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Improving The Efficacy Of Family Planning Policies In Indian, Chinese, Tanzanian Contexts, And Beyond, Jayce O'Shields
Improving The Efficacy Of Family Planning Policies In Indian, Chinese, Tanzanian Contexts, And Beyond, Jayce O'Shields
Student Scholarship
In this paper, I will first present the problem of global overpopulation and the solution of decreasing populations to replacement level fertility using effective family planning and contraceptive policies. I will then describe the Indian state of Kerala as a model cultural context in which fertility rates have significantly declined in recent history and explain how Kerala can provide insight into efficient family planning and contraceptive strategies. Next, I will examine extant state and non-governmental organization (NGO) family planning and contraceptive policies in in India, China, and Tanzania, and in comparison to the Kerala mode, make general recommendations on how …
Proposed Indicators To Measure Adherence To And Effects Of Rights-Based Family Planning: Resource Guide, Kelsey Wright, Karen Hardee
Proposed Indicators To Measure Adherence To And Effects Of Rights-Based Family Planning: Resource Guide, Kelsey Wright, Karen Hardee
Reproductive Health
At the London Summit on Family Planning in 2012, the goal of expanding access to FP programs by 120 million additional women and girls by 2020 was established. This goal calls attention to the need for FP information and services to be delivered in ways that are voluntary and respect human rights. While human rights have been codified and affirmed in declarations, conventions, and treaties, operationalizing rights in FP programs is still in an early stage of development. With the recent emergence of global numeric benchmarks for FP programs, there is the risk that the focus will move away from …
Willingness To Pay For Contraceptive Vaginal Rings In Senegal, Babacar Mane, Fatou Mbow, Deepa Rajamani, Nafissatou Diop, Saumya Ramarao
Willingness To Pay For Contraceptive Vaginal Rings In Senegal, Babacar Mane, Fatou Mbow, Deepa Rajamani, Nafissatou Diop, Saumya Ramarao
Reproductive Health
Contraceptive vaginal rings are an innovative category of products that have not been introduced into any sub-Saharan African country. As a result, there is little experience to guide the introductory pricing for the PVR and the one-year NES/EE CVR when it becomes available. The evidence generated by this consumer willingness to pay, and provider/procurer study has shed light on critical aspects of PVR introduction in Senegal. In general, the results generated here complement and reinforce findings from an acceptability study of the PVR and stakeholder discussions that have been occurring over the past three years. Results confirm that contraceptive vaginal …
Are Parents Talking To Adolescents About Sexuality? Evidence From Four Slums In Ghana, Selina F. Esantsi, Francis Onyango, Gloria Quansah Asare, Emmanuel Kuffour, Placide Tapsoba, Harriet Birungi, Ian Askew
Are Parents Talking To Adolescents About Sexuality? Evidence From Four Slums In Ghana, Selina F. Esantsi, Francis Onyango, Gloria Quansah Asare, Emmanuel Kuffour, Placide Tapsoba, Harriet Birungi, Ian Askew
Reproductive Health
This evidence brief summarizes the essential information from a part of a larger study that assessed the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs of adolescents in four slums in two regions of Ghana. The objective of this brief is to provide evidence to support and facilitate the improvement of parent–adolescent communication on sexuality. This study echoes several other studies by providing evidence that a majority of parents are not opposed to in-school sex education for their children and welcome the idea of empowering themselves (parents) to have productive discussions with their children. Nevertheless, there is a mismatch between the proportion …
Engaging The Missing Link: Evidence From Falah For Involving Men In Family Planning In Pakistan—Meeting Report, Seemin Ashfaq, Farooq Ahmed
Engaging The Missing Link: Evidence From Falah For Involving Men In Family Planning In Pakistan—Meeting Report, Seemin Ashfaq, Farooq Ahmed
Reproductive Health
The Population Council Pakistan, as part of the Evidence Project, synthesized evidence from both national and international sources and developed a set of research documents highlighting the importance of involving men in family planning efforts in Pakistan. This report outlines the findings of these important publications shared at the National Consultative Meeting which was held to provide evidence-based recommendations to major stakeholders who are directly involved in shaping population and health policies and programs. The aim of the meeting was to stimulate thinking and build consensus on a renewed male engagement strategy as part of the Plan of Action to …
