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Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

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Piezochromic Behavior Of 2,4,6-Triphenylpyrylium Tetrachloroferrate, Princess Canasa, David King, Petrika Cifligu, Adrian F. Lua Sanchez, Si L. Chen, Haesook Han, Trimaan Malik, Brant Billinghurst, Jianbao Zhao, Changyong Park, George R. Rossman, Michael Pravica, Pradip K. Bhowmik, Egor Evlyukhin Apr 2024

Piezochromic Behavior Of 2,4,6-Triphenylpyrylium Tetrachloroferrate, Princess Canasa, David King, Petrika Cifligu, Adrian F. Lua Sanchez, Si L. Chen, Haesook Han, Trimaan Malik, Brant Billinghurst, Jianbao Zhao, Changyong Park, George R. Rossman, Michael Pravica, Pradip K. Bhowmik, Egor Evlyukhin

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

In advanced photonics, there is a growing interest in piezochromic luminescent materials that exhibit multicolor switching, driven by their potential applications in optical recording, memory, and sensors. Here, the piezochromic behavior of 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium tetrachloroferrate (Py-FeCl4) under high pressures from 0 to 9 GPa is reported. The observed multicolor changing properties of Py-FeCl4 (yellow–orange–red–maroon–black) are found to be fully reversible upon decompression to ambient conditions. The mechanism of Py-FeCl4 piezochromism is investigated via Raman, infrared, and UV–vis spectroscopy combined with powder X-ray Diffraction. The absence of structural phase transitions as well as the abrupt shifts of bandgap …


Facile One-Pot Synthesis And Anti-Microbial Activity Of Novel 1,4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives In Aqueous Micellar Solution Under Microwave Irradiation, Asmita Goswami, Navneet Kaur, Manvinder Kaur, Kishanpal Singh, Harvinder Singh Sohal, Haesook Han, Pradip K. Bhowmik Mar 2024

Facile One-Pot Synthesis And Anti-Microbial Activity Of Novel 1,4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives In Aqueous Micellar Solution Under Microwave Irradiation, Asmita Goswami, Navneet Kaur, Manvinder Kaur, Kishanpal Singh, Harvinder Singh Sohal, Haesook Han, Pradip K. Bhowmik

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

The current study describes a novel and eco-conscious method to synthesize 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives utilizing an aqueous micellar solution containing aluminum dodecyl sulfate, Al(DS)3, using readily available starting material. The final products were synthesized with excellent yields within remarkably quick reaction durations, promoting remarkable atom economy and minimizing environmental impacts. The present protocol has several advantages over other methodologies in terms of high yield (up to 97%) with excellent purity. Further, the synthesized 1,4-DHPs exhibit favorable to excellent resistance against examined bacterial and fungal species. Intriguingly, polar groups on the phenyl ring (5b, 5c, 5i and 5j) make the 1,4-DHPs equally …


Using The Inelastic Background In Hard X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy For A Depth-Resolved Analysis Of The Cds / Cu(In,Ga)Se < Inf > 2 < / Inf > Interface, Dirk Hauschild, Ralph Steininger, Dimitrios Hariskos, Wolfram Witte, Sven Tougaard, Clemens Heske, Lothar Weinhardt Dec 2021

Using The Inelastic Background In Hard X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy For A Depth-Resolved Analysis Of The Cds / Cu(In,Ga)Se < Inf > 2 < / Inf > Interface, Dirk Hauschild, Ralph Steininger, Dimitrios Hariskos, Wolfram Witte, Sven Tougaard, Clemens Heske, Lothar Weinhardt

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

The inelastic background of hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data is analyzed to paint a depth-resolved picture of the CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CdS/CIGSe) layer structure. The CdS/CIGSe interface is the central component in next-generation chalcopyrite thin-film photovoltaic devices. By analyzing both, the (unscattered) core-level peaks and the inelastic background, and by varying the excitation photon energy from 2.1 up to 14 keV, we can derive photoemission information over a broad range of electron kinetic energies and, hence, sampling depths. With this complementary information, the CdS film thickness of a CdS/CIGSe interface can be accurately determined as a function of the CdS deposition time. …


