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Articles 1 - 21 of 21
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Sargassum In The Florida Keys: Assessment Using High Resolution Remote Sensing, Sarah “Sully” Sullivan
Sargassum In The Florida Keys: Assessment Using High Resolution Remote Sensing, Sarah “Sully” Sullivan
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Pelagic Sargassum in the Atlantic Ocean, one type of floating macroalgae, has increased in biomass and extent since 2011, bringing environmental, health, and economic issues to coastal communities. The introduction of large quantities of Sargassum to the Florida Keys, a tourism hub renowned for coral reef and marine diversity, poses a potentially devastating threat. Currently, Sargassum mats are widely monitored using medium resolution satellite imagery such as those collected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, 1km) and spectral band difference algorithms such as the Alternative Floating Algae Index (AFAI), but the resulting maps lack the detail and nearshore certainty …
Transforming Social Determinants To Educational Outcomes: Geospatial Considerations, Gary Szirony, S Banerjee, Mccune, Davis
Transforming Social Determinants To Educational Outcomes: Geospatial Considerations, Gary Szirony, S Banerjee, Mccune, Davis
Walden Faculty and Staff Publications
No abstract provided.
Survival Rate, Blood Feeding Habits And Sibling Species Composition Of Aedes Simpsoni Complex: Implications For Arbovirus Transmission Risk In East Africa, Winnie W. Kamau, Rosemary Sang, Edwin O. Ogola, Gilbert Rotich, Caroline Getugi, Sheila B. Agha, Nelson Menza, Baldwyn Torto, David P. Tchouassi
Survival Rate, Blood Feeding Habits And Sibling Species Composition Of Aedes Simpsoni Complex: Implications For Arbovirus Transmission Risk In East Africa, Winnie W. Kamau, Rosemary Sang, Edwin O. Ogola, Gilbert Rotich, Caroline Getugi, Sheila B. Agha, Nelson Menza, Baldwyn Torto, David P. Tchouassi
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Aedes simpsoni complex has a wide distribution in Africa and comprises at least three described sub-species including the yellow fever virus (YFV) vector Ae. bromeliae. To date, the distribution and relative contributions of the sub-species and/or subpopulations including bionomic characteristics in relation to YF transmission dynamics remain poorly studied. In this study conducted in two areas with divergent ecosystems: peri-urban (coastal Rabai) and rural (Rift Valley Kerio Valley) in Kenya, survival rate was estimated by parity in Ae. simpsoni s.l. mosquitoes sampled using CO2-baited BG Sentinel traps. We then applied PCR targeting the nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), region …
Cannabis Consumption Patterns Explain The East-West Gradient In Canadian Neural Tube Defect Incidence: An Ecological Study, Albert Stuart Reece, Gary Kenneth Hulse
Cannabis Consumption Patterns Explain The East-West Gradient In Canadian Neural Tube Defect Incidence: An Ecological Study, Albert Stuart Reece, Gary Kenneth Hulse
Research Datasets
While a known link between prenatal cannabis exposure and anencephaly exists, the relationship of prenatal cannabis exposure with neural tube defects (NTDs) generally has not been defined. Published data from Canada Health and Statistics Canada were used to assess this relationship. Both cannabis use and NTDs were shown to follow an east-west and north-south gradient. Last year cannabis consumption was significantly associated (P < .0001; cannabis use–time interaction P < .0001). These results were confirmed when estimates of termination for anomaly were used. Canada Health population data allowed the calculation of an NTD odds ratio) of 1.27 (95% confidence interval = 1.19-1.37; P < 10−11) for high-risk provinces versus the remainder with an attributable fraction in exposed populations of 16.52% (95% confidence interval = 12.22-20.62). Data show a robust positive statistical association between cannabis consumption as both a qualitative and quantitative variable and NTDs on a background of declining NTD incidence. In the context of multiple mechanistic pathways these strong statistical findings implicate causal mechanisms.
