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Validation And Evaluation Of The Mandarin Version Of The Oral Health Literacy Adult Questionnaire In Taiwan, Mu-Hsing Ho, Jed Montayre, H.C. Chang, Jee Young Joo, Mohammad Naghibi Sistani, Yen-Kuang Lin, Victoria Traynor, Chia-Chi Chang, Megan F. Liu

Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

Objectives

This study aimed to translate the Oral Health Literacy Adult Questionnaire into a Mandarin version (MOHL‐AQ) and to examine its psychometric properties.

Methods

A methodological research using psychometric testing and evaluation of a translated instrument. A convenience sample of 402 participants from northern Taiwan were recruited for the validation of the MOHL‐AQ. Internal consistency reliability, split‐half reliability, inter‐rater reliability, face validity, content validity, and construct validity were evaluated.

Results

The value of internal consistency and split‐half reliability of the MOHL‐AQ were 0.77 and 0.78, respectively. Content validity reported a high content validity index (CVI = 95%). Exploratory factor analysis …

Experiences Of Patient-Centred Care In Alcohol And Other Drug Treatment Settings: A Qualitative Study To Inform Design Of A Patient-Reported Experience Measure, Kathryn Hinsley, Peter James Kelly, Esther L. Davis

Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

Introduction and Aims: A growing body of literature supports the use of patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) to monitor the provision of patient-centred care to people accessing health services. However, there is an absence of research into PREMs in the alcohol and other drugs (AOD) field. The aim of this study was to explore patient experiences of AOD care and to develop a PREM for AOD treatment settings. Design and Methods: Five focus groups were conducted with people accessing AOD treatment services in New South Wales, Australia (N = 39). Data were analysed using iterative categorisation. A draft PREM was developed …

Effectiveness Of Quality Incentive Payments In General Practice (Equip-Gp): A Study Protocol For A Cluster-Randomised Trial Of An Outcomes-Based Funding Model In Australian General Practice To Improve Patient Care, Gregory Peterson, Grant Russell, Jan Radford, Nicholas Arnold Zwar, Danielle Mazza, Simon Eckermann, Judy Mullan, Marijka Batterham, Athena Hammond, Andrew D. Bonney

Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

Background There is international interest in whether improved primary care, in particular for patients with chronic or complex conditions, can lead to decreased use of health resources and whether financial incentives help achieve this goal. This trial (EQuIP-GP) will investigate whether a funding model based upon targeted, continuous quality incentive payments for Australian general practices increases relational continuity of care, and lessens health-service utilisation, for high-risk patients and children. Methods We will use a mixed methods approach incorporating a two-arm pragmatic cluster randomised control trial with nested qualitative case studies. We aim to recruit 36 general practices from Practice-Based Research …

Application Of The Integrated Behavioral Model To Oral Self‐Care Behavior Of Community‐Dwelling Middle‐Aged And Older People In Taiwan, Mu-Hsing Ho, H.C. Chang, Yen-Kuang Lin, Victoria Traynor, Hung-Huey Tsai, Kathleen Buckwalter, Megan F. Liu, Chia-Chi Chang

Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

Objectives This study evaluated the Integrated Behavioral Model and examined oral self‐care behavior of community‐dwelling middle‐aged and older people. Design A cross‐sectional design was used. Sample Purposive sampling was employed to recruit middle and older age community‐dwelling individuals, with research locations in public health centers in northern Taiwan. Measurements Structured questionnaires comprised: participant demographics, oral health literacy, oral self‐care attitude, self‐efficacy, intention, and behavior, and significant others' perceptions and beliefs as well as environmental constraints. The Model verification was evaluated by path analysis. Results Two hundred and sixty‐three participants (N = 263) completed the questionnaire survey. Results identified significant direct …

Development And Validation Of A Written Credentialing Examination For Overseas-Educated Dietitians, Neville G. Chiavaroli, Eleanor J. Beck, Catherine Itsiopoulos, Paul Wilkinson, Kay Gibbons, Claire Palermo

