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Articles 1 - 30 of 52
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
“Private” Crime In Public Housing: Violent Victimization, Fear Of Crime And Social Isolation Among Women Public Housing Residents, Claire M. Renzetti, Shana L. Maier
“Private” Crime In Public Housing: Violent Victimization, Fear Of Crime And Social Isolation Among Women Public Housing Residents, Claire M. Renzetti, Shana L. Maier
CRVAW Faculty Journal Articles
Although public housing is typically associated with high crime rates, little research has been done on fear of crime or violent victimization experiences among public housing residents. Moreover, there are few studies that look specifically at women’s fear of crime or violent victimization experiences in public housing, despite the fact that women constitute the majority of public housing residents. These issues were examined in the present study through interviews with female public housing residents in Camden, New Jersey (NJ). The interviews reveal high rates of violent victimization, especially at the hands of intimates and acquaintances. Fear of crime is also …
Predicting The Readability Of Transparent Text, Lauren F. V. Scharff, Albert J. Ahumada Jr.
Predicting The Readability Of Transparent Text, Lauren F. V. Scharff, Albert J. Ahumada Jr.
Faculty Publications
Will a simple global masking model based on image detection be successful at predicting the readability of transparent text? Text readability was measured for two types of transparent text: additive (as occurs in head-up displays) and multiplicative (which occurs in see-through liquid crystal display virtual reality displays). Text contrast and background texture were manipulated. Data from two previous experiments were also included (one using very low contrasts on plain backgrounds, and the other using higher-contrast opaque text on both plain and textured backgrounds). All variables influenced readability in at least an interactive manner. When there were background textures, the global …
Innovation In Occupational Therapy Practice: Evidence In Working With Families Caring For Persons With Dementia, Laura N. Gitlin
Innovation In Occupational Therapy Practice: Evidence In Working With Families Caring For Persons With Dementia, Laura N. Gitlin
Center for Applied Research on Aging and Health Research Papers
No abstract provided.
Ua3/9/5 Special Announcement - Kelly Autism Project, Wku President's Office
Ua3/9/5 Special Announcement - Kelly Autism Project, Wku President's Office
WKU Archives Records
Speech delivered by WKU president Gary Ransdell announcing the beginning of the Kelly Autism Project at Western Kentucky University.
What Will My Parents Think? Relations Among Adolescents’ Expected Parental Reactions, Prosocial Moral Reasoning, And Prosocial And Antisocial Behaviors, Jennifer M. Wyatt, Gustavo Carlo
What Will My Parents Think? Relations Among Adolescents’ Expected Parental Reactions, Prosocial Moral Reasoning, And Prosocial And Antisocial Behaviors, Jennifer M. Wyatt, Gustavo Carlo
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Prior researchers confirmed socialization models depicting parenting practices and social cognitions associated with prosocial and antisocial behaviors. However, little research has focused on processes underlying the link between parenting and these behaviors. Per Grusec and Goodnow’s internalization model, children and adolescents develop expectancies regarding their parents’ reactions to their behaviors. Adolescents’ expected parental reactions to prosocial behaviors were hypothesized to predict prosocial behaviors; expectations regarding antisocial behaviors were expected to predict antisocial behaviors. For this study, 80 adolescents and their parents reported adolescents’ antisocial and prosocial behaviors. Adolescents completed a measure of prosocial moral reasoning and an assessment of how …
Adolescent Risk Factors For Sexual Victimization: A Longitudinal Analysis Of Rural Women, Janine M. Zweig, Aline Sayer, Lisa J. Crockett, Judith R. Vicary
Adolescent Risk Factors For Sexual Victimization: A Longitudinal Analysis Of Rural Women, Janine M. Zweig, Aline Sayer, Lisa J. Crockett, Judith R. Vicary