Isolation, Characterization, And Cross-Amplification Of 20 Microsatellite Markers For The Rare Conospermum Undulatum (Proteaceae), Nicola Delnevo, Andrea Piotti, Eddie J. Van Etten, William D. Stock, Margaret Byrne
Isolation, Characterization, And Cross-Amplification Of 20 Microsatellite Markers For The Rare Conospermum Undulatum (Proteaceae), Nicola Delnevo, Andrea Piotti, Eddie J. Van Etten, William D. Stock, Margaret Byrne
Research Datasets
Premise of the study: Recent habitat fragmentation is posing a risk to the wavy-leaved smokebush, Conospermum undulatum, a rare plant species endemic to the south-western Western Australia. Microsatellites markers are required to characterize the genetic diversity and structure of the species for conservation purposes and to facilitate ecological studies. Methods and Results: Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing was used to develop 20 novel microsatellite markers for C. undulatum. Polymorphism at each locus was assessed using 72 individuals from three natural populations. Nineteen markers were polymorphic, with the number of alleles per locus ranging from two to 21, and observed and expected …
Vector Competence Of Aedes Bromeliae And Aedes Vitattus Mosquito Populations From Kenya For Chikungunya Virus, Francis Mulwa, Joel Lutomiah, Edith Chepkorir, Samwel Okello, Fredrick Eyase, Caroline Tigoi, Michael Kahato, Rosemary Sang
Vector Competence Of Aedes Bromeliae And Aedes Vitattus Mosquito Populations From Kenya For Chikungunya Virus, Francis Mulwa, Joel Lutomiah, Edith Chepkorir, Samwel Okello, Fredrick Eyase, Caroline Tigoi, Michael Kahato, Rosemary Sang
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Background: Kenya has experienced outbreaks of chikungunya in the past years with the most recent outbreak occurring in Mandera in the northern region in May 2016 and in Mombasa in the coastal region from November 2017 to February 2018. Despite the outbreaks in Kenya, studies on vector competence have only been conducted on Aedes aegypti. However, the role played by other mosquito species in transmission and maintenance of the virus in endemic areas remains unclear. This study sought to determine the possible role of rural Aedes bromeliae and Aedes vittatus in the transmission of chikungunya virus, focusing on Kilifi and …
The Cotesia Sesamiae Story: Insight Into Host-Range Evolution In A Hymenoptera Parasitoid And Implication For Its Use In Biological Control Programs, L. Kaiser, S. Dupas, A. Branca, E. A. Herniou, C. W. Clarke, C. Capdevielle Dulac, J. Obonyo, R. Benoist, J. Gauthier, P. A. Calatayud, J. F. Silvain, B. P. Le Ru
The Cotesia Sesamiae Story: Insight Into Host-Range Evolution In A Hymenoptera Parasitoid And Implication For Its Use In Biological Control Programs, L. Kaiser, S. Dupas, A. Branca, E. A. Herniou, C. W. Clarke, C. Capdevielle Dulac, J. Obonyo, R. Benoist, J. Gauthier, P. A. Calatayud, J. F. Silvain, B. P. Le Ru
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
This review covers nearly 20 years of studies on the ecology, physiology and genetics of the Hymenoptera Cotesia sesamiae, an African parasitoid of Lepidoptera that reduces populations of common maize borers in East and South Africa. The first part of the review presents studies based on sampling of C. sesamiae from maize crops in Kenya. From this agrosystem including one host plant and three main host borer species, studies revealed two genetically differentiated populations of C. sesamiae species adapted to their local host community, and showed that their differentiation involved the joint evolution of virulence genes and sensory mechanisms of …
Omura’S Whales (Balaenoptera Omurai) Off Northwest Madagascar: Genetics, Coloration, Acoustics And Conservation Needs, Lindsay Alec, Salvatore Cerchio, Boris Androanantenaina, Melinda Rekdahl, Norbert Andrianarivelo, Tahina Rasoloarijao
Omura’S Whales (Balaenoptera Omurai) Off Northwest Madagascar: Genetics, Coloration, Acoustics And Conservation Needs, Lindsay Alec, Salvatore Cerchio, Boris Androanantenaina, Melinda Rekdahl, Norbert Andrianarivelo, Tahina Rasoloarijao
Datasets
The Omura’s whale (Balaenoptera omurai) was described as a new species in 2003 and then later as an ancient lineage basal to a Bryde’s/sei whale clade. Currently known only from whaling and stranding specimens primarily from the western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans, there exist no confirmed field observations or ecological/behavioral data. Here we present the first genetically confirmed documentation of living Omura’s whales, including descriptions of basic ecology and behavior from northwest Madagascar. Species identification was confirmed through molecular phylogenetic analyses of biopsies collected from 23 animals. All individuals shared a single haplotype in a 402bp sequence …
Rebound Hardness Results For Raw Material Located Near Pinnacle Point, South Africa And The Implications Thereof, Christopher M. Shelton
Rebound Hardness Results For Raw Material Located Near Pinnacle Point, South Africa And The Implications Thereof, Christopher M. Shelton
