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Ignition Improvers For Aqueous Ammonia As Marine Fuel, Alessandro Schönborn, Kang-Ki Lee
Ignition Improvers For Aqueous Ammonia As Marine Fuel, Alessandro Schönborn, Kang-Ki Lee
Articles
The potential of three molecules NH4NO2, H2O2, and O3 to ignite aqueous solutions of ammonia (25% by mass) as fuel, was investigated using chemical kinetic simulations at conditions representative of a two-stroke marine diesel engine. The purpose was to address two of the most prominent issues with making ammonia a practical fuel for marine applications: the difficulty of igniting ammonia, and the safety concerns regarding its volatility and toxicity. The ignition simulations carried out to this end used a two-zone reactor model of the engine, representing the ignition zone into which fuel was injected, and the bulk cylinder gases, respectively. …
Protecting Ocean Carbon Through Biodiversity And Climate Governance, Laura G. Elsler, Maartje Oostdijk, Lisa A. Levin, Erin V. Satterthwaite, Malin L. Pinsky, Guillermo Ortuño Crespo, Mary S. Wisz
Protecting Ocean Carbon Through Biodiversity And Climate Governance, Laura G. Elsler, Maartje Oostdijk, Lisa A. Levin, Erin V. Satterthwaite, Malin L. Pinsky, Guillermo Ortuño Crespo, Mary S. Wisz
Articles
Global policy goals for halting biodiversity loss and climate change depend on each other to be successful. Marine biodiversity and climate change are intertwined through foodwebs that cycle and transport carbon and contribute to carbon sequestration. Yet, biodiversity conservation and fisheries management seldom explicitly include ocean carbon transport and sequestration. In order to effectively manage and govern human activities that affect carbon cycling and sequestration, international biodiversity and climate agreements need to address both biodiversity and climate issues. International agreements that address issues for climate and biodiversity are best poised to facilitate the protection of ocean carbon with existing policies. …
Governing Open Ocean And Fish Carbon: Perspectives And Opportunities, Maartje Oostdijk, Laura G. Elsler, Paulina Ramírez-Monsalve, Kirill Orach, Mary S. Wisz
Governing Open Ocean And Fish Carbon: Perspectives And Opportunities, Maartje Oostdijk, Laura G. Elsler, Paulina Ramírez-Monsalve, Kirill Orach, Mary S. Wisz
Articles
Marine life plays a vital role in the ocean’s biological pump by sequestering and mediating fluxes of carbon to the deep sea and sea floor. The roles that fish and other marine vertebrates play in the biological pump are increasingly attracting scientific and policy attention. In this paper, we investigated the interest in and possibilities for the international governance of open ocean and fish carbon ecosystem services. We used semi-structured interviews with representatives from environmental non-governmental organisations (ENGOs), policy makers, and policy experts, along with an exploratory review of grey and peer-reviewed literature to: 1) trace the pathway of important …