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Aim Health professionals seeking employment in foreign countries are commonly required to undertake competency assessment in order to practice. The present study aims to outline the development and validation of a written examination for Dietetic Skills Recognition (DSR), to assess the knowledge, skills, capabilities and professional judgement of overseas-educated dietitians against the competency standards applied to dietetic graduates in Australia. Methods The present study reviews the design, rationale, validation and outcomes of a multiple choice question (MCQ) written examination for overseas-educated dietitians based on 5 years of administration. The validity of the exam is evaluated using Messick's validity framework, which …

Characteristics Of Indigenous Primary Health Care Service Delivery Models: A Systematic Scoping Review, Stephen Harfield, Carol Davy, Alexa Mcarthur, Zachary Munn, Alex Brown, Ngiare J. Brown

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Indigenous populations have poorer health outcomes compared to their non-Indigenous counterparts. The evolution of Indigenous primary health care services arose from mainstream health services being unable to adequately meet the needs of Indigenous communities and Indigenous peoples often being excluded and marginalised from mainstream health services. Part of the solution has been to establish Indigenous specific primary health care services, for and managed by Indigenous peoples. There are a number of reasons why Indigenous primary health care services are more likely than mainstream services to improve the health of Indigenous communities. Their success is partly due to the fact that …

Healthiness Of Food And Beverages For Sale At Two Public Hospitals In New South Wales, Australia, Carrie Tsai, Erika Svensen, Victoria M. Flood, Yasmine Probst, Kathryn Reilly, Stephen Corbett, Jason H. Y Wu

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

(1) Background: Our aim was to conduct objective, baseline food environment audits of two major western Sydney public hospitals and compare them to recently revised state nutritional guidelines.

(2) Methods: A cross-sectional assessment was conducted (June-July2017) across 14 fixed food outlets and 70 vending machines in two hospitals using an audit tool designed to assess the guideline's key food environment parameters of availability, placement, and promotion of 'Everyday' (healthy) and 'Occasional' (less healthy) products.

(3) Results: Availability: Overall, Everyday products made up 51% and 44% of all products available at the two hospitals. Only 1/14(7%) fixed outlets and 16/70(23%) vending …

Earliest Known Hominin Activity In The Philippines By 709 Thousand Years Ago, Thomas Ingicco, Gerrit D. Van Den Bergh, C Jago-On, J-J Bahain, M G. Chacón, Noel Amano, H Forestier, C King, K Manalo, Sebastien Nomade, A Pereira, M C. Reyes, A M. Semah, Q Shao, P Voinchet, C Falgueres, P C.H Albers, M Lising, George A. Lyras, Dida Yurnaldi, P Rochette, Angel Bautista, John De Vos

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Over 60 years ago, stone tools and remains of megafauna were discovered on the Southeast Asian islands of Flores, Sulawesi and Luzon, and a Middle Pleistocene colonization by Homo erectus was initially proposed to have occurred on these islands. However, until the discovery of Homo floresiensis in 2003, claims of the presence of archaic hominins on Wallacean islands were hypothetical owing to the absence of in situ fossils and/or stone artefacts that were excavated from well-documented stratigraphic contexts, or because secure numerical dating methods of these sites were lacking. As a consequence, these claims were generally treated with scepticism. Here …

Osteoclast Inhibitors To Prevent Bone Metastases In Men With High-Risk, Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Aimee R. Hayes, Daniel Brungs, Nick Pavlakis

Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

Background: In advanced prostate cancer, osteoclast inhibitors prevent and palliate skeletal related events associated with bone metastases. However, it is uncertain whether they play a disease-modifying role earlier in the course of the disease.

Methods: Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and ASCO conference proceedings were searched for randomized controlled trials that compared osteoclast inhibitors with placebo and/or standard of care (SOC) in patients with high-risk, non-metastatic prostate cancer. The primary outcome measure was incidence of new bone metastases; secondary outcomes included overall survival (OS), prostate cancer specific survival, mortality unrelated to …

Effect Of Captivity On Morphology: Negligible Changes In External Morphology Mask Significant Changes In Internal Morphology, Stephanie Kirsten Courtney Jones, Adam J. Munn, Phillip G. Byrne

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Captive breeding programmes are increasingly relied upon for threatened species management. Changes in morphology can occur in captivity, often with unknown consequences for reintroductions. Few studies have examined the morphological changes that occur in captive animals compared with wild animals. Further, the effect of multiple generations being maintained in captivity, and the potential effects of captivity on sexual dimorphism remain poorly understood. We compared external and internal morphology of captive and wild animals using house mouse (Mus musculus) as a model species. In addition, we looked at morphology across two captive generations, and compared morphology between sexes. We found no …