Sociology & Anthropology Theses - Archive
The focus of this study is to test our ability to glean ancient human behavioral ecology data through a specific form of raw material mechanical properties testing. Through the quantitative analysis of raw material in regards to knapping quality (hereafter referred to as knappability), collection processes and choice patterns of a study group can be inferred. More precisely, this study serves to test the viability of the use of the Schmidt hammer as a means of determining knappability, with the area in and around Pinnacle Point (Western Cape, South Africa) as the focus area and silcrete and quartzite as the …
Tree Spatial Structure, Host Composition And Resource Availability Influence Mirid Density Or Black Pod Prevalence In Cacao Agroforests In Cameroon, Cynthia Gidoin, Régis Babin, Leïla Bagny Beilhe, Christian Cilas, Gerben Martijn Ten Hoopen, Marie Ange Ngo Bieng
Tree Spatial Structure, Host Composition And Resource Availability Influence Mirid Density Or Black Pod Prevalence In Cacao Agroforests In Cameroon, Cynthia Gidoin, Régis Babin, Leïla Bagny Beilhe, Christian Cilas, Gerben Martijn Ten Hoopen, Marie Ange Ngo Bieng
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Combining crop plants with other plant species in agro-ecosystems is one way to enhance ecological pest and disease regulation mechanisms. Resource availability and microclimatic variation mechanisms affect processes related to pest and pathogen life cycles. These mechanisms are supported both by empirical research and by epidemiological models, yet their relative importance in a real complex agro-ecosystem is still not known. Our aim was thus to assess the independent effects and the relative importance of different variables related to resource availability and microclimatic variation that explain pest and disease occurrence at the plot scale in real complex agro-ecosystems. The study was …
Effect Of Leaf Type And Pesticide Exposure On Abundance Of Bacterial Taxa In Mosquito Larval Habitats, Ephantus J. Muturi, Benedict O. Orindi, Chang Hyun Kim
Effect Of Leaf Type And Pesticide Exposure On Abundance Of Bacterial Taxa In Mosquito Larval Habitats, Ephantus J. Muturi, Benedict O. Orindi, Chang Hyun Kim
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Lentic freshwater systems including those inhabited by aquatic stages of mosquitoes derive most of their carbon inputs from terrestrial organic matter mainly leaf litter. The leaf litter is colonized by microbial communities that provide the resource base for mosquito larvae. While the microbial biomass associated with different leaf species in container aquatic habitats is well documented, the taxonomic composition of these microbes and their response to common environmental stressors is poorly understood. We used indoor aquatic microcosms to determine the abundances of major taxonomic groups of bacteria in leaf litters from seven plant species and their responses to low concentrations …
Overweight And Obesity: Can We Reconcile Evidence About Supermarkets And Fast Food Retailers For Public Health Policy?, Deborah Viola, Peter S. Arno, Andrew R. Maroko, Clyde B. Schechter, Nancy Sohler, Andrew Rundle, Kathryn M. Neckerman, Juliana Maantay
Overweight And Obesity: Can We Reconcile Evidence About Supermarkets And Fast Food Retailers For Public Health Policy?, Deborah Viola, Peter S. Arno, Andrew R. Maroko, Clyde B. Schechter, Nancy Sohler, Andrew Rundle, Kathryn M. Neckerman, Juliana Maantay
NYMC Faculty Publications
The aim of this study is to determine whether access to fast food outlets and supermarkets is associated with overweight and obesity in New York City neighborhoods. We use a Bayesian ecologic approach for spatial prediction. Consistent with prior research, we find no association between fast food density and overweight or obesity. Consistent with prior research, we find that supermarket access has a salutary impact on overweight and obesity. Given the lack of empirical evidence linking fast food retailers with adverse health outcomes, policymakers should be encouraged to adopt policies that incentivize the establishment of supermarkets and the modification of …
A Longitudinal Study On Anopheles Mosquito Larval Abundance In Distinct Geographical And Environmental Settings In Western Kenya, Susan S. Imbahale, Krijn P. Paaijmans, Wolfgang R. Mukabana, Ron Van Lammeren, Andrew K. Githeko, Willem Takken
A Longitudinal Study On Anopheles Mosquito Larval Abundance In Distinct Geographical And Environmental Settings In Western Kenya, Susan S. Imbahale, Krijn P. Paaijmans, Wolfgang R. Mukabana, Ron Van Lammeren, Andrew K. Githeko, Willem Takken
