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Assessing Awareness And Use Of Artificial Intelligence Tools Among Library Personnel In Public And Private Institutions In Ekiti State, Nigeria, Thomas Aanu Ojo

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Artificial Intelligence is a technology integrated into libraries as a tool to help eliminate tedious and repetitive tasks. However, its awareness and use in libraries are still in the early stages. Therefore, this study investigated the awareness and use of AI tools among library personnel in public and private institutions in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study population comprised 107 library personnel in Ekiti State. The questionnaire was used to elicit data. Descriptive statistics of frequency count, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that the level of awareness of AI tools among library …

An Assessment Of Record-Keeping Practices And Their Role In Effective Administration In Primary And Secondary Schools In Chibombo District, Zambia., Kadeyo Mutale Kuyela Dr, Maureen Nzala Haambiya Mrs, Sututu Imasiku Ms, Glenda Ntalasha Mrs, Dalitso Mvula Mr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study assessed record-keeping practices and their role in effective administration in primary and secondary schools in Chibombo District, Zambia, guided by four objectives: identifying types of records, assessing their role in administrative efficiency, recognising challenges in record management, and exploring strategies for improvement. The study employed a qualitative case study approach, and the target population involved headteachers, senior teachers, and class teachers, and the sample size had 30 participants to ensure diverse insights. Data collection was done using an interview guide for effective responses, with thematic content analysis applied to the qualitative data to identify key themes and subthemes. …

Cso’S Strategic Approaches For Improvement Of Health Services: A Case Of Ccbrt Hospital Dar Es Salaam Region, Tanzania, Andrew Abia Mushi, Emelda Kivumbi Lwena

BISNIS & BIROKRASI: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi dan Organisasi

Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) play an increasingly important role in complementing government efforts to improve access to and quality of health services, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. However, limited empirical attention has been given to the strategic approaches through which CSOs contribute to health service improvement in Tanzania. This study explored the strategic approaches employed by the Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania (CCBRT) to improve health services in Tanzania. The study adopted a qualitative approach and a descriptive research design. Twenty respondents were purposively and conveniently selected from a study population of 100 participants. Data were collected through …

Mathematical Modelling For Optimizing Predator–Prey Networks In A Resilient Wildlife Ecosystem: A Systematic Literature Review, Thadei Damas Sagamiko

Tanzania Journal of Science

The resilience of wildlife networks hinges on the adaptability and stability of complex predator-prey interactions. Mathematical modelling offers a crucial approach for examining and optimizing these dynamics under biological invasions and environmental pressures. This systematic literature review (SLR) employs a bibliometric analysis approach to synthesize global research on mathematical models applied to predator-prey network optimization, with an emphasis on their ecological implications, computational approaches, and modelling strategies. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), 50 peer- reviewed studies (2000–2025) were analyzed using the Scopus and Google Scholar databases. The study identifies classical models, such as the …

The Influence Of Managerial Attitudes And Dynamic Capabilities On E-Marketing Adoption Among Small And Medium Tourism Enterprises, Hilal Maabad Ame, Omari Khalifa Mbura, Amani Gration Tegambwage

Arab Economic and Business Journal

This study examines how managerial attitudes and dynamic capabilities shape e-marketing adoption among Small and Medium Tourism Enterprises (SMTEs) in Zanzibar, using PLS-SEM on survey data from 216 SMTEs in the Urban-West and South Regions. Drawing on the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour and Dynamic Capabilities Theory, the study finds that perceived ease of use and perceived security significantly increase adoption, while perceived usefulness and compatibility significantly decrease it suggesting that recognising a technology's value is insufficient without the operational capacity to act on it. Supporting this, dynamic capabilities significantly strengthen the usefulness–adoption and compatibility–adoption relationships, but show no moderating …

Rethinking Women, Peace And Security In Southern Africa: Patriarchy, Policies, And Perspectives, Kgomotso Komane

