Digital Commons Network^™

Smoking Experimentation Among Elementary School Students In China: Influences From Peers, Families, And The School Environment, Cheng Huang, Jeffrey Koplan, Shaohua Yu, Changwei Li, Chaoran Guo, Jing Liu, Hui Li, Michelle C. Kegler, Pamela Redmon, Michael Eriksen

Public Health Faculty Publications

The aim of this study was to investigate experimentation with smoking among primary school students in China. Data were acquired from a recent survey of 4,073 students in grades 4 to 6 (ages 9–12) in 11 primary schools of Ningbo City. The questions were adapted from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). Results suggest that although the Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE) encourages smoke-free schools, experimentation with cigarettes remains a serious problem among primary school students in China. Peers, family members, and the school environment play important roles in influencing smoking experimentation among students. Having a friend who smoked, seeing …

The Impact Of Body-Scaled Information On Grasping Action In Toddlers With And Without Down Syndrome, Yuping Chen, Allison Mitch, Kristen Chafin, Rachel Sargent

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Background and purpose: Studies of adults and typically developing (TD) children find the number of hands and fingers used to grasp an object is influenced by the relationship between object size and hand size. Children with Down syndrome (DS) between 3 and 11 years have shown no differences in number of hands (1 or 2 hands) used to grasp different sized objects compared to TD children when the object size was body-scaled. The purpose of this study was to examine whether body-scaled information affected the number of hands and fingers used to grasp different sized objects in toddlers with and …

Reduced Neural Activation During An Inhibition Task Is Associated With Impaired Fear Inhibition In A Traumatized Civilian Sample, Tanja Jovanovic, Tim Ely, Negar Fani, Ebony Glover, David Gutman, Erin Tone, Seth D. Norrholm, Bekh Bradley, Kerry J. Ressler

Psychology Faculty Publications

Introduction: Impaired inhibition of fear in the presence of safety cues and a deficiency in the extinction of fear cues are increasingly thought to be important biological markers of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Other studies have suggested that there may be altered neural activation during behavioral inhibition tasks in subjects with PTSD. The current study aimed to see whether neural activation during inhibition was reduced in a highly traumatized civilian population, and whether atypical activation was associated with impaired fear inhibition.

Methods: The participants were 41 traumatized women (20 PTSD+, 21 PTSD-) recruited from Grady Memorial Hospital in …

Nutrition And Physical Activity In Child Care Centers: The Impact Of A Wellness Policy Initiative On Environment And Policy Assessment And Observation Outcomes, 2011, Rodney S. Lyn, Joyce Maalouf, Sarah Evers, Justin Davis, Monica Griffin

Public Health Faculty Publications

Introduction The child care environment has emerged as an ideal setting in which to implement policies that promote healthy body weight of children. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a wellness policy and training program on the physical activity and nutrition environment in 24 child care centers in Georgia.

Methods We used the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation instrument to identify changes to foods served, staff behaviors, and physical activity opportunities. Observations were performed over 1 day, beginning with breakfast and concluding when the program ended for the day. Observations were conducted from February …

Fkbp5 Modulates Attention Bias For Threat: Associations With Hippocampal Function And Morphology, Negar Fani, David Gutman, Erin Tone, Lynn Almli, Kristina B. Mercer, Jennifer Davis, Ebony Glover, Tanja Jovanovic, Bekh Bradley, Ivo D. Dinov, Alen Zamanyan, Arthur W. Toga, Elisabeth B. Binder, Kerry J. Ressler

Psychology Faculty Publications

Context: The FKBP5 gene product regulates glucocorticoid receptor (GR) sensitivity and hypothalamicpituitary‐adrenal axis functioning, and has been associated with a number of stress‐related psychiatric disorders. The study of intermediate phenotypes, such as emotion‐processing biases and their neural substrates, provides a way to clarify the mechanisms by which FKBP5 dysregulation mediates psychopathology risk.