Family Planning Policy, Program, And Practice Decisionmaking: The Role Of Research Evidence And Other Factors, Karen Hardee, Kelsey Wright, Joanne Spicehandler
Family Planning Policy, Program, And Practice Decisionmaking: The Role Of Research Evidence And Other Factors, Karen Hardee, Kelsey Wright, Joanne Spicehandler
Reproductive Health
Current attention to increasing access to family planning has increased focus on ensuring that policy, programming, and practice are “evidence-based.” This paper seeks to answer when, what types, and how evidence is used in decision-making related to family planning. Views of what constitutes evidence need to be more aligned: researchers should understand that “evidence-based” does not only mean “research evidence-based” to decision-makers; and decision-makers must understand the value of robust research evidence among other evidence they consider when making decisions. Decision-makers appreciate research but it is only one factor they take into consideration—and may not be the most influential factor …
Delivering Contraceptive Vaginal Rings—Task Sharing In The Delivery Of Family Planning Programs: Experiences From Senegal, Babacar Mane, Nafissatou Diop, Saumya Ramarao
Delivering Contraceptive Vaginal Rings—Task Sharing In The Delivery Of Family Planning Programs: Experiences From Senegal, Babacar Mane, Nafissatou Diop, Saumya Ramarao
Reproductive Health
The Population Council is conducting activities to facilitate the introduction of vaginal rings in sub-Saharan Africa. This report notes that the first ring to be introduced will be the Council’s Progesterone Contraceptive Vaginal Ring (PCVR), which is relevant in contexts where women practice prolonged lactation. The PCVR will also address the high unmet need for family planning (FP), especially for postpartum women. The Council aims to expand the availability and affordability of vaginal rings in Kenya, Nigeria, and Senegal. One of the challenges is the lack of skilled providers. To design plans for involving mid- and lower-level health workers in …
An Innovative Financing Model For The Progesterone Contraceptive Vaginal Ring Through Voucher Programs, Ishita Chattopadhyay, John Townsend, Saumya Ramarao
An Innovative Financing Model For The Progesterone Contraceptive Vaginal Ring Through Voucher Programs, Ishita Chattopadhyay, John Townsend, Saumya Ramarao
Reproductive Health
This technical report introduces the theoretical framework for the demand generation and supply chain mechanisms for an effective reproductive health voucher system. The key roles and functions of an effective voucher system are described. A methodology for implementation of a voucher system for the Population Council’s Progesterone Contraceptive Vaginal Ring (PCVR), also referred to as the PCVR Voucher Based Care (VBC) program, has been designed to introduce the PCVR in the context of choice, equity in price, and range of outlets, ensuring quality of care and consistent availability of services. The model provides a framework and guidelines on how the …
Reducing Maternal And Child Mortality In Balochistan: The Untapped Potential Of Family Planning, Zeba Sathar, Maqsood Sadiq, Seemin Ashfaq
Reducing Maternal And Child Mortality In Balochistan: The Untapped Potential Of Family Planning, Zeba Sathar, Maqsood Sadiq, Seemin Ashfaq
Reproductive Health
Family planning (FP) is recognized as a necessary tool for faster fertility decline leading to accelerated economic development. However, its unique and potent role in preserving mother and child health is less well understood. This brief explains why FP must be prioritized in Balochistan, Pakistan’s health strategy as a key intervention for reducing maternal, infant, and under-five mortality in the province. By fulfilling the existing unmet need for birth spacing and limiting, it is possible to prevent 41 percent of maternal deaths, 35 percent of infant deaths, and 74 percent of young child deaths. FP’s wider health benefits include reduced …
Family Planning Vouchers To Improve Delivery And Uptake Of Contraception In Low And Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review, Benjamin Bellows, Ashish Bajracharya, Carol Bulaya, Sophie Inambwae
Family Planning Vouchers To Improve Delivery And Uptake Of Contraception In Low And Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review, Benjamin Bellows, Ashish Bajracharya, Carol Bulaya, Sophie Inambwae
Reproductive Health
Family planning vouchers have provided accessible and quality reproductive health services to the poor and have been critical to countries in making progress in achieving Millennium Development Goal 5. Increased utilization of contraception allows for birth spacing, decreases unintended pregnancy, and results in healthier mothers and families. Strategies to improve utilization through targeted subsidies in low- and middle income countries (LMICs) have not been fully documented in a systematic review of the literature. This study report summarizes the effect of voucher systems for contraceptive services on socioeconomic and demographic indicators in LMICs. A systematic review of unpublished reports and published …
