lubensky, Juno Obedin-Maliver, Mitchell R. Lunn

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Muscle dysmorphia (MD) is characterized by a pervasive belief or fear of insufficient muscularity and an elevated drive for muscularity, representing the pathological and extreme pursuit of muscularity. Psychometric properties of one of the most widely used measures of MD symptoms—the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI)—have yet to be evaluated in transgender men despite emerging evidence suggesting differential risk for MD symptoms in this population. In this study, we assessed the psychometric properties of the MDDI in a sample of 330 transgender men ages 18–67 years who participated in a large-scale national longitudinal cohort study of sexual and gender minority …

The Impact Of Faculty-In-Residence Programs: A Difference-In-Differences And Cross-Sectional Approach, Leonard Lira, Christine Ma-Kellams, Kyle Hambrook, Ravneet Tiwana, Lina Anastasovitou, Luis Arabit, Jennifer Johnston, Theodore Tsau

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Purpose: Faculty-in-Residence (FIR) programs are implemented based on research that shows positive effects on student success when students interact with faculty outside of the classroom. However, most research is limited by cross-sectional studies of only students and does not look at the Faculty-in-Residence programs from a holistic perspective that investigates the impact on faculty. This study focuses on the impact, not only on students over time but additionally on the perceived impact on faculty who participate in Faculty-in-Residence programs.

Methods: We examined the effect of FIR programs at a large, public California university on both student success (i.e., …

Early Starts And Late Finishes Both Reduce Alertness And Performance Among Short-Haul Airline Pilots, Lucia Arsintescu, Sean Pradhan, Ravi G. Chachad, Kevin B. Gregory, Jeffrey B. Mulligan, Erin E. Flynn-Evans

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Flight crews are frequently required to work irregular schedules and, as a result, can experience sleep deficiency and fatigue. This study was conducted to determine whether perceived fatigue levels and objective performance varied by time of day, time awake, and prior night's sleep duration. Ninety-five pilots (86 male, 9 female) aged 33 years (±8) volunteered for the study. Participants completed a daily sleep diary, Samn-Perelli fatigue scale, and psychomotor vigilance task that were completed before and after each flight duty period and at the top-of-descent for each flight. Pilots experienced higher self-reported fatigue (EMM = 3.92, SE = 0.09, p < 0.001) and worse performance (Response speed: EMM = 4.27, SE = 0.08, p = 0.004) for late-finishing duties compared with early-starting duties (Samn-Perelli: EMM = 3.74, SE = 0.08; Response speed: EMM = 4.37, SE = 0.08), but had shorter sleep before early-starting duties (early: EMM = 6.94, SE = 0.10; late: EMM = 8.47, SE = 0.14, p < 0.001). However, pre-duty Samn-Perelli and response speed were worse (z = 4.18, p < 0.001; z = 3.05, p = 0.03; respectively) for early starts compared with late finishes (EMM = 2.74, SE = 0.19), while post-duty Samn-Perelli was worse for late finishes (EMM = 4.74, SE = 0.19) compared with early starts (EMM = 4.05, SE = 0.12). The results confirm that duty time has a strong influence on self-reported fatigue and performance. Thus, all flights that encroach on a biological night are targets for fatigue risk management oversight.

Minority Stress, Structural Stigma, And Physical Health Among Sexual And Gender Minority Individuals: Examining The Relative Strength Of The Relationships, Annesa Flentje, Kristen D. Clark, Ethan Cicero, Matthew R. Capriotti, Micah E. Lubensky, John Sauceda, Torsten B. Neilands, Mitchell R. Lunn, Juno Obedin-Maliver

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Background: Sexual and gender minority (SGM; i.e., non-heterosexual and transgender or gender-expansive, respectively) people experience physical health disparities attributed to greater exposure to minority stress (experiences of discrimination or victimization, anticipation of discrimination or victimization, concealment of SGM status, and internalization of stigma) and structural stigma. Purpose: To examine which components of minority stress and structural stigma have the strongest relationships with physical health among SGM people. Methods: Participants (5,299 SGM people, 1,902 gender minority individuals) were from The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality (PRIDE) Study. Dominance analyses estimated effect sizes showing how important each component of …

Do Ask, Tell, And Show: Contextual Factors Affecting Sexual Orientation And Gender Identity Disclosure For Sexual And Gender Minority People, Leslie W. Suen, Mitchell R. Lunn, Jae M. Sevelius, Annesa Flentje, Matthew R. Capriotti, Micah E. Lubensky, Carolyn Hunt, Shannon Weber, Mahri Bahati, Ana Rescate, Zubin Dastur, Juno Obedin-Maliver

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Purpose: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) people - including members of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer communities - remain underrepresented in health research due to poor collection of sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data. We sought to understand the contextual factors affecting how SGM research participants interact with SOGI questions to enhance participant experience and increase the accuracy and sensitivity of research findings. Methods: We recruited SGM adults for in-person semi-structured focus groups or online cognitive interviews from 2016 to 2018. During focus groups and cognitive interviews, we asked participants to respond to SOGI question sets. We employed …

Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Theoretical Approach Utilizing Three Dimensions Of Power Analysis, Timothy J. Nguyen, Tara Zolnikov

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) is often associated with high costs and burden to the rest of society; however, it remains a disorder with no evidence of effective traditional psychological interventions. This theoretical study aimed to analyze the phenomenon of power and how it may influence the conceptualization of ASPD. Data was collected through a comprehensive and systematic review of the current ASPD literature. Findings suggested ASPD as severely conceptually flawed, highly imbalanced in terms of power dynamics between professionals and people diagnosed with ASPD, absent of participants’ voices, absent of any effective traditional psychotherapy interventions, disproportionately focused on deficit-oriented strategies …