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Preventing Statelessness Among Migrants And Refugee Children In North Africa: The Case Of Egypt, Maysa Ayoub, Nourhan Tewfik
Preventing Statelessness Among Migrants And Refugee Children In North Africa: The Case Of Egypt, Maysa Ayoub, Nourhan Tewfik
Faculty Journal Articles
Migrants and asylum seekers in Egypt may lack identification papers for a number of reasons. Some have their documents lost or destroyed in the course of the conflict in their home countries, or by smugglers/traffickers during their journey to Egypt. The consequences for lacking identification can be severe and may include the risk of statelessness. Children of migrants also face the risk of statelessness as their parents’ identification documents are a prerequisite for the issuance of their birth certificates. This report is based on the findings of a research project that investigated the identification needs of migrants in Egypt, chiefly …
Refugee Entitlements In Egypt, Amira Hetaba, Claire Mcnally, Elena Habersky
Refugee Entitlements In Egypt, Amira Hetaba, Claire Mcnally, Elena Habersky
Faculty Journal Articles
Situated at the crossroads between Africa, Asia, and Europe, Egypt hosts diverse communities that seek refuge from persecution in their home state (“asylum-seekers”), some of whom are granted refuge (“refugees”), and some of whom ultimately fail to acquire asylum in Egypt (“failed asylum-seekers”). The Egyptian government delegates its power to determine refugee status to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). In 2019, UNHCR stated that there were over 247,000 refugees and asylum-seekers registered in Egypt, from 56 different countries of origin. This does not include the numbers of failed asylum-seekers that are supposed to leave Egypt but nevertheless …
Annex To The Report: Refugee Entitlements In Egypt, Amira Hetaba, Claire Mcnally, Elena Habersky
Annex To The Report: Refugee Entitlements In Egypt, Amira Hetaba, Claire Mcnally, Elena Habersky
Faculty Journal Articles
This Report maps the legal entitlements of asylum-seekers, refugees, and failed asylum seekers in Egypt under international, regional, bilateral, and domestic laws, examines whether such entitlements are in fact accessible, and makes recommendations for possible future directions. This process is not straightforward because the interplay between legal regimes creates bundles of entitlements that differ depending on one’s immigration status and nationality. Even when laws clearly address the entitlements of asylum-seekers, refugees, and failed asylum-seekers, there is often a gap between entitlements on paper and communities’ ability to access these entitlements. This Report adopts a rights-based approach, assessing asylum-seekers’, refugees’, and …
The Impact Of The Syrian Influx On Egyptian Migrant Workers In Jordan, Ayman Zohry, Salma Abou Hussein, Darah Hashem
The Impact Of The Syrian Influx On Egyptian Migrant Workers In Jordan, Ayman Zohry, Salma Abou Hussein, Darah Hashem
Faculty Journal Articles
Over the past forty years, the situation of the Egyptian labor market has not improved and remains to be the principal factor determining labor migration. In the past decade, creation of job opportunities has lagged behind labor force growth, which has led many to resort to migrating. According to the Egyptian Population Census (2017), Saudi Arabia and Jordan are the main countries of destination for Egyptian migrants. This report tackles the current situation of Egyptian labor migration in one of its major Arab destinations, Jordan. The Syrian crisis in 2011 has generated millions of refugees with Jordan being among the …
Egyptian Labour Migration In Jordan, Dina Abdelfattah
Egyptian Labour Migration In Jordan, Dina Abdelfattah
Faculty Journal Articles
Over the past forty years, the situation of the Egyptian labour market has not improved and remains to be the principal factor determining labour migration. In the past decade, creation of job opportunities has lagged behind labour force growth, which has led many to resort to migrating. According to the Egyptian Population Census (2017), the total Egyptian migration amounted to 9.5 million, compared to 4.4 million in 2015 with Saudi Arabia and Jordan being the main countries of destination. This report tackles the current situation of Egyptian labour migration in one of its major Arab destinations, Jordan. The figure announced …
Understanding The Impact Of The Libyan Conflict On Egyptian Migrants, Sara Sadek
Understanding The Impact Of The Libyan Conflict On Egyptian Migrants, Sara Sadek
Faculty Journal Articles