Expanding The Role Of Research Evidence In Family Planning Policy, Program, And Practice Decisionmaking, Karen Hardee, Kelsey Wright
Expanding The Role Of Research Evidence In Family Planning Policy, Program, And Practice Decisionmaking, Karen Hardee, Kelsey Wright
Reproductive Health
This working paper focuses on the emerging knowledge translation literature to provide lessons learned on ways to increase the role that evidence plays in decision-making for family planning and reproductive health policies, programs, and practices. It is part of a larger synthesis of the literature that explores what “evidence” means, what types of evidence policymakers, program managers, and implementers seek when facing implementation decisions, and how evidence relates to other factors that influence decision-making. This paper and the larger synthesis are based on a literature search whose objective was to locate references on evidence-based policy in health or social science, …
Rights-Based Family Planning: 10 Resources To Guide Programming, Jan Kumar, Karen Hardee
Rights-Based Family Planning: 10 Resources To Guide Programming, Jan Kumar, Karen Hardee
Reproductive Health
The FP2020 goal of providing FP services to 120 million more women and girls that emerged from the 2012 London Summit on Family Planning refocused attention on the need to ensure that FP programs respect, protect, and fulfill human rights. The current challenge is how to operationalize human rights in existing FP programs and new projects. This resource guide reviews ten key resources available to guide programming—FP2020: Rights and Empowerment Principles for Family Planning; Ensuring Human Rights in the Provision of Contraceptive Information and Services, Ensuring Human Rights Within Contraceptive Service Delivery: Implementation Guide; Voluntary Family Planning Programs that Respect, …
Progesterone Vaginal Ring: A Call-To-Action To Fill Critical Gaps In Post-Partum Family Planning, Population Council
Progesterone Vaginal Ring: A Call-To-Action To Fill Critical Gaps In Post-Partum Family Planning, Population Council
Reproductive Health
The progesterone vaginal ring (PVR) is a safe and effective method of contraception for lactating women. It is a priority medicine on the WHO’s Essential Medicines List and is included in the Medical Eligibility Criteria for family planning providers. Developed by the Population Council, the PVR is an intravaginal ring that provides women who breastfeed at least four times a day with a contraceptive option as early as four weeks after giving birth. The PVR provides a new option to reduce unmet need among new mothers, allow women to safely space their pregnancies, and improve the health of women and …
Progesterone Vaginal Ring: Results Of An Acceptability Study In Kenya, Francis Obare, Wilson Liambila, Chi-Chi Undie, Harriet Birungi, Shiphrah Kuria, Heather Clark, Deepa Rajamani, Saumya Ramarao
Progesterone Vaginal Ring: Results Of An Acceptability Study In Kenya, Francis Obare, Wilson Liambila, Chi-Chi Undie, Harriet Birungi, Shiphrah Kuria, Heather Clark, Deepa Rajamani, Saumya Ramarao
Reproductive Health
The progesterone vaginal ring (PVR) is used to extend the contraceptive effectiveness of lactational amenorrhea among breastfeeding women. Previous studies have shown that contraceptive vaginal rings are safe, effective, and well accepted in varied cultural settings. However, the extent to which the ring is acceptable in the sub-Saharan African context is unknown. This study examined the acceptability of the PVR in Kenya as part of a larger project that was also conducted in Nigeria and Senegal. The specific objectives of the study were to assess the factors influencing the acceptability of the method among clients, their spouses, providers, community members, …
Progesterone Vaginal Ring: Prevents Pregnancy, Population Council
Progesterone Vaginal Ring: Prevents Pregnancy, Population Council
Reproductive Health
This fact sheet provides information about how the progesterone vaginal contraceptive ring works to prevent pregnancy. The progesterone vaginal ring (PVR) offers a novel way of delivering safe and effective contraceptives for lactating women. When used by such women it prevents pregnancy by inhibiting follicular growth, hence preventing ovulation; reinforcing the inhibitory effect of breastfeeding on ovulation; extending postpartum amenorrhea; and thickening the cervical mucus, thus inhibiting sperm from meeting the egg. The PVR expands the range of contraceptives available to lactating women and has the potential to contribute to improving maternal and infant health.