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Background: As the ecology of mosquito larvae can be complex there is need to develop a rational framework for undertaking larval ecological studies. Local environmental characteristics, such as altitude, climate and land use, can significantly impact on phenology and population dynamics of mosquito larvae, and indirectly affect the dynamics of mosquito-borne diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of implementing an integrated approach to larval source management under the distinct ecological settings. Methods. The study was conducted in two highland villages and one village, at a lower altitude, in the Lake Victoria basin, where malaria is …
Phylogeographic Structure Of Teretrius Nigrescens (Coleoptera: Histeridae) Predator Of The Invasive Post Harvest Pest Prostephanus Truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)., B. A. Omondi, J. Van Den Berg, D. Masiga, F. Schulthess
Phylogeographic Structure Of Teretrius Nigrescens (Coleoptera: Histeridae) Predator Of The Invasive Post Harvest Pest Prostephanus Truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)., B. A. Omondi, J. Van Den Berg, D. Masiga, F. Schulthess
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
The invasive larger grain borer Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) is the most important pest of farm-stored maize in Africa. It was introduced into the continent from Mesoamerica in the late 1970s and by 2008 had spread to at least 18 countries. Classical biological control using two populations of the predator Teretrius nigrescens Lewis achieved long-term and cost effective control in warm-humid areas, but not in cool and hot-dry zones. The present study investigated the phylogenetic relationships between geographical populations of the predator. Ten populations of T. nigrescens were studied using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR), sequence analysis of …
Spatiotemporal Dynamics Of Immature Culicines (Subfamily Culicinae) And Their Larval Habitats In Mwea Rice Scheme, Kenya, Ephantus J. Muturi, Joseph M. Mwangangi, Benjamin G. Jacob, Josephat I. Shililu, Charles M. Mbogo, John I. Githure, Robert J. Novak
Spatiotemporal Dynamics Of Immature Culicines (Subfamily Culicinae) And Their Larval Habitats In Mwea Rice Scheme, Kenya, Ephantus J. Muturi, Joseph M. Mwangangi, Benjamin G. Jacob, Josephat I. Shililu, Charles M. Mbogo, John I. Githure, Robert J. Novak
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
An ecological study was conducted at three study sites in Mwea Rice Scheme, Kenya to identify the diverse aquatic habitats in which culicine mosquitoes thrived and to explore the best strategies for mosquito control in the area. During the 11-month study period, ten habitat categories and 11 culicine species mainly dominated by Culex quinquefasciatus (72.0%) and Culex annulioris (17.9%) were identified from pupae and late instars larval samples. Two of the 11 culicine species, Ficalbia (Mimomyia) plumosa and Uranotaenia spp., have not been reported previously in the study area. Rurumi had more habitat types than either of the other study …
Interspecific Competition Between Diadegma Semiclausum Hellen And Diadegma Mollipla (Holmgren), Parasitoids Of The Diamondback Moth, Plutella Xylostella (L), Feeding On A New Host Plant, A. Rossbach, B. Löhr, S. Vidal
Interspecific Competition Between Diadegma Semiclausum Hellen And Diadegma Mollipla (Holmgren), Parasitoids Of The Diamondback Moth, Plutella Xylostella (L), Feeding On A New Host Plant, A. Rossbach, B. Löhr, S. Vidal
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Interspecific competition between an introduced parasitoid species aimed at controlling a herbivorous pest species and a native parasitoid parasitising the same host may influence the success of classical biological control programmes. In Kenya, interspecific competition between an introduced and a local parasitoid on two diamondback moth populations (DBM, Plutella xylostella) was investigated on two different host plants. We tested simultaneous and delayed competition of the local parasitoid Diadegma mollipla Holmgren and its exotic congenus D. semiclausum Hellen on a newly aquired DBM host plant (snowpea) in the laboratory. Under simultaneous competition, D. mollipla produced more progeny than D. semiclausum on …
Impact Of An Exotic Parasitoid On Plutella Xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Population Dynamics, Damage And Indigenous Natural Enemies In Kenya, B. Löhr, R. Gathu, C. Kariuki, J. Obiero, G. Gichini
Impact Of An Exotic Parasitoid On Plutella Xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) Population Dynamics, Damage And Indigenous Natural Enemies In Kenya, B. Löhr, R. Gathu, C. Kariuki, J. Obiero, G. Gichini
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
Diadegma semiclausum (Hellén) (Hymenoptera: lchneumonidae), an exotic diamondback moth parasitoid, was released in two pilot areas (Werugha in Coast Region and Tharuni in Central Province) in Kenya. Fifteen month before release, observations on the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), and local natural enemy population dynamics and pest damage were initiated in both areas and continued for three years after release. The P. xylostella population was bimodal with higher records during dry seasons. At Werugha, the peak population of P. xylostella was 16.8 per plant (October 2001); at Tharuni it was 12.8 (February 2002). Populations at Werugha declined from three months …