The Journal of Social Encounters

Southern Africa is a relatively peaceful region, however, it has witnessed a range of diverse, multiple and ongoing conflicts that have prompted various peace interventions from the Southern African Development Community (SADC), neighbouring countries and international actors. An astounding pattern is revealed when observing the involvements of all the actors in the peace interventions. What is revealed is that, till present day, women remain marginalised in peace processes despite existing structures and policies that reaffirm their rightful participation in these processes. Rethinking women’s role in peace and security is necessary because existing approaches to peace are shaped by patriarchal norms. …

Lessons From Tanzania’S Ujamaa For Smart Settlements In Nepal: Social Justice And Economic Development, Keshav Bhattarai, Ambika P. Adhikari

Himalayan Research Papers Archive

Nepal’s constitutional commitment to a “socialism-oriented” state places social justice, equitable access to resources and housing, and protection of marginalized populations at the center of national development discourse. However, persistent landlessness, informal settlements, unemployment, youth outmigration, and unequal access to infrastructure reveal a significant gap between constitutional aspirations and socioeconomic realities.

This article examines lessons Nepal can draw from Tanzania’s experience with Ujamaa, the African socialist development model initiated by President Nyerere in 1967. Using comparative policy analysis, published research, official documents, and exploratory field observations from selected Tanzanian locations, including the capital and villages in the Iringa Region, the …

Front Matter Volume 2 No. 2, Editors Note

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

This is yet another issue of the Zamani journal which takes on varied debates and discussions of historical importance through the contributions to the issue. As we embark on volume three of the new journal’s series, this volume carries six articles, varied in scope but interesting in terms of contribution and relevance to historical synthesis. As editors, we hope that the articles contained here will be of interest to a wider audience of not only historians but also of allied disciplines, practitioners and the general readership. As we publish this volume, we also note the advantage of expanding the scope …

Crises In The Nigerian Defence Sector In The Post-Civil War Period, Hussaini Jibrin

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

History has it that post-war period in any country in the world appeared to be with many challenges of re-planning the defence system. It involves the reconstruction of pre-war institutions that are destroyed during the war for onward growth and development. Contrary to this tradition, this article explores that, in 1970 while Nigerians were celebrating about the end of the Nigerian civil war, fresh crises emerged in the country’s defence sector. Thus, General Yakubu Gowon’s government redirected its focus on addressing the crises. The crises are numerous, however, this article dwells on four only. These are demobilization exercise in the …

Performance Of Buffer Zones In Tanzania: A Case Of Maswa Game Reserve, 1950s-2010s, James Benedict Kuboja

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

National parks as core protected areas are universally regarded as the most important wildlife conservancies as they are protecting pristine nature or untouched wilderness. For this reason, global conservationists, with the assistance of colonial governments, introduced buffer zones in a bid to protect important protected areas from poaching and habitat destruction. Despite the promulgation of these buffer zones from the 1950s, scholars have not exhaustively evaluated their effectiveness in the conservation of wildlife resources within core protected areas and wildlife ecosystems at large. Using the case of Maswa Game Reserve in the Serengeti Mara Ecosystem, this article argues that internal …

Historicising Nyerere’S Presidency In The Nyakyusa Mythical Narratives, Ignas Fedeo

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

Julius K Nyerere, the founding President of Tanzania, held office from 1962 to 1985. Much has been written about Nyerere's presidency, with the literature generally falling into two categories: strong advocacy for his decisions, actions, and ideas, and pointed criticism against him. Using narrative and new historicism theories, this article examines the recreation of the history of Nyerere’s presidency in local narratives, specifically Nyakyusa myths. The myths were collected using the oral history interviews from Kyela and Busokelo districts in Tanzania. The Nyakyusa believe that Nyerere was endowed with immense mystical powers, some of which embedded in his stick and …

Śaṅkha-Dvīpa And The Swahili Littoral: Reconstructing India–East Africa Contacts Before The Common Era, Narendra Vijayasimha

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

This article is the first focused attempt to explore India–East Africa relationships in the Bronze Age and early Iron Age, approximately two to three millennia before the Common Era (3000–300 BCE) from a puranic perspective. While extensive scholarship exists on medieval and later Indo–African exchanges, the pre-Common Era period has remained underexplored. Drawing on Purāṇic cosmographies, Greco-Roman geographical accounts, African archaeology, and Indian Ocean trade studies, this research reconstructs possible networks of contact facilitated by monsoon navigation and long-distance exchange. Methodologically, the article integrates textual exegesis, comparative cosmography, and archaeological correlation. The findings suggest that Indian conceptions of Śaṅkha-dvīpa reflect …