Effects Of Neuropeptide Y On Stem Cells And Their Potential Applications In Disease Therapy, Song Peng, You-Li Zhou, Zhi-Yuan Song, Shu Lin

Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a 36-amino acid peptide, is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and other peripheral tissues. It takes part in regulating various biological processes including food intake, circadian rhythm, energy metabolism, and neuroendocrine secretion. Increasing evidence indicates that NPY exerts multiple regulatory effects on stem cells. As a kind of primitive and undifferentiated cells, stem cells have the therapeutic potential to replace damaged cells, secret paracrine molecules, promote angiogenesis, and modulate immunity. Stem cell-based therapy has been demonstrated effective and considered as one of the most promising treatments for specific diseases. However, several limitations still …

A Late Pleistocene Woman From Tham Lod, Thailand: The Influence Of Today On A Face From The Past, Susan Hayes, Rasmi Shoocongdej, Natthamon Pureepatpong, Sanjai Sangvichien, Kanoknart Chintakanon

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Creating a facial appearance for individuals from the distant past is often highly problematic, even when verified methods are used. This is especially so in the case of non-European individuals, as the reference populations used to estimate the face tend to be heavily biased towards the average facial variation of recent people of European descent. To evaluate the problem, a facial approximation of a young woman from the Late Pleistocene rockshelter of Tham Lod in north-western Thailand was compared against the average facial variation of datasets from recent populations. The analysis indicated that the Tham Lod facial approximation was neither …

Nurses Are Underutilised In Antimicrobial Stewardship E Results Of A Multisite Survey In Paediatric And Adult Hospitals, Mona Mostaghim, Thomas Snelling, Brendan J. Mcmullan, Pamela Konecny, Stuart Bond, Suman Adhikari, Adriana J. Chubaty, Cathy Lovell, Beata Bajorek

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Objectives: Explore perceptions and attitudes of nurses in regard to antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), their roles as nurses, and identify differences in perceptions and attitudes across paediatric and adult settings. Methods: Electronic survey administered to nursing staff across three public Australian tertiary institutions with AMS facilitated by a shared electronic approval and decision support system. Results: Overall 65% (93/142) of nurses who completed the survey were familiar with the term AMS, and 75% recognised that they were expected to have a role alongside other disciplines, including ward pharmacists (paediatric 88%, adult 73%; p = 0.03). Hand hygiene and infection control (86%), …

Virtual Histological Assessment Of The Prenatal Life History And Age At Death Of The Upper Paleolithic Fetus From Ostuni (Italy), Alessia Nava, Alfredo Coppa, Donato Coppola, Lucia Mancini, Diego Dreossi, Franco Zanini, Federico Bernardini, Claudio Tuniz, Luca Bondioli

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The fetal remains from the Ostuni 1 burial (Italy, ca 27 ka) represent a unique opportunity to explore the prenatal biological parameters, and to reconstruct the possible patho-biography, of a fetus (and its mother) in an Upper Paleolithic context. Phase-contrast synchrotron X-ray microtomography imaging of two deciduous tooth crowns and microfocus CT measurements of the right hemimandible of the Ostuni 1b fetus were performed at the SYRMEP beamline and at the TomoLab station of the Elettra - Sincrotrone laboratory (Trieste, Italy) in order to refine age at death and to report the enamel developmental history and dental tissue volumes for …

Quaternary Vertebrate Faunas From Sumba, Indonesia: Implications For Wallacean Biogeography And Evolution, Samuel Turvey, Jennifer Crees, James Hansford, Timothy Jeffree, Nick Crumpton, Iwan Kurniawan, Erick Setiyabudi, Thomas Guillerme, Umbu Paranggarimu, Anthony Dosseto, Gerrit D. Van Den Bergh