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Longitudinal data were used to examine risk factors for sexual victimization among 237 young adult rural women. In this sample, 8% reported experiencing forced sex (i.e., physically violent experiences) and a separate 22% reported experiencing coerced sex (i.e., external psychological manipulation, substance-related coercion, or internal psychological pressure.) Women who had more educated mothers had a greater probability of reporting forced sex. In addition, mothers’ education moderated the relationship between individual risk factors and the probability of reporting forced sex. For women with less educated mothers, higher frequency of sexual activity during adolescence was related to an increased probability of reporting …
Learning To Produce Speech With An Altered Vocal Tract: The Role Of Auditory Feedback, Jeffery A. Jones, Kevin Munhall
Learning To Produce Speech With An Altered Vocal Tract: The Role Of Auditory Feedback, Jeffery A. Jones, Kevin Munhall
Psychology Faculty Publications
Modifying the vocal tract alters a speaker’s previously learned acoustic–articulatory relationship. This study investigated the contribution of auditory feedback to the process of adapting to vocal-tract modifications. Subjects said the word /tɑs/ while wearing a dental prosthesis that extended the length of their maxillary incisor teeth. The prosthesis affected /s/ productions and the subjects were asked to learn to produce ‘‘normal’’ /s/’s. They alternately received normal auditory feedback and noise that masked their natural feedback during productions. Acoustic analysis of the speakers’ /s/ productions showed that the distribution of energy across the spectra moved toward that of normal, unperturbed production …
Spruce Run News (Fall 2002), Spruce Run Staff
Spruce Run News (Fall 2002), Spruce Run Staff
Maine Women's Publications - All
No abstract provided.
Father Hunger: Explorations With Adults And Children (Book Review), Jerrold R. Brandell
Father Hunger: Explorations With Adults And Children (Book Review), Jerrold R. Brandell
Social Work Faculty Publications
Herzong, James M. (2001). Father Hunger: Explorations With Adults and Children. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press.
Place Conditioning: What Does It Add To Our Understanding Of Ethanol Reward ?, Fred O. Risinger, Christopher L. Cunningham, Rick A. Bevins, Frank A. Holloway
Place Conditioning: What Does It Add To Our Understanding Of Ethanol Reward ?, Fred O. Risinger, Christopher L. Cunningham, Rick A. Bevins, Frank A. Holloway
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This article describes the proceedings of a symposium at the 2001 RSA annual meeting in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The cochairs were Fred O. Risinger and Christopher L. Cunningham. Presentations were as follows: (1) Place conditioning: understanding the motivational impact of stimuli, by Rick A. Bevins; (2) Role of historical factors in ethanol place conditioning, by Frank A. Holloway; (3) Ethanol place conditioning in mice: genetic and environmental infl uences, by Christopher L. Cunningham; and (4) Utilization of place conditioning for understanding the neuropharmacology of the rewarding effects of ethanol, by Fred O. Risinger.
Reducing Childhood Pedestrian Injuries: Individual Risk Factors (Chapter 3), Katherine Kaufer Christoffel, Lizette Peterson, David Dilillo
Reducing Childhood Pedestrian Injuries: Individual Risk Factors (Chapter 3), Katherine Kaufer Christoffel, Lizette Peterson, David Dilillo
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Most factors influencing the risk of pedestrian injury for children are based on family considerations or community norms, not on individuals. Nevertheless, individual risk factors should be considered when planning prevention programs (Christoffel, Donovan et al. 1996). The potential importance of individual traits has been extensively studied in the hope of finding a factor that could be modified. Considerations of the individual are important because they largely define the child’s risk of injury, even while walking with others. The causal sequence of a child walking to a particular site at a particular time where he or she is injured is …
The Need For Proximal Mechanisms To Understand Individual Differences In Altruism, Gustavo Carlo, Rick A. Bevins
The Need For Proximal Mechanisms To Understand Individual Differences In Altruism, Gustavo Carlo, Rick A. Bevins
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
An "Open Peer Commentary" on the article "Altruism and selfishness" by Howard Rachlin.