The Effect Of Temperature And Humidity On The Bionomics Of Six African Egg Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), A. Kalyebi, W. A. Overholt, F. Schulthess, J. M. Mueke, S. Sithanantham
The Effect Of Temperature And Humidity On The Bionomics Of Six African Egg Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), A. Kalyebi, W. A. Overholt, F. Schulthess, J. M. Mueke, S. Sithanantham
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
The life table statistics of six native Kenyan species/strains of Trichogramma and Trichogrammatoidea were established using a factitious host Corcyra cephalonica, Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), at eight different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 28, 30, 32 and 35°C) and two humidity levels (40-50 and 70-80%). The objective was to select insects with superior attributes for augmentative release against lepidopteran pests in horticultural crops. Both temperature and humidity affected developmental time and life table parameters of the parasitoids but temperature played a more critical role. Developmental time was inversely related to temperature. The intrinsic and finite rates of increase increased with temperature …
Spatial And Temporal Heterogeneity Of Anopheles Mosquitoes And Plasmodium Falciparum Transmission Along The Kenyan Coast, Charles M. Mbogo, Joseph M. Mwangangi, Joseph G. Nzovu, Weidong Gu, Guiyan Yan, James T. Gunter, Chris Swalm, Joseph Keating, James L. Regens, Josephat I. Shililu, John I. Githure, John C. Beier
Spatial And Temporal Heterogeneity Of Anopheles Mosquitoes And Plasmodium Falciparum Transmission Along The Kenyan Coast, Charles M. Mbogo, Joseph M. Mwangangi, Joseph G. Nzovu, Weidong Gu, Guiyan Yan, James T. Gunter, Chris Swalm, Joseph Keating, James L. Regens, Josephat I. Shililu, John I. Githure, John C. Beier
All Peer-Reviewed Publications
The seasonal dynamics and spatial distributions of Anopheles mosquitoes and Plasmodium falciparum parasites were studied for one year at 30 villages in Malindi, Kilifi, and Kwale Districts along the coast of Kenya. Anopheline mosquitoes were sampled inside houses at each site once every two months and malaria parasite prevalence in local school children was determined at the end of the entomologic survey. A total of 5,476 Anopheles gambiae s.l. and 3,461 An. funestus were collected. Species in the An. gambiae complex, identified by a polymerase chain reaction, included 81.9% An. gambiae s.s., 12.8% An. arabiensis, and 5.3% An. merus. Anopheles …
Malariasphere: A Greenhouse-Enclosed Simulation Of A Natural Anophelesgambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Ecosystem In Western Kenya, Bart G.J. Knols, Basilio N. Njiru, Evan M. Mathenge, Wolfgang R. Mukabana, John C. Beier, Gerry F. Killeen
Malariasphere: A Greenhouse-Enclosed Simulation Of A Natural Anophelesgambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) Ecosystem In Western Kenya, Bart G.J. Knols, Basilio N. Njiru, Evan M. Mathenge, Wolfgang R. Mukabana, John C. Beier, Gerry F. Killeen
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Background: The development and implementation of innovative vector control strategies for malaria control in Africa requires in-depth ecological studies in contained semi-field environments. This particularly applies to the development and release of genetically-engineered vectors that are refractory to Plasmodium infection. Here we describe a modified greenhouse, designed to simulate a natural Anopheles gambiae Giles ecosystem, and the first successful trials to complete the life-cycle of this mosquito vector therein. Methods: We constructed a local house, planted crops and created breeding sites to simulate the natural ecosystem of this vector in a screen-walled greenhouse, exposed to ambient climate conditions, in western …
Ecological And Genetic Separation Of Three Sympatric Species Of Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) From The Kenya Coast, L. P. Lounibos, L. E. Munstermann
Ecological And Genetic Separation Of Three Sympatric Species Of Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) From The Kenya Coast, L. P. Lounibos, L. E. Munstermann
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Aedes ledgeri Huang, A. soleatus Edw. and A. calceatus Edw. of the group of A. aegypti (L.) of the subgenus Stegomyia collected on the coast of Kenya are distinguished on the strength of ecological and genetic (isozyme) data. The preferred oviposition sites of A. ledgeri and A. soleatus were tree holes above ground level, whereas A. calceatus favoured abandoned gastropod shells. A. ledgeri was most abundant in ecotonal habitats and A. soleatus in undisturbed forest At least two diagnostic enzyme loci separated each of the three species pairs. © 1981, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.