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Historical patterns of diversity, biogeography and faunal turnover remain poorly understood for Wallacea, the biologically and geologically complex island region between the Asian and Australian continental shelves. A distinctive Quaternary vertebrate fauna containing the small-bodied hominin Homo floresiensis, pygmy Stegodon proboscideans, varanids and giant murids has been described from Flores, but Quaternary faunas are poorly known from most other Lesser Sunda Islands. We report the discovery of extensive new fossil vertebrate collections from Pleistocene and Holocene deposits on Sumba, a large Wallacean island situated less than 50 km south of Flores. A fossil assemblage recovered from a Pleistocene deposit at …

High-Resolution Hyperspectral Imaging Of Diagenesis And Clays In Fossil Coral Reef Material: A Nondestructive Tool For Improving Environmental And Climate Reconstructions, Richard Murphy, Jody M. Webster, Luke Nothdurft, Belinda Dechnik, Helen V. Mcgregor, Madhavi A. Patterson, Kelsey Sanborn, Gregory E. Webb, Lisa I. Kearney, Llewellyn Rintoul, Dirk V. Erler

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Hyperspectral imagery (1000-2500 nm) was used to quantitatively map carbonate and clay minerals in fossil reef cores that are relevant to accurately reconstructing past environmental and climatic conditions. Techniques were developed using hyperspectral imagery of fossil reef corals and cores acquired from three different geological settings, and were validated against independent measures of calcite to aragonite ratios. Aragonite, calcite, and dolomite were distinguished using a combination of the wavelength position and asymmetry of the primary carbonate absorption between 2300 and 2350 nm. Areas of core containing small amounts of calcite (>2-5%) were distinguished from aragonite in imagery of two …

Technologies For The Control Of Heat And Light In The Vézère Valley Aurignacian, Randall White, Romain Mensan, Amy E. Clark, Elise Tartar, Laurent Marquer, Raphaelle Bourrillon, Paul Goldberg, Laurent Chiotti, Catherine Cretin, William Rendu, Anne Pike-Tay, Sarah Ranlett

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

We can trace the beginnings of our knowledge of early Upper Paleolithic (Aurignacian) use of fire to the pioneering 1910-1911 excavations at Abri Blanchard undertaken by Louis Didon and Marcel Castanet. At Blanchard, the excavators recognized and described fire structures that correspond in many ways to features excavated more recently in Western and Central Europe. Here, we address the issue of heat and light management in the early Upper Paleolithic, demonstrating a pattern that builds on these early excavations but that is refined through our recent field operations. Topics to be discussed include (1) recently excavated fire structures that suggest …

Exploring Hominin And Non-Hominin Primate Dental Fossil Remains With Neutron Microtomography, Clement Zanolli, Burkhard Schillinger, Amelie Beaudet, Ottmar Kullmer, Roberto Macchiarelli, Lucia Mancini, Friedemann Schrenk, Claudio Tuniz, Vladimira Vodopivec

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Fossil dental remains are an archive of unique information for paleobiological studies. Computed microtomography based on X-ray microfocus sources (X-μCT) and Synchrotron Radiation (SR-μCT) allow subtle quantification at the micron and sub-micron scale of the meso- and microstructural signature imprinted in the mineralized tissues, such as enamel and dentine, through high-resolution "virtual histology". Nonetheless, depending on the degree of alterations undergone during fossilization, X-ray analyses of tooth tissues do not always provide distinct imaging contrasts, thus preventing the extraction of essential morphological and anatomical details. We illustrate here by three examples the successful application of neutron microtomography (n-μCT) in cases …

The Age Of Homo Naledi And Associated Sediments In The Rising Star Cave, South Africa, Paul H.G.M Dirks, Eric Roberts, Hannah Hilbert-Wolf, Jan Kramers, John Hawks, Anthony Dosseto, Mathieu Duval, Marina Elliott, Mary Evans, Rainer Grün

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

New ages for flowstone, sediments and fossil bones from the Dinaledi Chamber are presented. We combined optically stimulated luminescence dating of sediments with U-Th and palaeomagnetic analyses of flowstones to establish that all sediments containing Homo naledi fossils can be allocated to a single stratigraphic entity (sub-unit 3b), interpreted to be deposited between 236 ka and 414 ka. This result has been confirmed independently by dating three H. naledi teeth with combined U-series and electron spin resonance (US-ESR) dating. Two dating scenarios for the fossils were tested by varying the assumed levels of 222Rn loss in the encasing sediments: a …