L’Anneau Vaginal À Progestérone: Résultats De L’Étude D’Acceptabilité Au Sénégal, Babacar Mane, Papa Chimere Diaw, Nafissatou Diop, Fatou Mbow, Heather Clark, Saumya Ramarao, Deepa Rajamani
L’Anneau Vaginal À Progestérone: Résultats De L’Étude D’Acceptabilité Au Sénégal, Babacar Mane, Papa Chimere Diaw, Nafissatou Diop, Fatou Mbow, Heather Clark, Saumya Ramarao, Deepa Rajamani
Reproductive Health
Le Gouvernement du Sénégal s’est engagé dans une politique volontariste de repositionnement de la planification familiale à travers l’adoption d’un Plan d’Action National de Planification Familiale. Pour mieux adresser les besoins de contraception des femmes et réduire les taux d’abandon, le Population Council a initié le développement d’une gamme d’anneaux vaginaux; le premier produit développé était l’anneau vaginal à progestérone ou AVP, conçu pour les femmes qui allaitent en vue de prolonger la période d’aménorrhée lactationnelle et ainsi promouvoir l’espacement des naissances. Avec l’appui de la Fondation Bill & Melinda Gates, le Population Council a entrepris des activités de pré-introduction …
Marie Stopes International's Sifpo Project—Strengthening International Family Planning Organizations, October 2010–September 2015, Population Council
Marie Stopes International's Sifpo Project—Strengthening International Family Planning Organizations, October 2010–September 2015, Population Council
Reproductive Health
The Population Council was a partner in the Strengthening International Family Planning Organizations (SIFPO) project implemented by Marie Stopes International. SIFPO’s mandate was to increase use of voluntary family planning (FP) services globally by strengthening selected international FP organizations with global reach and an extensive, multicountry network of FP clinics for achieving maximum program impact and synergies. This report outlines the Council’s role within the project: evaluate effectiveness of MSI’s FP programs to identify successful best practices and approaches; assist MSI to disseminate the findings of some or all evaluations; strengthen MSI’s internal research and metrics capacity with thematic workshops …
Union Health And Family Welfare Centers In Chittagong And Munshiganj: Are They Ready To Provide 24-Hour Normal Delivery Services?, Md. Noorunnabi Talukder, Ubaidur Rob, A.K.M. Zafar Ullah Khan, Forhana Rahman Noor, Shongkour Roy, Afsana Fatema Noor
Union Health And Family Welfare Centers In Chittagong And Munshiganj: Are They Ready To Provide 24-Hour Normal Delivery Services?, Md. Noorunnabi Talukder, Ubaidur Rob, A.K.M. Zafar Ullah Khan, Forhana Rahman Noor, Shongkour Roy, Afsana Fatema Noor
Reproductive Health
To date, the Directorate General of Family Planning (DGFP) of Bangladesh’s Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has established approximately 3,900 Union Health and Family Welfare Centers (UHFWCs) in rural areas providing: family planning; menstrual regulation; vaccinations; and general, reproductive, and maternal health services six days a week. About 1,500 UHFWCs have been upgraded with the necessary staff and equipment to provide normal delivery services round-the-clock in rural areas. Yet, Family Welfare Visitors (FWVs) posted at UHFWCs perform only 0.3 percent of deliveries. This means that UHFWCs and FWVs are not optimally utilized to increase the rate of institutional deliveries. …
Social Accountability For Family Planning: A Case Study Of The Healthy Action Project In Uganda, The Evidence Project
Social Accountability For Family Planning: A Case Study Of The Healthy Action Project In Uganda, The Evidence Project
Reproductive Health
In July 2014, the Evidence Project gathered 26 experts for a two-day meeting on Strengthening the Evidence Base on Social Accountability for Improving Family Planning and Reproductive Health Programs. Participants included social accountability experts from diverse fields (governance, maternal health, family planning) as well as researchers, implementers, and activists. The meeting was one of the first public discussions that addressed social accountability in the context of family planning and reproductive health (FP/RH). Meeting participants agreed on the need for case studies of FP/RH initiatives to identify “good practices” in order to advance the application of social accountability to the FP/RH …
Offering Progesterone Contraceptive Vaginal Rings For Postpartum Women Through Integrated Family Planning And Immunization Services, Ishita Chattopadhyay, John Townsend, Saumya Ramarao
Offering Progesterone Contraceptive Vaginal Rings For Postpartum Women Through Integrated Family Planning And Immunization Services, Ishita Chattopadhyay, John Townsend, Saumya Ramarao
Reproductive Health
This technical report describes a model for providing the Population Council’s Progesterone Contraceptive Vaginal Ring (PCVR) through integrated FP/Immunization (FP/I) services, the core components of the model, the types of inputs required, and the steps for introduction and scale-up. It describes how the PCVR can be offered to breastfeeding women in the first year following childbirth. A methodology for implementation of the PCVR-Family Planning/Immunization model (also referred to as PCVR-FP/I) has been designed to introduce the PCVR in the context of accessibility, choice, equity, and, quality. A proposed structure to introduce and integrate the PCVR has been outlined and described …