There are three concerns regarding Rachlin’s altruism model. First, proximal causal mechanisms such as those identified by cognitive neuroscientists and behavioral neuropharmacologists are not emphasized. Second, there is a lack of clear testable hypotheses. And third, extreme forms of altruism are emphasized rather than common forms. We focus on an overarching theme – proximal mechanisms of individual differences in altruism.
Would Smokers With Schizophrenia Benefit From A More Flexible Approach To Smoking Treatment?, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Susy B. Gulliver, Brian Hitsman
Would Smokers With Schizophrenia Benefit From A More Flexible Approach To Smoking Treatment?, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Susy B. Gulliver, Brian Hitsman
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
We evaluated literature that addresses the notion that flexible smoking treatment approaches are warranted for smokers with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Understanding the biological and psychological mechanisms that increase the likelihood of smoking and decrease the motivation to quit for these individuals is addressed within the framework of a neurobiological model. We provide a brief overview of the limited smoking cessation treatment literature for patients with schizophrenia and compare abstinence-focused versus reduction-focused treatment modalities. The potential utility of the reduction-focused approach to tobacco treatment for these smokers is evaluated. Suggestions for future research to address the utility and efficacy of …
Factors Influencing Children To Self-Disclose Sexual Abuse, Mary L. Paine, David J. Hansen
Factors Influencing Children To Self-Disclose Sexual Abuse, Mary L. Paine, David J. Hansen
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Self-disclosure by victims of child sexual abuse (CSA) is critical to initiate legal and therapeutic intervention. Unfortunately, research indicates that lengthy delays in disclosure and even nondisclosure are common. A comprehensive review of the clinical and research literature on CSA and an overview of related bodies of literature was conducted. Areas addressed include the context of sexual abuse as it relates to disclosure, the context and elements of children’s disclosures, motivational factors inhibiting disclosure, and models of the disclosure process. Ancillary and analogue research on secrecy and disclosure are also reviewed. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Too Many Of A Good Thing? The Effects Of Multiple Motivations On Stress, Cost, Fulfillment, And Satisfaction , Marc T. Kiviniemi, Mark Snyder, Allen M. Omoto
Too Many Of A Good Thing? The Effects Of Multiple Motivations On Stress, Cost, Fulfillment, And Satisfaction , Marc T. Kiviniemi, Mark Snyder, Allen M. Omoto
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Individuals engage in behaviors to satisfy motivations and can engage in the same behavior to satisfy a variety of different motivations. Previous research has examined how differences in the overall amount of motivation influence outcomes but has not addressed how differences in the number of conceptually distinct motivations one has for a particular action influence outcomes. In two longitudinal field studies, individuals with more than one motivation for volunteering experienced greater negative outcomes than did those who volunteered to satisfy a single motivation. A laboratory study manipulated the number of motivations individuals had for engaging in a volunteer activity. Individuals …
What Do We Assess When We Assess A Big 5 Trait? : A Content Analysis Of The Affective, Behavioral, And Cognitive Processes Represented In Big 5 Personality Inventories, Lisa M. Pytlik Zillig, Scott H. Hemenover, Richard A. Dienstbier
What Do We Assess When We Assess A Big 5 Trait? : A Content Analysis Of The Affective, Behavioral, And Cognitive Processes Represented In Big 5 Personality Inventories, Lisa M. Pytlik Zillig, Scott H. Hemenover, Richard A. Dienstbier
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
What are personality traits? Are all “broad” traits equally broad in the constructs they encompass and in the pervasiveness of their effects? Or are some traits more or less affective, behavioral, or cognitive in nature? The present study examined these issues as they applied to the Big 5 traits of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Expert and novice raters judged the extent to which items from four popular Big 5 inventories contain behavioral, cognitive, or affective components. Traits and inventories were then compared in terms of their relative assessment of these components. Results indicate convergence among inventories but remarkable …