Coupling Methylammonium And Formamidinium Cations With Halide Anions: Hybrid Orbitals, Hydrogen Bonding, And The Role Of Dynamics, Chinnathambi Kamal, Dirk Hauschild, Linsey Seitz, Ralph Steininger, Wanli Yang, Clemens Heske, Lothar Weinhardt, Michael Odelius Nov 2021

Coupling Methylammonium And Formamidinium Cations With Halide Anions: Hybrid Orbitals, Hydrogen Bonding, And The Role Of Dynamics, Chinnathambi Kamal, Dirk Hauschild, Linsey Seitz, Ralph Steininger, Wanli Yang, Clemens Heske, Lothar Weinhardt, Michael Odelius

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

The electronic structures of four precursors for organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, namely, methylammonium chloride and iodide, as well as formamidinium bromide and iodide, are investigated by X-ray emission (XE) spectroscopy at the carbon and nitrogen K-edges. The XE spectra are analyzed based on density functional theory calculations. We simulate the XE spectra at the Kohn-Sham level for ground-state geometries and carry out detailed analyses of the molecular orbitals and the electronic density of states to give a thorough understanding of the spectra. Major parts of the spectra can be described by the model of the corresponding isolated organic cation, whereas high-emission …


Aerobic Copper-Promoted Oxidative Dehydrosulfurative Carbon-Oxygen Cross-Coupling Of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidine-1: H -2-Thiones With Alcohols, Jihong Lee, Yujeong Kwon, Dong-Chan Lee, Jeong Hun Sohn Nov 2021

Aerobic Copper-Promoted Oxidative Dehydrosulfurative Carbon-Oxygen Cross-Coupling Of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidine-1: H -2-Thiones With Alcohols, Jihong Lee, Yujeong Kwon, Dong-Chan Lee, Jeong Hun Sohn

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

An aerobic Cu-promoted oxidative dehydrosulfurative carbon-oxygen cross-coupling of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1H-2-thiones (DHPMs) with both aliphatic and aromatic alcohols is described. Together with the ready availability of DHPMs and both alcohols, the method furnishes facile access to biologically valuable 2-alkoxypyrimidines with rapid diversification.


The San1 Ubiquitin Ligase Avidly Recognizes Misfolded Proteins Through Multiple Substrate Binding Sites, Rebeca Ibarra, Heather R. Borror, Bryce Hart, Richard G. Gardner, Gary Kleiger Nov 2021

The San1 Ubiquitin Ligase Avidly Recognizes Misfolded Proteins Through Multiple Substrate Binding Sites, Rebeca Ibarra, Heather R. Borror, Bryce Hart, Richard G. Gardner, Gary Kleiger

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

Cellular homeostasis depends on robust protein quality control (PQC) pathways that discern misfolded proteins from functional ones in the cell. One major branch of PQC involves the controlled degradation of misfolded proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Here ubiquitin ligases must recognize and bind to misfolded proteins with sufficient energy to form a complex and with an adequate half-life to achieve poly-ubiquitin chain formation, the signal for protein degradation, prior to its dissociation from the ligase. It is not well understood how PQC ubiquitin ligases accomplish these tasks. Employing a fully reconstituted enzyme and substrate system to perform quantitative biochemical experiments, …


Thermal Analysis Of Benzotriazolium Perrhenate And Its Implication To Rhenium Metal, James Louis-Jean, Harry Jang, Andrew J. Swift, Frederic Poineau Sep 2021

Thermal Analysis Of Benzotriazolium Perrhenate And Its Implication To Rhenium Metal, James Louis-Jean, Harry Jang, Andrew J. Swift, Frederic Poineau

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

The thermal analysis behavior of C6H6N3[ReO4] was studied by simultaneous thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) up to 700 °C under argon. Such analysis afforded rhenium metal, which was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. XRD peak broadening due to crystallite size and lattice strain was analyzed by both Williamson-Hall (W-H) and Debye-Scherrer (D-S) methods. Efforts to isolate Re metal from the thermal treatment of benzotriazole (BTA = C6H5N3) with NH4ReO4 and Re2O7 under various atmospheres and temperatures are also reported. The results provide a significant insight into …


Inelastic, Exchange, And Reactive Processes In Rovibrationally Excited Collisions Of Hd With H, Boyi Zhou, Benhui Yang, Balakrishnan Naduvalath, B. K. Kendrick, Maodu Chen, P. C. Stancil Sep 2021