Following Egyptian returnees after the Libyan crisis, this paper looks at how the events in Libya in 2011 and 2014-2015 impacted them and their decision to leave the country. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the conditions of Egyptian returnees, the paper also analyzes migration trajectories of returnees by subsequently looking at a) the push factors in Egypt, b) the pull factors in Libya, c) security and economic hazards behind the return in 2011 and 2014/2015 and d) the long-term implications of the return of Egyptian migrants. It tackles support provided by stakeholders and service providers during and after the …
Labour Market Outcomes And Egypt’S Migration Potential, Mona Amer, Philippe Fargues
Labour Market Outcomes And Egypt’S Migration Potential, Mona Amer, Philippe Fargues
Faculty Journal Articles
Will the radical political changes Egypt has gone through since early 2011 have an impact on emigration from the country? This all depends on young Egyptian adults, who are the potential migrants of tomorrow. In order to understand the consequences of the Egyptian revolution on migration, a questionnaire survey was conducted amongst Egyptian youth in 2013. The objective of this paper is to analyse the Egyptian labour market together with Egyptian migration to see whether changing conditions in the labour market, in particular after the revolution of 25 January 2011, may affect migration. This study is divided into three parts. …
The Arab Spring And Migration In Egypt, One Year On: Impacts, Perceptions And Attitudes, Hend Hafez
The Arab Spring And Migration In Egypt, One Year On: Impacts, Perceptions And Attitudes, Hend Hafez
Faculty Journal Articles
In reviewing migration flows in and out of Egypt after the Arab ‘Spring” and the events leading to the Egyptian Revolution in January 25th, 2011, the initial suspicion and resistance to any information dissemination was noted by the researcher as a definite change in attitude in the country after the revolution. This may be attributed to recent raids on U.S. funded pro-democracy NGO’s among others and accusations of foreign interference in domestic affairs. Along with the volatile political situation in the aftermath of the revolution, distrust runs rampant, as well as a low prioritization with regards to migration issues in …
Remittances To Transit Countries: The Impact On Sudanese Refugee Livelihoods In Cairo, Karen Jacobson, Maysa Ayoub, Alice Johnson
Remittances To Transit Countries: The Impact On Sudanese Refugee Livelihoods In Cairo, Karen Jacobson, Maysa Ayoub, Alice Johnson
Faculty Journal Articles
Transit countries are way stations or stopping points in the journey of migrants and refugees from their countries of origin to their intended destination countries. Many migrants and refugees become ‘stuck’, often for years, unable to either move onward or to return to their home countries. They may be blocked by the inability to gather the funds needed for travel, or by hazardous travel conditions or by immigration policy shifts (such as resettlement policy). This study sought to fill gaps in our knowledge about the livelihoods of refugees in the urban centers of transit countries. ‘Stuck’ migrants engage in a …
Remittances To Transit Countries: The Impact On Sudanese Refugee Livelihoods In Cairo, Karen Jacobsen, Maysa Ayoub, Alice Johnson
Remittances To Transit Countries: The Impact On Sudanese Refugee Livelihoods In Cairo, Karen Jacobsen, Maysa Ayoub, Alice Johnson
Faculty Journal Articles
Transit countries are way stations or stopping points in the journey of migrants and refugees from their countries of origin to their intended destination countries. Many migrants and refugees become ‘stuck’, often for years, unable to either move onward or to return to their home countries. They may be blocked by the inability to gather the funds needed for travel, or by hazardous travel conditions or by immigration policy shifts (such as resettlement policy). This study sought to fill gaps in our knowledge about the livelihoods of refugees in the urban centers of transit countries. ‘Stuck’ migrants engage in a …
The Engagement Of Highly Skilled Egyptian Migrants In Oecd Countries, Iman Dawood
The Engagement Of Highly Skilled Egyptian Migrants In Oecd Countries, Iman Dawood
Faculty Journal Articles
Within the Middle East and North Africa region, Egypt can certainly be considered the number one emigration country in terms of total number of emigrants1 . But even within a larger pool of countries, the developing countries for instance, Egypt still occupies a position within the list of top ten-emigration countries according to the World Bank2 . Egypt is also amongst the top remittance-receiving countries with only thirteen other countries worldwide receiving a higher level of remittances in the year 20103 . While accounts of the actual number of Egyptian migrants vary greatly due to the unavailability of accurate and …
The Engagement Of Highly Skilled Egyptian Migrants In Oecd Countries, Iman Dawood
The Engagement Of Highly Skilled Egyptian Migrants In Oecd Countries, Iman Dawood
Faculty Journal Articles
