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Thermal Lattice Boltzmann Simulations Of Variable Prandtl Number Turbulent Flows, Min Soe, George Vahala, Pavol Pavlo, Linda L. Vahala, Hudong Chen Apr 1998

Thermal Lattice Boltzmann Simulations Of Variable Prandtl Number Turbulent Flows, Min Soe, George Vahala, Pavol Pavlo, Linda L. Vahala, Hudong Chen

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Thermal lattice Boltzmann (TLBE) models that utilize the single relaxation time scalar Bhatnagar, Gross, and Krook collision operator have an invariant Prandtl number. For flows with arbitrary Prandtl number, a matrix collision operator is introduced. The relaxation parameters are generalized so that the transport coefficients become density independent. TLBE simulations are presented for two-dimensional free decaying turbulence induced by a strongly perturbed double velocity shear layer for various Prandtl numbers.


Higher Order Isotropic Velocity Grids In Lattice Methods, Pavol Pavlo, George Vahala, Linda L. Vahala Jan 1998

Higher Order Isotropic Velocity Grids In Lattice Methods, Pavol Pavlo, George Vahala, Linda L. Vahala

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Kinetic lattice methods are a very attractive representation of nonlinear macroscopic systems because of their inherent parallelizability on multiple processors and their avoidance of the nonlinear convective terms. By uncoupling the velocity lattice from the spatial grid, one can employ higher order (non-space-filling) isotropic lattices-lattices which greatly enhance the stable parameter regions, particularly in thermal problems. In particular, the superiority of the octagonal lattice over previous models used in 2D (hexagonal or square) and 3D (projected face-centered hypercube) is shown.


Surface Morphology Of Laser-Superheated Pb(111) And Pb(100), Z. H. Zhang, Bo Lin, X. L. Zeng, H. E. Elsayed-Ali Jan 1998

Surface Morphology Of Laser-Superheated Pb(111) And Pb(100), Z. H. Zhang, Bo Lin, X. L. Zeng, H. E. Elsayed-Ali

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The surface step density on the vicinal Pb(111) and the surface vacancy density on Pb(100) after laser superheating and melting are investigated using reflection high-energy electron diffraction. With ∼100-ps laser pulses, Pb(111) surface superheating does not significantly change the density of the steps and step-edge roughness. However, after laser surface melting, the average terrace width and the string length at the step edge become as large as those at room temperature. The average terrace width at 573 K changes from 38±15 to 64±19 Å after laser surface melting, while the average string length at the step edge changes from 90±14 …


Temperature Dependence Of Step Density On Vicinal Pb(111), Z. H. Zhang, H. E. Elsayed-Ali Jan 1998

Temperature Dependence Of Step Density On Vicinal Pb(111), Z. H. Zhang, H. E. Elsayed-Ali

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The temperature dependence of step density on the vicinal Pb(111) surface is investigated using reflection high-energy electron diffraction. When the temperature is increased from 323 to 590 K. the average terrace width and the average string length at the step edge decrease from 85±25 to 37±16 Å and from 220±33 to 25±8 Å, respectively. Thermal step collapse on the Pb(111) surface near its bulk melting temperature is not observed. Above 530±7 K, the change in the string length at the step edge with temperature becomes small, and the intensity of the (00) beam is significantly decreased. We conclude that partial …


Atomic Hydrogen Cleaning Of Inp(100) For Preparation Of A Negative Electron Affinity Photocathode, K. A. Elamrawi, M. A. Hafez, H. E. Elsayed-Ali Jan 1998

Atomic Hydrogen Cleaning Of Inp(100) For Preparation Of A Negative Electron Affinity Photocathode, K. A. Elamrawi, M. A. Hafez, H. E. Elsayed-Ali

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Atomic hydrogen cleaning is used to clean InP(100) negative electron affinity photocathodes. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction patterns of reconstructed, phosphorus-stabilized, InP(100) surfaces are obtained after cleaning at ∼400 °C. These surfaces produce high quantum efficiency photocathodes (∼8.5%), in response to 632.8 nm light. Without atomic hydrogen cleaning, activation of InP to negative electron affinity requires heating to ∼530 °C. At this high temperature, phosphorus evaporates preferentially and a rough surface is obtained. These surfaces produce low quantum efficiency photocathodes (∼0.1%). The use of reflection high-energy electron diffraction to measure the thickness of the deposited cesium layer during activation by correlating …


Femtosecond Photoemission Study Of Ultrafast Electron Dynamics In Single-Crystal Au(111) Films, J. Cao, Y. Gao, H. E. Elsayed-Ali, R. J. D. Miller, D. A. Mantell Jan 1998

Femtosecond Photoemission Study Of Ultrafast Electron Dynamics In Single-Crystal Au(111) Films, J. Cao, Y. Gao, H. E. Elsayed-Ali, R. J. D. Miller, D. A. Mantell

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The energy-dependent relaxation of photoexcited electrons has been measured by time-resolved two-photon photoemission spectroscopy on single-crystal Au(111) films with thickness ranging from 150 to 3000 Å. It is found that the energy-dependent relaxation does not show any significant thickness dependence, which indicates that electron transport is a much slower dynamical process in the near-surface region than expected from bulk properties. Furthermore, lifetimes of the photoexcited electrons can be fitted well by the Fermi-liquid theory with a scaling factor plus an effective upper lifetime. This observation enables separation of electron-electron scattering, and to a lesser extent electron-phonon scattering, processes from electron-transport …