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Ethnicity, Religion And Violence In Bosnia-Herzegovina, Jusuf Salih
Ethnicity, Religion And Violence In Bosnia-Herzegovina, Jusuf Salih
Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective
The violence that erupted in the Balkans at the end of the second millennium made fierce enemies of people who had lived together in peace as neighbors, friends, classmates, and married couples. Nationalism, chauvinism, and religious fanaticism quickly grew stronger, leading to the disappearance of centuries-long harmony among its inhabitants. Among the reasons for the conflict were the experienced communist leaders who skillfully used religious slogans to advance their campaigns; also, religious leaders became close associates to political leaders with hopes that they would attain the religious rights denied and limited during the old governance. As a result, nationalism and …
State Weakness In Post-Communist Romania And The Legacy Of Communism, Marian Negoita
State Weakness In Post-Communist Romania And The Legacy Of Communism, Marian Negoita
Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective
This paper examines the, effect of communist regimes on postcommunist state weakness through a detailed case study of the Romanian political system. The central claim is that the totalitarian, NeoStalinist communist Romanian regime was responsible for the postcommunist state weakness. Through such measures as cadre rotation, the "blending" of state and Party structures, and planning, the Romanian state apparatus was transformed into a servile conveyor belt for Nicolae Ceausescu's orders and ensured the hollowing-out of the state. This proved a major factor during the post-communist transformation, paving the way to post-communist patronage networks linking politicians, enterprise managers, and the state.