Inelastic, Exchange, And Reactive Processes In Rovibrationally Excited Collisions Of Hd With H, Boyi Zhou, Benhui Yang, Balakrishnan Naduvalath, B. K. Kendrick, Maodu Chen, P. C. Stancil

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

The HD molecule is an important coolant in early universe chemistry models and a tracer of H2 in star-forming regions. Rate coefficients for collisional excitation and de-excitation of HD rotational and vibrational levels form important ingredients in astrophysical models. While collisions with He, H2, and H are the most important, available data for H + HD collisions are largely limited to temperatures less than 1000 K for the vibrational ground state, low-lying rotational levels of the v = 1 HD vibrational level, or computed without reactive contributions. Here, through explicit quantum scattering calculations, we report extensive data for rovibrational transitions …


Singlet Fission In Acene Blends, Katharina Broch, Clemens Zeiser, Chad Cruz, Luca Moretti, Margherita Maiuri, Eric Chronister, David Reichman, Roel Tempelaar, Giulio Cerullo, Christopher Bardeen Aug 2021

Singlet Fission In Acene Blends, Katharina Broch, Clemens Zeiser, Chad Cruz, Luca Moretti, Margherita Maiuri, Eric Chronister, David Reichman, Roel Tempelaar, Giulio Cerullo, Christopher Bardeen

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

Singlet fission (SF), the photophysical process converting an excited singlet exciton into two triplet excitons, is a promising approach to boost solar cell efficiencies. It is controlled by various parameters such as intermolecular interactions, energetics, entropy and vibronic coupling and a controlled modification of these parameters is key to a fundamental understanding. Blends of organic semiconductors present an interesting alternative to established methods of chemical functionalization and their potential for the study of SF pathways will be discussed using acene blends as example. Mixed thin films of SF chromophores and weakly interacting, high-bandgap spacer molecules allow one to study the …


Vacancy Control In Acene Blends Links Exothermic Singlet Fission To Coherence, Clemens Zeiser, Chad Cruz, David R. Reichman, Michael Seitz, Jan Hagenlocher, Eric L. Chronister, Christopher J. Bardeen, Roel Tempelaar, Katharina Broch Aug 2021

Vacancy Control In Acene Blends Links Exothermic Singlet Fission To Coherence, Clemens Zeiser, Chad Cruz, David R. Reichman, Michael Seitz, Jan Hagenlocher, Eric L. Chronister, Christopher J. Bardeen, Roel Tempelaar, Katharina Broch

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

The fission of singlet excitons into triplet pairs in organic materials holds great technological promise, but the rational application of this phenomenon is hampered by a lack of understanding of its complex photophysics. Here, we use the controlled introduction of vacancies by means of spacer molecules in tetracene and pentacene thin films as a tuning parameter complementing experimental observables to identify the operating principles of different singlet fission pathways. Time-resolved spectroscopic measurements in combination with microscopic modelling enables us to demonstrate distinct scenarios, resulting from different singlet-to-triplet pair energy alignments. For pentacene, where fission is exothermic, coherent mixing between the …


Dicationic Stilbazolium Salts: Structural, Thermal, Optical, And Ionic Conduction Properties, Pradip K. Bhowmik, Jung J. Koh, David King, Haesook Han, Benoît Heinrich, Bertrand Donnio, Daniel Zaton, Alfonso Martinez-Felipe Aug 2021

Dicationic Stilbazolium Salts: Structural, Thermal, Optical, And Ionic Conduction Properties, Pradip K. Bhowmik, Jung J. Koh, David King, Haesook Han, Benoît Heinrich, Bertrand Donnio, Daniel Zaton, Alfonso Martinez-Felipe

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

Two series of new dicationic stilbazolium salts containing tosylate and triflimide counterions, respectively, were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. Despite of their promesogenic structures, none of these salts are mesomorphous, and instead they solely exhibit crystalline polymorphism, as deduced from differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy and variable temperature X-ray measurements. These salts were also found to be highly thermally stable with decomposition temperatures occurring well above 300 °C, and up to 367 °C for the triflimide salts, as determined by thermogravimetric analysis. UV–Vis absorption and photoluminescent properties were examined in both solution and in the …