Labour Migrancy And Ethnic Stereotypes: Experiences From Mufindi Tea Plantation, Ca. 1920s To 2000s, Hezron R. Kangalawe

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

While tea plantations brought good fortunes to some parts of Southern Highlands in Tanzania such as Mufindi and Rungwe during the British mandate, its production sites became centres of ethnic contestations in relation to work discipline. The colonial and post-colonial enterprises labelled some ethnic groups as “reliable labourers” and others “unreliable”. This article, uses the tea plantations in Mufindi district, Iringa, to debate the labour question and ethnic identity in tea plantations between 1920s and 2000s. It argues that tea plantations were practical point of colonial stereotyping whose architects were anthropologists. Interviews in Mufindi tea plantations and factories, archival and …

Collaboration In The Spread Of Missionary Christianity In Africa: The Case Of The Apostolic Church Of Nigeria, Caleb Abiodun Adeleye, Oluwasegun Peter Aluko

Zamani: A Journal of African Historical Studies

This article explores the significance of collaboration in the spread of missionary Christianity in Africa through a historical study of The Apostolic Church of Nigeria (TACN). It examines how the partnership between British missionaries and Nigerian leaders produced a hybrid mission model that combined Western ecclesiastical structure with African spirituality. Drawing on historical records, church documents, and existing scholarship, the article adopts a narrative–analytical method to trace how figures such as Pastors George Perfect, Idris J Vaughan and DO Odubanjo negotiated issues of theology, finance and cultural identity. The study finds that collaboration initially fostered institutional growth and doctrinal development …

Out-Of-Pocket Health Spending And Household Impoverishment In Tanzania Using The 2020/21 National Panel Survey, John Geofrey Massito Dr, Hinju John Gabriel Dr

Tanzanian Economic Review

Out-of-pocket health spending (OOPHS) can convert healthcare needs into financial hardship, particularly where risk-pooling mechanisms are limited. Evidence on its direct contribution to household impoverishment in Tanzania remains limited. This study estimates the impoverishing effect of OOPHS and examines the factors associated with household exposure to healthcare payments. We analysed nationally representative data from the 2020/21 Tanzania National Panel Survey. Household welfare was assessed before and after OOPHS using the Foster–Greer–Thorbecke poverty framework. Changes in the poverty headcount, poverty gap and poverty severinty were used to identify poverty entry and poverty deepening. Determinants of OOPHS were estimated using a two-part …

Relative Effectiveness Of Exchange Rate Targeting, Monetary Targeting And Inflation Targeting Frameworks In Sub-Saharan Africa, Joyce Gervas, John Mtui Dr, Jehovaness Aikaeli

Tanzanian Economic Review

In recent years, many central banks around the world have shifted from frameworks such as monetary targeting and exchange rate targeting to inflation targeting to achieve price stability and enhance central bank credibility. The same pattern has been observed in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where the number of inflation-targeting countries has increased from 1 in 2000 to 5 in 2022, as countries continue to exit other frameworks, especially the monetary targeting regime. However, there is an ongoing debate in SSA regarding which monetary policy framework is most effective in achieving macroeconomic stability and promoting long-term growth. Following that, this study investigated …

Development Finance Flows Under Monetary Policy Tightening: The Nigerian Experience 1981-2023, Hilary Temofeh Kanwanye Ph.D

Tanzanian Economic Review

This paper investigates the impact of monetary policy tightening on external development finance flows in Nigeria, focusing on foreign direct investment (FDI), official development assistance (ODA), and remittances over 1981–2023. Using the ARDL bounds testing approach, the study examines short-run and long-run dynamics between monetary policy instruments (monetary policy rate, cash reserve ratio, liquidity ratio, and broad money supply) and development finance inflows, controlling for inflation and GDP growth. Results reveal striking asymmetries. FDI is sensitive to liquidity constraints, with the cash reserve ratio exerting a weak negative effect, while money supply expansion enhances investor confidence. ODA responds positively to …