Prospects For Economic Growth In Sindh Under Alternative Demographic Scenarios: The Case For A Rapid Fertility Decline, David E. Bloom, Zeba Sathar, Maqsood Sadiq
Prospects For Economic Growth In Sindh Under Alternative Demographic Scenarios: The Case For A Rapid Fertility Decline, David E. Bloom, Zeba Sathar, Maqsood Sadiq
Reproductive Health
Sindh is currently undergoing a demographic transition from high fertility and high mortality to lower fertility and mortality. The resulting bulge in its working-age population means the province is poised to reap a “demographic dividend.” By 2050, Sindh’s per capita income will be 191 percent higher than today’s levels if there is no decline in fertility, but 426 percent higher if fertility declines rapidly. The scale and effectiveness of efforts to reduce fertility levels in Sindh will determine whether per capita income in the province grows by 328 percent or 426 percent by 2050. The possible demographic dividend of a …
Anneau Vaginal À La Progesterone: Appel A L'Action Pour Combler Les Ecarts Importants Dans La Planification Familiale Postnatal, Population Council
Anneau Vaginal À La Progesterone: Appel A L'Action Pour Combler Les Ecarts Importants Dans La Planification Familiale Postnatal, Population Council
Reproductive Health
L’anneau vaginal à la progestérone (AVP) est une méthode efficace et sûre de contraception pour les femmes qui allaitent. C’est une médecine prioritaire de la liste des produits médicaux essentiels de l’OMS et elle est inclue parmi les critères médicaux éligibles pour les personnels de la planification familiale. Développé par le Population Council, l’AVP est un anneau intra-vaginal qui donne une option contraceptive aux femmes qui allaitent au moins quatre fois par jour dès la quatrième semaine après l’accouchement. L’AVP apporte une nouvelle option pour réduire les besoins non-satisfaits des nouvelles mères, permet aux femmes d’espacer leurs grossesses sans problème, …
Understanding Factors Influencing Adverse Sex Ratios At Birth In Bangladesh, Md. Noorunnabi Talukder, Ubaidur Rob, Md. Irfan Hossain, Forhana Rahman Noor
Understanding Factors Influencing Adverse Sex Ratios At Birth In Bangladesh, Md. Noorunnabi Talukder, Ubaidur Rob, Md. Irfan Hossain, Forhana Rahman Noor
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Nationally, the sex ratio at birth has persisted at its natural level of 105 male per 100 female newborns for the past half century in Bangladesh. However, at the regional level, Bangladesh is characterized by an east-west divide in sex ratios at birth. While the western region shows normal sex ratios at birth, the eastern region displays distorted sex ratios. To understand the factors that contribute to regional variations, a household survey was conducted among married women aged 18–49 years who had at least two living children. Views of health-care providers on gender-biased sex selection and of program implementers on …
Addressing Gender-Biased Sex Selection In Haryana, India: Promising Approaches, Shireen J. Jejeebhoy, Rajib Acharya, Sharmistha Basu, A.J. Francis Zavier
Addressing Gender-Biased Sex Selection In Haryana, India: Promising Approaches, Shireen J. Jejeebhoy, Rajib Acharya, Sharmistha Basu, A.J. Francis Zavier
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Persistently adverse sex ratios remain a challenge in India despite the enforcement of the PCPNDT (Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques) Act in 1994. Nevertheless, over the decade 2001–2011, positive shifts from very adverse to less adverse levels have occurred in a few states. Two districts in Haryana state—Kurukshetra and Sonipat—whose sex ratios displayed some and no improvement, respectively, are compared in an attempt to find promising programme directions to counter gender-biased sex selection. Comparisons are drawn from the attitudes and experiences of surveyed women and interviews with service providers and programme implementers, about sex-selection technology. Also addressed are differences in …
Unveiling The Consensus: Putting People First In Pakistan's Development Agenda, Government Of Pakistan, Unfpa, Population Council
Unveiling The Consensus: Putting People First In Pakistan's Development Agenda, Government Of Pakistan, Unfpa, Population Council
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
This document contains the consensus from the Population Summit held in Islamabad, Pakistan, November 5–6, 2015. To date, an enduring commitment to a sound and adequate population welfare program has eluded Pakistan, leaving millions of couples who want to wait before having their next child or who consider that they have enough children, without good access to family planning. However, in the wake of devolution, in part through efforts of donors and civil society for awareness building, advocacy, and dialogue, opinion among all major stakeholders is coalescing around the need to address Pakistan’s alarming maternal and child health indicators through …