Recovery Of High Specific Activity Molybdenum-99 From Accelerator-Induced Fission On Low-Enriched Uranium For Technetium-99m Generators, M. Alex Brown, Nathan Johnson, Artem V. Gelis, Milan Stika, Anna G. Servis, Alex Bakken, Christine Krizmanich, Kristin Shannon, Peter Kozak, Amanda Barnhart, Chad Denbrock, Nicolas Luciani, Terry Grimm, Peter Tkac Jun 2021

Recovery Of High Specific Activity Molybdenum-99 From Accelerator-Induced Fission On Low-Enriched Uranium For Technetium-99m Generators, M. Alex Brown, Nathan Johnson, Artem V. Gelis, Milan Stika, Anna G. Servis, Alex Bakken, Christine Krizmanich, Kristin Shannon, Peter Kozak, Amanda Barnhart, Chad Denbrock, Nicolas Luciani, Terry Grimm, Peter Tkac

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

A new process was developed to recover high specific activity (no carrier added) 99Mo from electron-accelerator irradiated U3O8 or uranyl sulfate targets. The process leverages a novel solvent extraction scheme to recover Mo using di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid following uranium and transuranics removal with tri-n-butyl phosphate. An anion-exchange concentration column step provides a final purification, generating pure 99Mo intended for making 99Mo/99mTc generators. The process was demonstrated with irradiated uranium targets resulting in more than 95% 99Mo recovery and without presence of fission products or actinides in the product.


Special Issue Editorial: Current Advances In Liquid Crystals, Pradip K. Bhowmik Jun 2021

Special Issue Editorial: Current Advances In Liquid Crystals, Pradip K. Bhowmik

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

No abstract provided.


Β -Technetium: An Allotrope With A Nonstandard Volume-Pressure Relationship, Emily Siska, Dean Smith, Christian Childs, Daniel Koury, Paul M. Forster, Keith V. Lawler, Ashkan Salamat Jun 2021

Β -Technetium: An Allotrope With A Nonstandard Volume-Pressure Relationship, Emily Siska, Dean Smith, Christian Childs, Daniel Koury, Paul M. Forster, Keith V. Lawler, Ashkan Salamat

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

We report the synthesis and structure of the second allotrope of technetium, β-Tc. Transformative pathways are accessed at extreme conditions using the laser-heated diamond anvil cell and confirmed with in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. β-Tc is fully recoverable to ambient conditions, although counter to our DFT calculations predicting a face-centered-cubic lattice, we observe a tetragonal structure (I4/mmm) that exhibits further tetragonal distortion with pressure. β-Tc has an expanded volume relative to the hcp ground state phase, that when doped with nitrogen has an unexpected volume lowering. Such anomalous behavior is possibly indicative of a rare electronic phase …


Colossal Density-Driven Resistance Response In The Negative Charge Transfer Insulator Mns2, Dylan Durkee, Nathan Dasenbrock-Gammon, G. Alexander Smith, Elliot Snider, Dean Smith, Christian Childs, Simon A.J. Kimber, Keith V. Lawler, Ranga P. Dias, Ashkan Salamat Jun 2021

Colossal Density-Driven Resistance Response In The Negative Charge Transfer Insulator Mns2, Dylan Durkee, Nathan Dasenbrock-Gammon, G. Alexander Smith, Elliot Snider, Dean Smith, Christian Childs, Simon A.J. Kimber, Keith V. Lawler, Ranga P. Dias, Ashkan Salamat

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

A reversible density driven insulator to metal to insulator transition in high-spin MnS2 is experimentally observed, leading with a colossal electrical resistance drop of 108 ω by 12 GPa. Density functional theory simulations reveal the metallization to be unexpectedly driven by previously unoccupied S22- σ3p∗ antibonding states crossing the Fermi level. This is a unique variant of the charge transfer insulator to metal transition for negative charge transfer insulators having anions with an unsaturated valence. By 36 GPa the emergence of the low-spin insulating arsenopyrite (P21/c) is confirmed, and the bulk metallicity is broken with the system returning to an …


Regulation Of Dna Replication Licensing And Re-Replication By Cdt1, Hui Zhang May 2021