Within the Middle East and North Africa region, Egypt can certainly be considered the number one emigration country in terms of total number of emigrants. But even within a larger pool of countries, the developing countries for instance, Egypt still occupies a position within the list of top ten-emigration countries according to the World Bank . Egypt is also amongst the top remittance-receiving countries with only thirteen other countries worldwide receiving a higher level of remittances in the year 20103 . While accounts of the actual number of Egyptian migrants vary greatly due to the unavailability of accurate and comprehensive …
Refugees Of The Arab Spring: The Syrian Refugees In Lebanon April 2011-April 2012, Sam Van Vliet, Guita Hourani
Refugees Of The Arab Spring: The Syrian Refugees In Lebanon April 2011-April 2012, Sam Van Vliet, Guita Hourani
Faculty Journal Articles
This review of one year influx of Syrian refugees into Lebanon is meant to reveal the political, communitarian and humanitarian factors that shape the State of Lebanon's policy towards it. The Lebanese government has lately adopted a ‘disassociation’ policy regarding the Syrian conflict with the objective of preventing the spill-over of the conflict and the destabilization of the country. Regional and international powers well understand the reasons for this policy, given Lebanon's geopolitical situation, its history and its 'special ties' with Syria. However, while Lebanon might be able to disassociate itself from the political entanglement of the Syrian crisis, it …
Refugee Resettlement In America: The Iraqi Refugee Experience In Upstate, New York, Christine M. Fandrich
Refugee Resettlement In America: The Iraqi Refugee Experience In Upstate, New York, Christine M. Fandrich
Faculty Journal Articles
This study will document the experiences of Iraqi refugees resettled in a small Upstate, N.Y. city in order to examine resettlement and integration outcomes regarding this population. Research regarding Iraqi refugees and their resettlement before and after the 2003 US-led invasion are few, and therefore this case study will contribute to the literature on Iraqi refugees after resettlement. This study will find that previous theories of integration are inadequate to fully explain the integration of Iraqi refugees as these theories do not take into account: 1) pre-arrival/home related factors; 2) post-arrival/ host related factors; and 3) individual motives and intentions …
Refugee Resettlement In America: The Iraqi Refugee Experience In Upstate, New York, Christine M. Fandrich
Refugee Resettlement In America: The Iraqi Refugee Experience In Upstate, New York, Christine M. Fandrich
Faculty Journal Articles
This study will document the experiences of Iraqi refugees resettled in a small Upstate, N.Y. city in order to examine resettlement and integration outcomes regarding this population. Research regarding Iraqi refugees and their resettlement before and after the 2003 US-led invasion are few, and therefore this case study will contribute to the literature on Iraqi refugees after resettlement. This study will find that previous theories of integration are inadequate to fully explain the integration of Iraqi refugees as these theories do not take into account: 1) pre-arrival/home related factors; 2) post-arrival/host related factors; and 3) individual motives and intentions of …
Migration Trends And Patterns In Jordon: The Human Rights Context, Mohamed Y. Olwan
Migration Trends And Patterns In Jordon: The Human Rights Context, Mohamed Y. Olwan
Faculty Journal Articles
Jordan is a country of both immigration and emigration. It is a destination country for immigrant Arab workers,0F 1 foreign domestic workers, and migrant workers in Jordan's Qualified Zones (QIZs). Jordan has also witnessed considerable forced migration, primarily due to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and other conflicts. The country received Palestinian refugees after the creation of the State of Israel in 1948 and during the 1967 war, which resulted in Israeli occupation of the remaining parts of historical Palestine: the West Bank, from Jordan, and Gaza Strip, from Egypt. Jordan received a wave of Jordanians of Palestinian origin after the Iraqi …
Shared Responsibility In A New Egypt: A Strategy For Refugee Protection, Michael Kagan
Shared Responsibility In A New Egypt: A Strategy For Refugee Protection, Michael Kagan
Faculty Journal Articles
Refugees in Egypt have endured roughly five years of protection crisis. But as the High Commissioner for Refugees recently said, there is today an opportunity for “a new beginning for refugee protection in Egypt.”Taking advantage of this opportunity requires a bold strategy that addresses both the rights of refugees under law and the interests of Egypt as a country. The best way forward is for UNHCR to ask the Government of Egypt to re-negotiate the 1954 Memorandum of Understanding with the stated purpose of implementing Egypt’s obligations under international law, based on the principle of shared responsibility.