Exploring Tourism Business Voices In Navigating Pandemic Crisis And Resilience-Building, Godwin Adiel A. Lema

Tanzanian Economic Review

COVID-19 challenged mobility, redefining crisis navigation and resilience. A modified Challenge Metamorphosis Model (CMM) is proposed to understand crisis navigating process in tourism business resilience-building. A pragmatic mixed-method design, involving 158 tourism-business respondents, multiple regions, interviews, and observation during June–November 2020, was applied. Impacts, challenges, opportunities, varied business responses and outcomes were mirrored. Immediate reactive closure and booking cancellation responses were distinguished from proactive adaptive business continuity measures with low visitors, postponement, few bookings and negotiable employment flexibility. Health, safety, and culturally embedded coping practices and their reinvention aided crisis navigation. Medium-term crisis navigating strategies were differentiated from long-term resilience-building …

The Effects Of Household Shocks On Women’S Self-Reported Health In Tanzania, Yoeni Silas Kaniki, Wilhelm Michael Ngasamiaku, Innocent Muganyizi Pantaleo

Tanzanian Economic Review

Household shocks are among the factors that deteriorate women's self-reported health (SRH). Accordingly, we analyse the effects of household shocks on women’s self-reported health using a sample of 4,958 women aged 18 years and above from waves 4 (2014/2015) and 5 (2020/2021) of the Tanzania National Panel Survey. We employ a correlated random-effects (CRE) ordered probit model to control for unobserved heterogeneity in an ordered outcome. We find that aggregate shocks increase the likelihood of reporting poor health by 0.6 percentage points while simultaneously reducing the probability of reporting better health by 1.9 percentage points. Moreover, women experiencing economic shocks …

Firm Level Labour Productivity Drivers And Export Status In Tanzania, Mgeni E. Msafiri, Vincent Leyaro, Rosemary Taylor

Tanzanian Economic Review

This study analysed the drivers of firm-level labour productivity by export status and estimated the counterfactual gains from exporting. Using the 2022 nationally representative Tanzania Enterprise Survey and an endogenous switching regression model, results revealed significant differences in the drivers of labour productivity between exporting and non-exporting firms. The productivity of exporting firms was positively associated with business linkages with small and medium-sized enterprises, foreign ownership, access to finance, and capital intensity. Similar factors were associated with labour productivity among non-exporting firms, alongside linkages with large firms. However, access to finance had asymmetric patterns: exporting firms benefited from greater financial …

Accounting And Economic System Classification: An Adverse Effect Of The Misconceptualization Of Capital, Henry Zeno Chalu

Business Management Review

This paper discusses the influence of accounting on economic system classification. Particularly, it traces how a misconception of the accounting term ‘capital’ led to a misleading characterization of capitalism and socialism as inherently oppositional economic systems. This misunderstanding stems from neglect of the two complementary modes of thought on which accounting as a science rests: reasoning, which is the conceptual, idealistic dimension, and proving, which is the technical, physicalist dimension. Both modes are integral to the construction of most of the accounting terms used in economics. If an accounting conceptualization had been followed, capitalism and socialism would not …

The Self-Taught Generation: Here’S How Libraries Can Unlock Youth Employment, Jackline Estomihi Kiwelu

Libraries

No Abstract

Clinician Perspectives On Fistula Mental Health, Victoria K. Leonard

Doctoral Dissertations

Background – Obstetric fistula is a childbirth injury caused by prolonged labor that leads to stillbirth and incontinence, spurring social exclusion and isolation. These layers of trauma put women with fistula at great risk for psychological suffering, which has profound negative socioeconomic impacts on them, their families, and communities. This study captured treatment as usual at Comprehensive Community Based Rehabilitation in Tanzania (CCBRT), the country’s largest provider of fistula care.