Ccnf Mutations In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis And Frontotemporal Dementia, Kelly L. Williams, Simom Topp, Shu Yang, Bradley Smith, Jennifer A. Fifita, Sadaf T. Warraich, Katharine Y. Zhang, Natalie E. Farrawell, Caroline Vance, Xun Hu, Justin J. Yerbury

Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are overlapping, fatal neurodegenerative disorders in which the molecular and pathogenic basis remains poorly understood. Ubiquitinated protein aggregates, of which TDP-43 is a major component, are a characteristic pathological feature of most ALS and FTD patients. Here we use genome-wide linkage analysis in a large ALS/FTD kindred to identify a novel disease locus on chromosome 16p13.3. Whole-exome sequencing identified a CCNF missense mutation at this locus. Interrogation of international cohorts identified additional novel CCNF variants in familial and sporadic ALS and FTD. Enrichment of rare protein-altering CCNF variants was evident in a …

The Effect Of Area And Isolation On Insular Dwarf Proboscideans, Alexandra A. E Van Der Geer, Gerrit D. Van Den Bergh, George A. Lyras, Unggul W. Prasetyo, Rokus Awe Due, Erick Setiyabudi, Hara Drinia

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Aim We investigated the hypothesis that insular body size of fossil elephants is directly related to isolation and surface area of the focal islands. Location Palaeo-islands worldwide. Methods We assembled data on the geographical characteristics (area and isolation) of islands and body size evolution of palaeo-insular species for 22 insular species of fossil elephants across 17 islands. Results Our results support the generality of the island rule in the sense that all but one of the elephants experienced dwarfism on islands. The smallest islands generally harbour the smallest elephants. We found no support for the hypothesis that body size of …

Outcomes Related To Nutrition Screening In Community Living Older Adults: A Systematic Literature Review, Aliza Haslinda Hamirudin, Karen E. Charlton, Karen L. Walton

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Introduction Nutrition screening is an initial procedure in which the risk of malnutrition is identified. The aims of this review were to identify malnutrition risk from nutrition screening studies that have used validated nutrition screening tools in community living older adults; and to identify types of nutrition interventions, pathways of care and patient outcomes following screening. Methods A systematic literature search was performed for the period from January 1994 until December 2013 using SCOPUS, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, PubMed and COCHRANE databases as well as a manual search. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined for the literature searches and …

What Caused Extinction Of The Pleistocene Megafauna Of Sahul?, Chris N. Johnson, John Alroy, Nicholas Beeton, Michael I. Bird, Barry W. Brook, Alan Cooper, Richard Gillespie, Salvador Herrando-Péreza, Zenobia Jacobs, Gifford H. Miller, Gavin J. Prideaux, Richard G. Roberts, Marta Rodríguez-Reya, Frédérik Saltréa, Christian Turney, Corey J. A Bradshaw

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

2016 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. During the Pleistocene, Australia and New Guinea supported a rich assemblage of large vertebrates. Why these animals disappeared has been debated for more than a century and remains controversial. Previous synthetic reviews of this problem have typically focused heavily on particular types of evidence, such as the dating of extinction and human arrival, and have frequently ignored uncertainties and biases that can lead to misinterpretation of this evidence. Here, we review diverse evidence bearing on this issue and conclude that, although many knowledge gaps remain, multiple independent lines of …

Last Interglacial (Mis 5e) Sea-Level Determined From A Tectonically Stable, Far-Field Location, Eyre Peninsula, Southern Australia, Colin V. Murray-Wallace, A P. Belperio, Anthony Dosseto, William A. Nicholas, C Mitchell, Robert P. Bourman, Stephen M. Eggins, Rainer Grün

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The last interglacial maximum (Marine Isotope Substage 5e [MIS 5e], 128¿116 ka) is a distinctive event in recent Earth history. Shoreline successions of this age are important for calibrating climate models and defining the overall behaviour of the crust¿mantle system to fluctuating ice and ocean-water volumes. In a global context, the recently intensified interest in last interglacial shoreline successions has revealed considerable variability in the magnitude of sea-level rise during this time interval and highlighted the need to examine paleosea-level evidence from tectonically stable, far-field settings. Situated in the far-field of continental ice sheets and on the tectonically stable Gawler …