Lebanon: A Country Of Emigration And Immigration, Paul Tabar
Lebanon: A Country Of Emigration And Immigration, Paul Tabar
Faculty Journal Articles
Before describing the patterns of migration to and from Lebanon, it is critical to lay out the geographical boundaries of the area which constitutes this paper’s focus. Mount Lebanon refers to a primary source of early emigration that existed between 1870 and 1920. Present day Lebanon, which was founded in 1920 and became independent in 1943, is dealt with later in the paper. Lebanese emigration started in Mount Lebanon, which included the major coastal cities of Jounieh and Byblos – but not Beirut. To the north, Mount Lebanon included neither Tripoli nor Akkar. The Beqaa Valley and South Lebanon (including …
Socioeconomic Rights Of Refugees: The Case Of Palestinian Refugees In Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, And Syria, Asem Khalil
Socioeconomic Rights Of Refugees: The Case Of Palestinian Refugees In Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, And Syria, Asem Khalil
Faculty Journal Articles
This paper is a contribution to discussions on the possible impact of global crises, especially the current financial crisis, on the economic and social rights of Palestinian refugees in host Arab countries. This paper will be limited to discussing the case of Palestinian refugees in Arab states that host the majority of Palestinian refugees (Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria Palestinian refugees constitute a unique case study. ), but recognizes that the impact of such crises reaches beyond refugees, to citizens and other legal and illegal migrants.
Facilitated International Egyptian Labor Migration And Development, Christine Fandrich
Facilitated International Egyptian Labor Migration And Development, Christine Fandrich
Faculty Journal Articles
This paper will analyze the attempts of the Egyptian government to facilitate and manage international Egyptian labor migration for the development of Egypt through its Integrated Migration Information System (IMIS). IMIS hopes to channel human and financial resources resulting from migration to Egypt, and to encourage Egyptians and Egyptian NGOs abroad to invest in Egypt. First, an overview of the IMIS project will be mentioned, followed by a brief summary of the links between migration and development with a specific focus on remittances, brain drain/gain, and diasporas. Third, a review of the literature concerning international Egyptian migrants (EMs) and development …
Iraqis In Egypt A Statistical Survey In 2008, Philippe Fargues, Saeed El-Masry, Sara Sadek, Azza Shaban
Iraqis In Egypt A Statistical Survey In 2008, Philippe Fargues, Saeed El-Masry, Sara Sadek, Azza Shaban
Faculty Journal Articles
Emigration from Iraq has been occurring since the 1970s. The Iran-Iraq War, Gulf War and the subsequent international sanctions placed on the Iraqi regime have all produced waves of emigration. After US occupation of Iraq, however, and particularly since 2005, the country has witnessed unprecedented levels of out-migration. Since the US led war on Iraq in 2003, massive numbers of Iraqis have been displaced from their homes causing the largest influx of refugees into the region. The situation of Iraqi refugees in Syria, Jordan and Lebanon has received the attention of academics. In comparison, the picture of Iraqis in Egypt …
The Decline Of Palestinian Exceptionalism: Observation Of A Trend And Its Consequences For Refugee Studies In The Middle East, Michael Kagan
The Decline Of Palestinian Exceptionalism: Observation Of A Trend And Its Consequences For Refugee Studies In The Middle East, Michael Kagan
Faculty Journal Articles
There has historically been a great divide at the heart of refugee policy and scholarship in the Middle East, between Palestinian refugees and all others. This intellectual and policy divide runs throughout political discourse, governmental and United Nations administration, and civil society activism. It poses a challenge to the coherency of forced migration studies in the Middle East. There is now a significant and growing inter-disciplinary literature about refugees of many nationalities in the region, but the largest and most visible refugee group in the region has been traditionally treated as “a case apart,” to borrow a phrase used recently …
Lebanese Diaspora And Homeland Relations, Guita Hourani
Lebanese Diaspora And Homeland Relations, Guita Hourani
Faculty Journal Articles
Although Lebanese emigrants have always been part of Lebanon’s life, Lebanon has not actually had a specific diaspora policy. This discussion paper will not deal with the migration process, or the motives for migration. It will focus, instead, on some selected aspects of the Lebanese diaspora and homeland relations. It will draw attention to some of the important networks connecting the Lebanese diaspora with Lebanon and will review courses of action undertaken by the Lebanese government to strengthen ties with its diaspora.
Relations Between Palestinian Diaspora (Al-Shatat), Palestinian Communities In The West Bank, And Gaza Strip, Jamil Hilal
Relations Between Palestinian Diaspora (Al-Shatat), Palestinian Communities In The West Bank, And Gaza Strip, Jamil Hilal
Faculty Journal Articles
The following paper addresses the issue concerning relations between the Palestinian diasporas (al-shatat) and Palestinian society in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, within the historical context in which diasporas were formed (ethnic cleansing, military colonial occupation, statelessness, etc). It situates relations between the shatat communities and communities in the West Bank and Gaza Strip within their regional and international socio-economic and power relations. The paper formulates preliminary hypotheseis on the political, economic and cultural impact of relations of the diaspora and immigrant communities on the home society.