Family Planning Through The Lens Of Men: Readiness, Preferences, And Challenges, Iram Kamran, Zeba Tasneem, Tahira Parveen, Rehan M. Niazi
Family Planning Through The Lens Of Men: Readiness, Preferences, And Challenges, Iram Kamran, Zeba Tasneem, Tahira Parveen, Rehan M. Niazi
Reproductive Health
Family planning (FP) is urgently needed in Pakistan but progress remains slow. In its 2002 Population Policy, the country pledged to reduce its total fertility rate to 2.2 by 2020; at the London Summit in 2012, it committed to increase the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) to 55 percent by the same year. Despite important achievements, Pakistan’s current CPR is only 35 percent, the total fertility rate is 3.8, and 20 percent of married couples of reproductive age express unmet need for FP. FP programming has largely been directed at women, and husbands have been regarded, at best, as interested bystanders. …
The Raise Health Initiative For Workers, Companies, And Communities, The Evidence Project
The Raise Health Initiative For Workers, Companies, And Communities, The Evidence Project
Reproductive Health
RAISE Health is an initiative to improve the health of factory and farm workers (women and men) in developing countries through changes in global and corporate policies and workplace practices. Effective management of workplace health is good for companies and workers alike, resulting in better health and morale, better labor-management relations, empowerment of women, and better use of company health investments. Worker health is typically one of the most neglected areas in business operations. As this activity brief notes, RAISE Health is a major activity of the USAID-funded Evidence Project. The goal of the initiative is to utilize the existing …
The Availability And Quality Of Family Planning Services Across Eight Districts In Pakistan: The Potential And The Constraints, Gul Rashida, Iram Kamran, Khan Muhammad, Rehan M. Niazi, Tahira Parveen
The Availability And Quality Of Family Planning Services Across Eight Districts In Pakistan: The Potential And The Constraints, Gul Rashida, Iram Kamran, Khan Muhammad, Rehan M. Niazi, Tahira Parveen
Reproductive Health
This report forms part of a multipronged investigation to determine why, despite evident unmet need for family planning, contraceptive prevalence especially for modern methods remains so low in Pakistan. The research, conducted by the Population Council with the support of the Research and Advocacy Fund, consists of four component studies: 1) review of relevant academic, program, and policy literature; 2) a qualitative study of perspectives of men, women, and service providers in the country on family planning; 3) a situation analysis of contraceptive quality, supply, and access factors at health facilities; and 4) an examination of supply issues affecting the …
Engaging The Missing Link: Evidence From Falah For Involving Men In Family Planning In Pakistan—Case Study, Seemin Ashfaq, Maqsood Sadiq
Engaging The Missing Link: Evidence From Falah For Involving Men In Family Planning In Pakistan—Case Study, Seemin Ashfaq, Maqsood Sadiq
Reproductive Health
This report describes FALAH’s experience of engaging men in its target communities, which bears out the finding of recent studies that Pakistani men are ready, indeed eager, to be involved directly in family planning. Implementation of the FALAH approach to male engagement in 20 districts across Pakistan’s four provinces shows that male engagement can be implemented on a large scale and that it can be synchronized with interventions that target women together with men, as is the case with interactive theatre, or separately, as with the male and female falahi workers. The findings from this case study are relevant for …
Delivering Contraceptive Vaginal Rings—Task Shifting And Task Sharing In The Delivery Of Family Planning Services: Experiences From Kenya, Wilson Liambila, Saumya Ramarao, Heather Clark
Delivering Contraceptive Vaginal Rings—Task Shifting And Task Sharing In The Delivery Of Family Planning Services: Experiences From Kenya, Wilson Liambila, Saumya Ramarao, Heather Clark
Reproductive Health
This report describes the task-shifting and task-sharing policies and experiences relevant to the provision of family planning (FP) services in Kenya and the potential place for contraceptive vaginal rings. The feasibility, effectiveness, and acceptability of mid- and lower-level providers in the provision of FP services is documented. The report highlights how the provision of integrated RH/FP/HIV services could be delivered by various levels in the national health care system through task-sharing. Opportunities for facilitating delivery of the Population Council’s Progesterone Contraceptive Vaginal Ring (PCVR) within the national health care system in Kenya are also described. Kenya has in place policies …