Regulation Of Dna Replication Licensing And Re-Replication By Cdt1, Hui Zhang

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication licensing is precisely regulated to ensure that the initiation of genomic DNA replication in S phase occurs once and only once for each mitotic cell division. A key regulatory mechanism by which DNA re-replication is suppressed is the S phase-dependent proteolysis of Cdt1, an essential replication protein for licensing DNA replication origins by loading the Mcm2-7 replication helicase for DNA duplication in S phase. Cdt1 degradation is mediated by CRL4 ubiquitin E3 ligase, which further requires Cdt1 binding to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) through a PIP box domain in Cdt1 during DNA synthesis. Recent …


Pressure- And Temperature-Dependent Inelastic Neutron Scattering Study Of The Phase Transition And Phonon Lattice Dynamics In Para-Terphenyl, Qingan Cai, Michael Mcintire, Luke L. Daemen, Chen Li, Eric Chronister Mar 2021

Pressure- And Temperature-Dependent Inelastic Neutron Scattering Study Of The Phase Transition And Phonon Lattice Dynamics In Para-Terphenyl, Qingan Cai, Michael Mcintire, Luke L. Daemen, Chen Li, Eric Chronister

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

Inelastic neutron scattering has been performed on para-terphenyl at temperatures from 10 to 200 K and under pressures from the ambient pressure to 1.51 kbar. The temperature dependence of phonons, especially low-frequency librational bands, indicates strong anharmonic phonon dynamics. The pressure- and temperature-dependence of the phonon modes suggest a lack of phase transition in the region of 0-1.51 kbar and 10-30 K. Additionally, the overall lattice dynamics remains similar up to 200 K under the ambient pressure. The results suggest that the boundary between the ordered triclinic phase and the third solid phase, reported at lower temperatures and higher pressures, …


Steep Sulfur Gradient In Cztsse Solar Cells By H2s-Assisted Rapid Surface Sulfurization, Teoman Taskesen, Devendra Pareek, Dirk Hauschild, Alan Haertel, Lothar Weinhardt, Wanli Yang, Timo Pfeiffelmann, David Nowak, Clemens Heske, Levent Gütay Mar 2021

Steep Sulfur Gradient In Cztsse Solar Cells By H2s-Assisted Rapid Surface Sulfurization, Teoman Taskesen, Devendra Pareek, Dirk Hauschild, Alan Haertel, Lothar Weinhardt, Wanli Yang, Timo Pfeiffelmann, David Nowak, Clemens Heske, Levent Gütay

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

Sulfur/selenium grading is a widely used optimization strategy in kesterite thin-film solar cells to obtain a bandgap-graded absorber material and to optimize optical and electrical properties of the solar-cell device. In this work, we present a novel approach to introduce a [S]/([S] + [Se]) grading for Cu ZnSn(S,Se) solar cells. In contrast to commonly used methods with slow process dynamics, the presented approach aims to create a fast sulfurization reaction on the surface of pure selenide kesterite absorbers by using highly reactive H S gas and high sulfurization temperatures in a rapid flash-type process. With a combination of X-ray photoelectron …


Poly(Pyridinium Salt)S Containing 2,7-Diamino-9,9'-Dioctylfluorene Moieties With Various Organic Counterions Exhibiting Both Lyotropic Liquid-Crystalline And Light-Emitting Properties, Pradip K. Bhowmik, Tae S. Jo, Jung J. Koh, Jongwon Park, Bidyut Biswas, Ronald Carlo G. Principe, Haesook Han, András F. Wacha, Matti Knaapila Mar 2021

Poly(Pyridinium Salt)S Containing 2,7-Diamino-9,9'-Dioctylfluorene Moieties With Various Organic Counterions Exhibiting Both Lyotropic Liquid-Crystalline And Light-Emitting Properties, Pradip K. Bhowmik, Tae S. Jo, Jung J. Koh, Jongwon Park, Bidyut Biswas, Ronald Carlo G. Principe, Haesook Han, András F. Wacha, Matti Knaapila

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

A series of poly(pyridinium salt)s-fluorene main-chain ionic polymers with various organic counterions were synthesized by using ring-transmutation polymerization and metathesis reactions. Their chemical structures were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), proton (1H), and fluorine 19 (19F) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers. These polymers showed a number-average molecular weight (Mns) between 96.5 and 107.8 kg/mol and polydispersity index (PDI) in the range of 1.12-1.88. They exhibited fully-grown lyotropic phases in polar protic and aprotic solvents at different critical concentrations. Small-angle X-ray scattering for one polymer example indicates lyotropic structure formation for 60-80% solvent fraction. A lyotropic smectic phase contains 10 …