Refugees And Migrants From Eritrea To The Arab World: The Cases Of Sudan, Yemen And Saudi Arabia 1991-2007, Hélène Thiollet
Refugees And Migrants From Eritrea To The Arab World: The Cases Of Sudan, Yemen And Saudi Arabia 1991-2007, Hélène Thiollet
Faculty Journal Articles
Since the early 1960s, exiles have been fleeing from Eritrea to neighbouring Sudan, the Arab world, and more recently to the West. The independence war that saw Eritreans rise against the Ethiopian state after the annexation of the former Italian colony in 1962, raged until 1991 and caused massive population displacement. Ongoing violence and poverty created over one million refugees in the 1980s and continuous flows of emigrants until the beginning of the 1990s. Eritrean independence, established in 1993, was expected to put refugees on their way back home. With the outbreak of a new war in 1998 and the …
Iraqi Refugees In Syria, Mohamed Kamel Dorai
Iraqi Refugees In Syria, Mohamed Kamel Dorai
Faculty Journal Articles
Since the beginning of the 20th century, Syria has hosted different refugee groups in large numbers such as Armenians, Palestinians and more recently Lebanese escaping the last war during the summer 2006. Since 2003, Syria hosts a large Iraqi community. It is important to note that despite the reception of different waves of refugees, Syria, like most countries in the region, is neither part of the 1951 Convention nor the 1967 Protocol, and there is no specific memorandum of understanding between UNHCR and the Syrian authorities. Syria is, along with Jordan, one of the main host countries for Iraqis fleeing …
Migration Policies And Challenges In The Kingdom Of Bahrain, Mohammed Dito
Migration Policies And Challenges In The Kingdom Of Bahrain, Mohammed Dito
Faculty Journal Articles
Although small in terms of land area,1 Bahrain has long and rich traditions in terms of human migration throughout its ancient and modern history. Several natural, socio-economic and political factors have contributed toward making Bahrain a destination of regional as well overseas migration. Archeological evidences from the ancient civilization of Dilmun 4000 years ago are witness to dynamic trade relations between Bahrain and its neighboring regions, and human migration was an active force strengthening the role of cultural and economic interactions between the people of the Gulf and other civilizations. In the last century until the mid of the 20th …
Contemporary Migration And Transnational Families: The Case Of Somali Diaspora(S), Mulki Al-Sharmani
Contemporary Migration And Transnational Families: The Case Of Somali Diaspora(S), Mulki Al-Sharmani
Faculty Journal Articles
In this paper, I argue that a central feature of Somali contemporary migration is a transnational way of life, which an increasing number of diasporic Somalis and their families are leading. Transnational families become an important space in which Somalis strategize with their relatives, pool resources, share obligations, and arrange for the movements of individual family members. This kind of transnational way of life becomes a fairly effective mechanism through which diasporic Somalis seek security, protection, opportunities for a better life, and different forms of capital for themselves and their relatives in the homeland and elsewhere. However, living transnationally is …
Refugees From And To Sudan, Munzoul A. M. Assal
Refugees From And To Sudan, Munzoul A. M. Assal
Faculty Journal Articles
This paper attempts to provide an overview of refugees to and from Sudan. It is a preliminary contribution that seeks to highlight the question of refugees coming to Sudan (with focus on Eritrean and Ethiopian refugees), and Sudanese refugees fleeing Sudan to neighbouring countries and further a field. The paper is an overview and is based on the existing knowledge on the subject. It does not represent research findings and aims at initiating debate around the question of refugees. It also seeks to highlight possible future research areas. In addition to the sources consulted, the author also uses his own …
Migration To Kuwait: Trends, Patterns And Policies, Nasra M. Shah
Migration To Kuwait: Trends, Patterns And Policies, Nasra M. Shah
Faculty Journal Articles
This paper outlines the major trends in migration to Kuwait and describes the salient characteristics of the foreign population in comparison with the nationals. It also highlights the past and current policies of the country to manage and regulate migration. The paper is organized as follows. It begins with an overview of the population growth disaggregated by nationality, focusing especially on the growth in trends of Arabs vs. Asians. This section also describes the demographic structure of the population in terms of age, sex, and educational characteristics. The second section looks at the trends in the contribution of non-Kuwaitis to …