Objective: To examine whether allelic variations for a putatively functional SNP associated with FKBP5 gene regulation (rs1360780) would relate differentially to attentional bias for threat; this was measured through behavioral response on a dot probe task and hippocampal activation during task performance. Morphological substrates of differential hippocampal response …

Health & Sciences Librarians Newsletter, Brenna Helmstutler, Sharon Leslie, Lesley Mackie, Ida Martinez, Todd Prusin, Jackie K. Werner

University Library Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of The R1648h Sodium Channel Mutation On Neuronal Excitability: A Model Study, Christopher Locandro, Robert Clewley

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Internal And External Support On Drinking Outcomes After Receiving A Brief Intervention For Substance Abuse, Ashley D. Jackson

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Neonatal Pain Accelerates Meal Onset And Increase Body Mass In Adult Female Rats With Poor Spatial Memory, Lauren M. Schmuck, Yoko Ogawa, Nicole C. Victoria, Anne Z. Murphy, Marise B. Parent

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Relationship Of Sleep Disturbances And Physical Symptoms Among College Women, Heather E. Velon, Chasity Turner, Yuxia Cui, Hui Zhang

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Design And Synthesis Of Hif-1 Inhibitors As Anti-Cancer Therapeutics, Zeus De Los Santos

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

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The Feeling About The Nursing Education Program Among Pre-Nursing And Nursing Students: A Photovoice Approach, Chasity Turner, Heather Velon

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Comparing Social Interactions Of Left Brain And Right Brain Stroke Patients, Tara E. Felix

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Synthesis Of Near-Infrared Heptamethine Cyanine Dyes As Biological Imaging Agents, Jordan L. Malray

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Smoke Inhalation Injury, Paul Shores

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

The Optimization Of Pentamethine Carbocyanine Dyes By Means Of Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis, Nicholas R. Bruschi

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Polyamine-Anthracene Conjugates: The Correlation Between Interaction With Dna, Pat Activity, And Cytotoxicity, Khoa T. Nguyen

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Neonatal Pain And Inflammation Impairs Hippocampal-Dependent Memory In Middle-Aged Rats, Nivedita Nagar, Yoko Ogawa, Nicole C. Victoria, Anne Z. Murphy, Marise B. Parent

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Developing Pentamethine Cyanine Dyes For Photodynamic Therapy, Quoc Bao H. Nguyen

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Preventing Mature Biofilm Formation On Colonized Surfaces Using Antibiotics, Casey Shere' Seldon, Brandon Kapalko

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Endocrine Imaging Using Near-Infrared Fluorescent Pentamethine Cyanine Dyes, Tyler Dost

Georgia State Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

Alcohol Exposures, Alcohol Marketing, And Their Associations With Problem Drinking And Drunkenness Among Youth Living In The Slums Of Kampala, Uganda, Monica H. Swahn, Jane B. Palmier, Rogers Kasirye

Public Health Faculty Publications

This study determined the associations between alcohol use exposures, marketing, education, and problem drinking and drunkenness among youth living in the slums of Kampala. This cross-sectional study of youth was conducted in 2011 to quantify and describe high-risk behavior and exposures in a convenience sample (N=457) of urban youth living in the slums, 14–24 years of age, who were participating in a drop-in center for disadvantaged street youth. Logistic regression analyses were computed to determine associations between alcohol use exposures, marketing exposures, alcohol education, and problem drinking and drunkenness while controlling for possible confounders. Among participants, 30.2% reported problem drinking …

Bacterial Contamination On Household Toys And Association With Water, Sanitation And Hygiene Conditions In Honduras, Christine E. Stauber, Adam Walters, Anna M. Fabiszewski De Aceituno, Mark D. Sobsey

Public Health Faculty Publications

There is growing evidence that household water treatment interventions improve microbiological water quality and reduce diarrheal disease risk. Few studies have examined, however, the impact of water treatment interventions on household-level hygiene and sanitation. This study examined the association of four water and sanitation conditions (access to latrines, improved sanitation, improved water and the plastic biosand filter) on the levels of total coliforms and E. coli on existing and introduced toys during an on-going randomized controlled trial of the plastic biosand filter (plastic BSF). The following conditions were associated with decreased bacterial contamination on children’s toys: access to a latrine, …

The Added Value Of Water, Sanitation, And Hygiene Interventions To Mass Drug Administration For Reducing The Prevalence Of Trachoma: A Systematic Review Examining, Anyess R. Travers, Sheryl M. Strasser, Stephanie L. Palmer, Christine E. Stauber