Coexistence Of Metamagnetism And Slow Relaxation Of Magnetization In Ammonium Hexafluoridorhenate, James Louis-Jean, Samundeeswari M. Balasekaran, Keith V. Lawler, Adrián Sanchis-Perucho, José Martínez-Lillo, Dean Smith, Paul M. Forster, Ashkan Salamat, Frederic Poineau Feb 2021

Coexistence Of Metamagnetism And Slow Relaxation Of Magnetization In Ammonium Hexafluoridorhenate, James Louis-Jean, Samundeeswari M. Balasekaran, Keith V. Lawler, Adrián Sanchis-Perucho, José Martínez-Lillo, Dean Smith, Paul M. Forster, Ashkan Salamat, Frederic Poineau

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021. The (NH4)2[ReF6] (1) salt was studied by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, theoretical calculations, and magnetic measurements.1crystallizes in the trigonal space groupP3̄m1 (Re-F = 1.958(5) Å). In the Raman spectrum of1, splitting of the observed peaks was observed and correlated to the valence frequencies of vibration of the [ReF6]2−anion. The study of the magnetic properties of1, through DC and AC magnetic susceptibility measurements, reveals the coexistence of metamagnetism and slow relaxation of magnetization at low temperature, which is unusual in the molecular systems based on the paramagnetic 5d metal ions reported so far.


Next-Generation Diamond Electrodes For Neurochemical Sensing: Challenges And Opportunities, Erin K. Purcell, Michael F. Becker, Yue Guo, Seth A. Hara, Kip A. Ludwig, Collin J. Mckinney, Elizabeth M. Monroe, Robert Rechenberg, Cory A. Rusinek, Akash Saxena, James R. Siegenthaler, Caryl E. Sortwell, Cort H. Thompson, James K. Trevathan, Suzanne Witt, Wen Li Jan 2021

Next-Generation Diamond Electrodes For Neurochemical Sensing: Challenges And Opportunities, Erin K. Purcell, Michael F. Becker, Yue Guo, Seth A. Hara, Kip A. Ludwig, Collin J. Mckinney, Elizabeth M. Monroe, Robert Rechenberg, Cory A. Rusinek, Akash Saxena, James R. Siegenthaler, Caryl E. Sortwell, Cort H. Thompson, James K. Trevathan, Suzanne Witt, Wen Li

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Carbon-based electrodes combined with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) enable neurochemical sensing with high spatiotemporal resolution and sensitivity. While their attractive electrochemical and conductive properties have established a long history of use in the detection of neurotransmitters both in vitro and in vivo, carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) also have limitations in their fabrication, flexibility, and chronic stability. Diamond is a form of carbon with a more rigid bonding structure (sp3-hybridized) which can become conductive when boron-doped. Boron-doped diamond (BDD) is characterized by an extremely wide potential window, low background current, and good …


New Dithiocarbamates As A Possible Human Serum Albumin Metal Carrier In Drug Delivery Systems And Their Antioxidant And Antiproliferative Activities, Saadi M.D. Al-Nuzal, Azhar M. Haleem, Ken Czerwinski, Salah M. Haleem Jan 2021

New Dithiocarbamates As A Possible Human Serum Albumin Metal Carrier In Drug Delivery Systems And Their Antioxidant And Antiproliferative Activities, Saadi M.D. Al-Nuzal, Azhar M. Haleem, Ken Czerwinski, Salah M. Haleem

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

New mono- and bis-dithiocarbamates were prepared from the reaction of organic dihydrazides -NHNH-(C=O)(CH2)x-(C=O)NHNH- (where x = 0, 2, 4) and basic carbon disulfide with varying chain length 10-14 atom as a human serum metal carrier. The products were characterized by various spectrophotometric such as 1H and 13C NMR and elemental analysis. Their antiproliferative activities were examined on two species of the standard strains of the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Gram-negative Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 by following the procedure of broth micro-dilution method (BMM), which was applied at the concentrations: 0.0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm for each compound. …


Potential Application Of Ionic Liquids For Electrodeposition Of The Material Targets For Production Of Diagnostic Radioisotopes, Maciej Chotkowski, Damian Połomski, Kenneth Czerwinski Nov 2020