Evaluation Of Florida’S Mental Health And Substance Abuse System Redesign Strategies: Year 1 Report, Neil Jordan, Julienne Giard, Pat Robinson, Rebecca Larsen, Mary R. Murrin
Evaluation Of Florida’S Mental Health And Substance Abuse System Redesign Strategies: Year 1 Report, Neil Jordan, Julienne Giard, Pat Robinson, Rebecca Larsen, Mary R. Murrin
Mental Health Law & Policy Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Effect Of Non-Nicotinic Moist Snuff Replacement And Lobeline On Withdrawal Symptoms During 48-H Smokeless Tobacco Deprivation, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Frank L. Collins Jr., Lee M. Cohen
Effect Of Non-Nicotinic Moist Snuff Replacement And Lobeline On Withdrawal Symptoms During 48-H Smokeless Tobacco Deprivation, Dennis E. Mcchargue, Frank L. Collins Jr., Lee M. Cohen
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The present study investigated the effects of two herbal components (BACCOFFTM and DIPSTOP ™) of a commercially available smokeless tobacco treatment program for reducing subjective withdrawal symptoms during deprivation. One component, BACCOFF™, is a non-nicotinic chew. The second component, DIPSTOP™, is a liquid containing the alkaloid lobeline, which to some extent mimics peripheral nicotinic effects. All participants (N = 22 males) were placed in four conditions: BACCOFF™ + DIPSTOP™, BACCOFF™ + placebo control, DIPSTOP™ only, and placebo control only. The conditions involved 48 h of deprivation, and subjects were exposed to one condition per week for 4 weeks. …
Factors Influencing Self-Rated Preparedness For Graduate School: A Survey Of Graduate Students, Matthew T. Huss, Brandy A. Randall, Marc Patry, Stephen F. Davis, David J. Hansen
Factors Influencing Self-Rated Preparedness For Graduate School: A Survey Of Graduate Students, Matthew T. Huss, Brandy A. Randall, Marc Patry, Stephen F. Davis, David J. Hansen
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Numerous studies have found a host of factors that are likely to result in more successful applications to graduate schools. This study was a retrospective examination of the variables that distinguish graduate students who believed they were better prepared for graduate school. We examined several of these factors, including variables associated with undergraduate education and the individual for their relation to self-rated preparedness for graduate school. Our findings highlighted quality faculty interactions and participation in research as important factors in graduate students’ post hoc ratings of their preparedness for graduate school. We also found that different types of institutions differed …
Sharing Power And Knowledge: Professional And Mental Health Consumer/Survivor Researchers Working Together In A Participatory Action Research Project, Joanna Ochocka, Rich Janzen, Geoffrey Nelson
Sharing Power And Knowledge: Professional And Mental Health Consumer/Survivor Researchers Working Together In A Participatory Action Research Project, Joanna Ochocka, Rich Janzen, Geoffrey Nelson
Psychology Faculty Publications
In this article we document and reflect on the process and outcomes of consumer/survivor researchers' involvement in a community mental health research project. The study used a participatory action research approach that challenges traditional assumptions of how to conduct research. Research roles and relationships were reexamined by both professional and consumer/survivor researchers. Four values were central to the research process: consumer/survivor empowerment, supportive relationships, learning as an ongoing process, and social justice. The benefits of this value-driven approach were seen in terms of positive impacts on the lives of individual researchers and also in the quality of the research itself. …
Span Span Away! Creating One Unique Record For Overlapping Admissions And Discharges From Multiple Inpatient Hospital Stays, Shabnam Mehra, Robyn Spittle, Rebecca Larsen, Diane Haynes, Kathleen Dailey
Span Span Away! Creating One Unique Record For Overlapping Admissions And Discharges From Multiple Inpatient Hospital Stays, Shabnam Mehra, Robyn Spittle, Rebecca Larsen, Diane Haynes, Kathleen Dailey