Earliest Hominin Occupation Of Sulawesi, Indonesia, Gerrit D. Van Den Bergh, Bo Li, Adam R. Brumm, Rainer Grün, Dida Yurnaldi, Mark W. Moore, Iwan Kurniawan, Ruly Setiawan, Fachroel Aziz, Richard G. Roberts, - Suyono, Michael Storey, Erick Setiabudi, Michael J. Morwood

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Sulawesi is the largest and oldest island within Wallacea, a vast zone of oceanic islands separating continental Asia from the Pleistocene landmass of Australia and Papua (Sahul). By one million years ago an unknown hominin lineage had colonized Flores immediately to the south1, and by about 50 thousand years ago, modern humans (Homo sapiens) had crossed to Sahul2, 3. On the basis of position, oceanic currents and biogeographical context, Sulawesi probably played a pivotal part in these dispersals4. Uranium-series dating of speleothem deposits associated with rock art in the limestone karst region of Maros in southwest Sulawesi has revealed that …

Sugar In The Diet: Is There A Sweet Spot?, Cinthya Wibisono, Rhoda Ndanuko

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

A round-up of insights p resented at ILSI SEAR Australasia's symposium, Sugar in the d ie t: is the re a swe e t sp ot? held in Sydney on 30 October 2015.

Experiences And Views Of A Brokerage Model For Primary Care For Aboriginal People, Sarah Dennis, Iqbal Hasan, Lisa Jackson Pulver, Ian Wilson, Nicholas Arnold Zwar

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Objective A mixed methods study was conducted to determine the views of Aboriginal people on their experiences of a brokerage model for access to community-based health services in an urban setting. Methods A broad range of approaches, using surveys, semi-structured interviews and community forums with Aboriginal people were used to find out people's views and experiences of using the brokerage service. Results Of the 1304 people invited to participate, only 127 people provided feedback on the brokerage service model for Aboriginal people. Of these, 120 people identified as being Aboriginal. Participants said that the service helped them to navigate the …

Neuregulin 1 Prevents Phencyclidine-Induced Behavioral Impairments And Disruptions To Gabaergic Signaling In Mice, Martin Engel, Peta Snikeris, Andrew M. Jenner, Tim Karl, Xu-Feng Huang, Elisabeth T. Frank

Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute

Background: Substantial evidence from human post-mortem and genetic studies has linked the neurotrophic factor neuregulin 1 (NRG1) to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Genetic animal models and in vitro experiments have suggested that altered NRG1 signaling, rather than protein changes, contributes to the symptomatology of schizophrenia. However, little is known about the effect of NRG1 on schizophrenia-relevant behavior and neurotransmission (particularly GABAergic and glutamatergic) in adult animals. Method: To address this question, we treated adult mice with the extracellular signaling domain of NRG1 and assessed spontaneous locomotor activity and acoustic startle response, as well as extracellular GABA, glutamate, and …

Faces In The Museum: Revising The Methods Of Facial Reconstructions, Susan Hayes

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Museum displays of faces derived from skeletal remains - typically referred to as facial reconstructions - are extraordinarily popular, and frequently function as iconic representations of a much broader engagement with collections from a particular people, time and place. Their actual ability to meaningfully represent either an individual or a museum collection is questionable, as facial reconstructions created for display and published within academic journals show an enduring preference for applying invalidated methods. Since 2002 there has been an increase in verified skull-soft tissue relationships, and these, together with research findings from related academic fields, can be incorporated within an …

Fish Intake During Pregnancy And Foetal Neurodevelopment - A Systematic Review Of The Evidence, Phoebe Starling, Karen E. Charlton, Anne T. Mcmahon, Catherine Lucas

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Fish is a source of several nutrients that are important for healthy foetal development. Guidelines from Australia, Europe and the USA encourage fish consumption during pregnancy. The potential for contamination by heavy metals, as well as risk of listeriosis requires careful consideration of the shaping of dietary messages related to fish intake during pregnancy. This review critically evaluates literature on fish intake in pregnant women, with a focus on the association between neurodevelopmental outcomes in the offspring and maternal fish intake during pregnancy. Peer-reviewed journal articles published between January 2000 and March 2014 were included. Eligible studies included those of …