Method – Improving holistic fistula treatment requires engaging the clinicians who care for women with fistula. This study aimed to investigate the training, beliefs, and treatment approaches of nurses and …

Records Management For Improving Service Delivery In Local Government Authorities In Tanzania, Grace Msiga Gm, Grace Msiga Gm, Grace Msiga Gm

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study examined the role of records management in improving service delivery in Local Government Authorities (LGAs) in Tanzania. Specifically, it aimed to explore the state of records management practices within Local Government Authorities (LGAs), to assess the link between records management and service delivery in Local Government Authorities (LGAs), and identify possible barriers in records management that prevent Local Government Authorities (LGAs) from achieving better service delivery. A survey or census sampling method was used to select 240 respondents from a population consisting of 168 Action Officers (AOs), 60 records management staff (RMS), and 12 key informants. The study …

Global Health Financing Of Diagonal Interventions: Building Resilient And Sustainable Health Systems In Sub-Saharan Africa, Lucy Kim

Master in Public Policy Theses

Background: Global health financing has historically prioritized disease-specific “vertical” programs over broader “horizontal” strengthening of general health systems. Vertical programs in HIV have led to unprecedented reductions in mortality worldwide, but HIV remains a significant public health threat in sub-Saharan Africa, where vertical strategies have long been criticized for creating fragmented health systems. In response, global health strategies have shifted towards combining vertical investments with broader horizontal activities, commonly referred to as “diagonal” programming. While evidence suggests that diagonal programming has the potential to create more resilient and sustainable health systems, evaluating its value for money is challenging due to …

A Qualitative Analysis Of The Challenges And Prospects Of Communicating Scientific Information About Gmos To Farmers In Kenya, Joseph J. Olomy, Abraham K. Mulwo

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The increasingly polarised public debate surrounding genetically modified organisms (GMOs) often lacks sufficient expert input, leading to heightened public fears and misconceptions. This prompts the questions as to how effectively scientific information on genetically modified foods (GMFs) is communicated to the general public. This study presents findings from interviews with eight crop scientists involved in GMF crop research in Kenya, with the objective of assessing the challenges and opportunities of communicating GMF research findings to the public, and especially to farmers. The participants were selected using a snowballing technique, where the initial participants were identified based on their active engagement …

Hunting, Craftsmanship, And Migration: The Ethnobiology Of The Raute Nomads Of Nepal, Ramesh Prasad Adhikary

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This study explores the ethnobiology of the Raute nomads in Nepal, a dwindling hunter-gatherer group facing threats from modernisation, deforestation, and sedentarisation policies. Despite growing ethnobiological research on indigenous knowledge, there remains a scholarly gap in integrated analyses of how nomadic practices like hunting, craftsmanship, and migration interlink to promote sustainability, particularly in South Asian contexts. Drawing on six weeks of ethnographic fieldwork with a single Raute community (n=15 key informants via purposive sampling for interviews; 3 focus groups of 6-8 participants via convenience sampling), this research employs participant observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions to address this gap. …

Christian Leadership On Hiv/Aids Advocacy In Southern Africa, Clemenciana Mukenge

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Guided by the social capital theory, this study systematically reviews empirical evidence on Christian leaders’ advocacy roles in HIV prevention across Southern Africa. The objective was to assess how different forms of social capital shape the effectiveness of faith-based HIV advocacy across the region. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was conducted between January and June 2025, covering peer-reviewed studies published in English from 2001 to 2021. The eligible studies employed qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods; and explicitly examined Christian leaders’ HIV/AIDS advocacy within …

Resilience In Place Names: German-Hehe War Memories And Cultural Identity In Iringa Toponyms, Claudio G. Kisake, Sophilini M. Yisega, Spemba E. Spemba

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Toponyms, or place names, act as vital markers of historical memory, cultural identity and resilience. In Iringa, Tanzania, toponymy offers valuable insights into the enduring impacts associated with the German-Hehe War (1890–1898), and colonial encounters on indigenous communities. This study explores how place names—such as Kitanzini (‘a place with a noose for hanging people’), Ilundamatwe or Lundamatwe (‘a collection of slaughtered heads’), and Gangilonga (‘the speaking stone’)—convey narratives of Hehe war superiority, resistance, and survival. Using a qualitative approach, the research incorporates archival sources, oral histories, and linguistic analysis to investigate the stories behind naming and renaming, the role of …

Shu World Review- April 27th 2026, Diplolab, Seton Hall University

SHU World Review

No abstract provided.