Mental Health Law & Policy Faculty Publications
The Policy and Services Research Data Center (PSRDC) in the Department of Mental Health Law & Policy at The Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute performs research with a variety of secondary mental health datasets. The data format is often manipulated to accommodate our research objectives. One example of this manipulation is “span coding” using SAS®. This code is specifically designed to transform overlapping inpatient hospital stays into one unique record by means of the admission and discharge dates. The techniques in this paper apply to health care agencies and the pharmaceutical industry but may easily …
Generalizing The Dynamic Field Theory Of The A-Not-B Error Beyond Infancy: Three-Year-Olds’ Delay- And Experience-Dependent Location Memory Biases, Anne R. Schutte, John P. Spencer
Generalizing The Dynamic Field Theory Of The A-Not-B Error Beyond Infancy: Three-Year-Olds’ Delay- And Experience-Dependent Location Memory Biases, Anne R. Schutte, John P. Spencer
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Thelen and colleagues recently proposed a dynamic field theory (DFT) to capture the general processes that give rise to infants’ performance in the Piagetian A-not-B task. According to this theory, the same general processes should operate in noncanonical A-not-B-type tasks with children older than 12 months. Three predictions of the DFT were tested by examining 3-year-olds’ location memory errors in a task with a homogeneous task space. Children pointed to remembered locations after delays of 0 s to 10 s. The spatial layout of the possible targets and the frequency with which children moved to each target was varied. As …
The Effects Of Defendant Remorse On Mock Juror Decisions In A Malpractice Case, Brian H. Bornstein, Lahna M. Rung M.A., Monica K. Miller
The Effects Of Defendant Remorse On Mock Juror Decisions In A Malpractice Case, Brian H. Bornstein, Lahna M. Rung M.A., Monica K. Miller
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of defendant remorse on monetary damages awarded to a plaintiff in a malpractice case. In two experiments, the physician-defendant expressed remorse at the time of the incident and again at trial, expressed remorse at trial, explicitly demonstrated a lack of remorse at trial, or made no mention of remorse (or a lack thereof). Participants decided how much money to award to the plaintiff and evaluated both the plaintiff and the defendant on several dimensions. Participants awarded greater compensation when the physician expressed remorse at the time of the incident than …
Spruce Run News (Spring 2002), Spruce Run Staff
Spruce Run News (Spring 2002), Spruce Run Staff
Maine Women's Publications - All
No abstract provided.
The Development Of A Measure Of Prosocial Behaviors For Late Adolescents, Gustavo Carlo, Brandy A. Randall
The Development Of A Measure Of Prosocial Behaviors For Late Adolescents, Gustavo Carlo, Brandy A. Randall
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
The correlates and structure of prosocial behaviors in late adolescents were examined using a newly constructed, multidimensional measure. In Study 1, 249 college students (145 women; M age = 19.9 years) were administered the Prosocial Tendencies Measure (PTM) which assesses 6 types of prosocial behaviors: altruistic, compliant, emotional, dire, public, and anonymous. Measures of sympathy, perspective taking, personal distress, social desirability, global prosocial behaviors, social responsibility, ascription of responsibility, vocabulary skills, and prosocial moral reasoning were also completed. Test-retest reliability and further validity of the PTM were demonstrated in Study 2 with a sample of 40 college students (28 women; …
Pretrial Publicity And Civil Cases: A Two-Way Street?, Brian H. Bornstein, Brooke L. Whisenhunt, Robert J. Nemeth, Deborah L. Dunaway
Pretrial Publicity And Civil Cases: A Two-Way Street?, Brian H. Bornstein, Brooke L. Whisenhunt, Robert J. Nemeth, Deborah L. Dunaway