Potential Application Of Ionic Liquids For Electrodeposition Of The Material Targets For Production Of Diagnostic Radioisotopes, Maciej Chotkowski, Damian Połomski, Kenneth Czerwinski

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

An overview of the reported electrochemistry studies on the chemistry of the element for targets for isotope production in ionic liquids (ILs) is provided. The majority of investigations have been dedicated to two aspects of the reactive element chemistry. The first part of this review presents description of the cyclotron targets properties, especially physicochemical characterization of irradiated elements. The second part is devoted to description of the electrodeposition procedures leading to obtain elements or their alloys coatings (e.g., nickel, uranium) as the targets for cyclotron and reactor generation of the radioisotopes. This review provides an evaluation of the role ILs …


Lead Complexation By Humic Acids And Their Analogs: A Voltammetric Study, Spencer Steinberg, Vernon Hodge Nov 2020

Lead Complexation By Humic Acids And Their Analogs: A Voltammetric Study, Spencer Steinberg, Vernon Hodge

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Differential pulse polarography (DPP) was used to assess the interaction of Pb2+ with various humic acid analogs and several humic acids. DPP analysis demonstrated that the reduction peak maximum (Ep) for Pb2+ shifted to more negative values in the presence of humic acids and humic acid analogs. The observed Ep for Pb2+ in the presence of humic acids and humic acid analogs is influenced by ligand concentration, solution pH and Pb2+ concentration. Shifts in the Ep for Pb2+ are related to the reduction potential and can be rationalized using the Lingane …


Countercurrent Actinide Lanthanide Separation Process (Alsep) Demonstration Test With A Simulated Purex Raffinate In Centrifugal Contactors On The Laboratory Scale, Andreas Wilden, Fabian Kreft, Dimitri Schneider, Zaina Paparigas, Giuseppe Modolo, Gregg J. Lumetta, Artem V. Gelis, Jack D. Law, Andreas Geist Oct 2020

Countercurrent Actinide Lanthanide Separation Process (Alsep) Demonstration Test With A Simulated Purex Raffinate In Centrifugal Contactors On The Laboratory Scale, Andreas Wilden, Fabian Kreft, Dimitri Schneider, Zaina Paparigas, Giuseppe Modolo, Gregg J. Lumetta, Artem V. Gelis, Jack D. Law, Andreas Geist

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

An Actinide Lanthanide Separation Process (ALSEP) for the separation of trivalent actinides (An(III)) from simulated raffinate solution was successfully demonstrated using a 32-stage 1 cm annular centrifugal contactor setup. The ALSEP solvent was composed of a mixture of 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (HEH[EHP]) and N,N,N′,N′-tetra-(2-ethylhexyl)-diglycolamide (T2EHDGA) in n-dodecane. Flowsheet calculations and evaluation of the results were done using the Argonne’s Model for Universal Solvent Extraction (AMUSE) code using single-stage distribution data. The co-extraction of Zr(IV) and Pd(II) was prevented using CDTA (trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid) as a masking agent in the feed. For the scrubbing of co-extracted Mo; citrate-buffered acetohydroxamic acid was …


Impact Of Uv-Induced Ozone And Low-Energy Ar+-Ion Cleaning On The Chemical Structure Of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 Absorber Surfaces, Victor R. Van Maris, Dirk Hauschild, Thomas P. Niesen, Patrick Eraerds, Thomas Dalibor, Jörg Palm, Monika Blum, Wanli Yang, Clemens Heske, Lothar Weinhardt Oct 2020

Impact Of Uv-Induced Ozone And Low-Energy Ar+-Ion Cleaning On The Chemical Structure Of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 Absorber Surfaces, Victor R. Van Maris, Dirk Hauschild, Thomas P. Niesen, Patrick Eraerds, Thomas Dalibor, Jörg Palm, Monika Blum, Wanli Yang, Clemens Heske, Lothar Weinhardt

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

Dry buffer layer deposition techniques for chalcopyrite (CIGSSe)-based thin-film solar cells lack the surface-cleaning characteristics of the commonly used CdS or Zn(O,S) wet-chemical bath deposition. A UV-induced ozone and/or a low-energy Ar+-ion treatment could provide dry CIGSSe surface cleaning steps. To study the impact of these treatments, the chemical surface structure of a CIGSSe absorber is investigated. For this purpose, a set of surface-sensitive spectroscopic methods, i.e., laboratory-based x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray-excited Auger electron spectroscopy, is combined with synchrotron-based soft x-ray emission spectroscopy. After treatment times as short as 15 s, the UV-induced ozone treatment decreases the amount of …