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Published pretrial publicity (PTP) research has been conducted almost exclusively with criminal cases and has focused on PTP that is detrimental to the defense. The current research examined the effects of PTP in a civil case to determine if PTP can have a biasing effect against either the defendant or the plaintiff in civil litigation. In Experiment 1, participants exposed to PTP biased against the defendant were more likely to reach a liable verdict than participants who read a control article or PTP biased against the plaintiff. Experiment 2 demonstrated that a judicial admonition did not reduce the biasing effect …
Improvement In Quantity And Quality Of Prevention Measurement Of Toddler Injuries And Parental Interventions, Lizette Peterson, David Dilillo, Terri Lewis, Kenneth Sher
Improvement In Quantity And Quality Of Prevention Measurement Of Toddler Injuries And Parental Interventions, Lizette Peterson, David Dilillo, Terri Lewis, Kenneth Sher
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
Injury is the leading killer of children in the United States, yet little research has focused on this vital subject. One of the distinct barriers to injury prevention is the absence of effective assessment devices. Epidemiological aspects of injury have been assessed, but these provide little information at a level sufficient to allow conclusions about potential behavioral prevention methods. This paper describes an alternative, the Participant Event Monitoring (PEM) system. In this paper, the PEM system is used to examine a sample of 170 toddlers (ages 18 to 36 months), over a 6-month period, resulting in data on over 4,200 …
Psychosocial Correlates Of Physical Activity And Sedentary Leisure Habits In Young Adolescents: The Teens Eating For Energy And Nutrition At School Study, Amanda Birnbaum, Kathryn H. Schmitz, Leslie Lytle, Glenn A. Phillips, David M. Murray, Martha Y. Kubik
Psychosocial Correlates Of Physical Activity And Sedentary Leisure Habits In Young Adolescents: The Teens Eating For Energy And Nutrition At School Study, Amanda Birnbaum, Kathryn H. Schmitz, Leslie Lytle, Glenn A. Phillips, David M. Murray, Martha Y. Kubik
Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works
BACKGROUND: Low levels of physical activity (PA) and highly sedentary leisure habits (SLH) in youth may establish behavioral patterns that will predispose youth to increased chronic disease risk in adulthood. The purpose of this paper was to examine associations of demographic and psychosocial factors with self-reported PA and SLH in young adolescents. METHODS: A general linear mixed model predicted self-reported PA and SLH in the spring from demographic and psychosocial variables measured the previous fall in 3798 seventh grade students. RESULTS: PA and SLH differed by race, with Caucasian students reporting among the highest PA and lowest SLH. Perceptions of …
Child Sexual Abuse, Eugenia Hsu, Georganna Sedlar, Mary Fran Flood, David J. Hansen
Child Sexual Abuse, Eugenia Hsu, Georganna Sedlar, Mary Fran Flood, David J. Hansen
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
This chapter describes the case of two adolescent girls who were living in foster care with their maternal aunt and her family, the Kraller family. The girls and their aunt and uncle participated in Project SAFE, a university-based program for sexually abused children and their nonoffending caregivers, which is described in detail in the Course of Treatment section. The Kraller family was referred to Project SAFE by the local Child Advocacy Center. Miriam Kraller contacted the Child Advocacy Center when she learned that her two nieces (her younger sister’s daughters), Gina (age 14) and Suzy (age 13), had been sexually …
Using Controversial Mock Trials In “Psychology And Law” Courses: Suggestions From Participants, James L. Werth, James Harvey, Rebecca Mcnamara, Andrea Svoboda, Raina Gulbrandson, Jennifer Hendren, Tiffany Greedy, Christie Leybold
Using Controversial Mock Trials In “Psychology And Law” Courses: Suggestions From Participants, James L. Werth, James Harvey, Rebecca Mcnamara, Andrea Svoboda, Raina Gulbrandson, Jennifer Hendren, Tiffany Greedy, Christie Leybold
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
We discuss the use of a mock trial of the controversial Jack Kevorkian euthanasia case in an undergraduate psychology and law course. We provide an overview of the project, student feedback, and recommendations for improving the exercise. Based on feedback from students, we conclude that constructing a trial around a controversial topic with psychosocial issues as the foundation of a course can increase the utility of a mock trial and make the course a better learning experience.