Investigation Of The Interaction Of Gadolinium With Several Organic Ligands And Humic Acid By Ligand Competition Using 4-(2-Pyridylazo)-Resorcinol (Par), Spencer Steinberg, Vernon Hodge, Luis Becerra-Hernandez Sep 2020

Investigation Of The Interaction Of Gadolinium With Several Organic Ligands And Humic Acid By Ligand Competition Using 4-(2-Pyridylazo)-Resorcinol (Par), Spencer Steinberg, Vernon Hodge, Luis Becerra-Hernandez

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

Gd3+ forms a strongly colored complex with 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR) in aqueous solutions. We characterized the Gd3+-PAR complex in order to use it as a probe of Gd3+ speciation in the presence of environmentally relevant ligands. The formation of the Gd3+-PAR complex was investigated from pH 5 to 8 in the presence of excess PAR. The absorbance of the Gd3+-PAR complex dramatically increased from pH 5 to 8 and application of the method of continuous variation indicates that the complex was primarily 1:2 Gd(PAR)2 at pH 8. Stability constants for Gd3+ with other ligands can be quantified by competitive displacement of …


Machine Learning Corrected Quantum Dynamics Calculations, A. Jasinski, J. Montaner, R. C. Forrey, B. H. Yang, P. C. Stancil, Naduvalath Balakrishnan, J. Dai, A. Vargas-Hernandez, R. V. Krems Aug 2020

Machine Learning Corrected Quantum Dynamics Calculations, A. Jasinski, J. Montaner, R. C. Forrey, B. H. Yang, P. C. Stancil, Naduvalath Balakrishnan, J. Dai, A. Vargas-Hernandez, R. V. Krems

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

Quantum scattering calculations for all but low-dimensional systems at low energies must rely on approximations. All approximations introduce errors. The impact of these errors is often difficult to assess because they depend on the Hamiltonian parameters and the particular observable under study. Here, we illustrate a general, system- and approximation-independent, approach to improve the accuracy of quantum dynamics approximations. The method is based on a Bayesian machine learning (BML) algorithm that is trained by a small number of exact results and a large number of approximate calculations, resulting in ML models that can generalize exact quantum results to different dynamical …


Chemist Table: A Tool For Designing Or Modifying Instruction For A Systems Thinking Approach In Chemistry Education, Sarah York, Marykay Orgill Jul 2020

Chemist Table: A Tool For Designing Or Modifying Instruction For A Systems Thinking Approach In Chemistry Education, Sarah York, Marykay Orgill

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

Recently, there have been calls to integrate systems thinking approaches into chemistry education in order to strengthen students’ conceptual understanding, build their problem-solving capabilities, and prepare them to make informed, ethical decisions about globally relevant issues, such as sustainability. Unfortunately, implementation of systems thinking approaches in chemistry classrooms currently poses challenges. Exemplar systems thinking materials with a STEM focus are limited, particularly at the tertiary level. Moreover, the science education community has yet to agree upon a systems thinking definition or develop a comprehensive list of systems thinking skills that students should develop. Thus, a current priority for the advancement …


Non-Adiabatic Quantum Dynamics Of The Ultracold Li+Lina→ Li2+Na Chemical Reaction, B. K. Kendrick, M. Li, H. Li, S. Kotochigova, J. F.E. Croft, Balakrishnan Naduvalath Jun 2020

Non-Adiabatic Quantum Dynamics Of The Ultracold Li+Lina→ Li2+Na Chemical Reaction, B. K. Kendrick, M. Li, H. Li, S. Kotochigova, J. F.E. Croft, Balakrishnan Naduvalath

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

We report non-adiabatic dynamics of the Li+LiNa→Li2+Na chemical reaction at cold and ultracold temperatures employing accurate ab initio electronic potential energy surfaces in a quantum dynamics formulation employing a diabatic representation. Results are compared against those from a single adiabatic ground state potential energy surface and a universal model based on the long-range interaction potential. We discuss signatures of non-universal behavior in the total rate coefficients as well as strong non-adiabatic effects in the state-to-state rotationally resolved rate coefficients.