Public Health Faculty Publications

Trachoma is the leading cause of infectious blindness worldwide. The SAFE strategy, the World Health Organization-recommended method to eliminate blinding trachoma, combines developments in water, sanitation, surgery, and antibiotic treatment. Current literature does not focus on the comprehensive effect these components have on one another. The present systematic review analyzes the added benefit of water, sanitation, and hygiene education interventions to preventive mass drug administration of azithromycin for trachoma. Trials were identified from the PubMed database using a series of search terms. Three studies met the complete criteria for inclusion. Though all studies found a significant change in reduction of …

Exposure To Celebrity- Endorsed Small Cigar Promotions And Susceptibility To Use Among Young Adult Cigarette Smokers, Kymberle L. Sterling, Roland S. Moore, Nicole Pitts, Melissa T. Duong, Kentya H. Ford, Michael Eriksen

Public Health Faculty Publications

Small cigar smoking among young adult cigarette smokers may be attributed to their exposure to its advertisements and promotions. We examined the association between exposure to a celebrity music artist’s endorsement of a specific brand of small cigars and young adult cigarette smokers’ susceptibility to smoking that brand. Venue-based sampling procedures were used to select and survey a random sample of 121 young adult cigarette smokers, aged 18–35. Fourteen percent reported exposure to the artist’s endorsement of the small cigar and 45.4% reported an intention to smoke the product in the future. The odds of small cigar smoking susceptibility increased …

The Basic Reproduction Number ℛ0 And Effectiveness Of Reactive Interventions During Dengue Epidemics: The 2002 Dengue Outbreak In Easter Island, Chile, Gerardo Chowell, Rodrigo Fuentes, A Olea, X. Aguilera, Hans Nesse, J. M. Hyman

Public Health Faculty Publications

We use a stochastic simulation model to explore the effect of reactive intervention strategies during the 2002 dengue outbreak in the small population of Easter Island, Chile. We quantified the effect of interventions on the transmission dynamics and epidemic size as a function of the simulated control intensity levels and the timing of initiation of control interventions. Because no dengue outbreaks had been reported prior to 2002 in Easter Island, the 2002 epidemic provided a unique opportunity to estimate the basic reproduction number ℛ0 during the initial epidemic phase, prior to the start of control interventions. We estimated ℛ0 at …

A Data-Driven Mathematical Model Of Ca-Mrsa Transmission Among Age Groups: Evaluating The Effect Of Control Interventions, Gerardo Chowell, Xiaoxia Wang, Sarada Panchanathan

Public Health Faculty Publications

Community associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has become a major cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in the US. We developed an age-structured compartmental model to study the spread of CA-MRSA at the population level and assess the effect of control intervention strategies. We used Monte-Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) techniques to parameterize our model using monthly time series data on SSTIs incidence in children (#19 years) during January 2004 -December 2006 in Maricopa County, Arizona. Our model-based forecast for the period January 2007– December 2008 also provided a good fit to data. We also carried out an uncertainty …

Climate Change And Influenza: The Likelihood Of Early And Severe Influenza Seasons Following Warmer Than Average Winters., Gerardo Chowell, Sherry Towers, Rasheed Hameed, Mathew Jastrebski, Maryam Khan, Jonathan Meeks, George Harris

Public Health Faculty Publications

The 2012-13 influenza season had an unusually early and severe start in the US, succeeding the record mild 2011-12 influenza season, which occurred during the fourth warmest winter on record. Our analysis of climate and past US influenza epidemic seasons between 1997-98 to present indicates that warm winters tend to be followed by severe epidemics with early onset, and that these patterns are seen for both influenza A and B. We posit that fewer people are infected with influenza during warm winters, thereby leaving an unnaturally large fraction of susceptible individuals in the population going into the next season, which …

Global Mortality Estimates For The 2009 Influenza Pandemic From The Glamor Project: A Modeling Study, Lone Simonsen, Peter Spreeuwenberg, Roger Lustig, Robert J. Taylor, Douglas M. Fleming, Madelon Kroneman, Maria D. Van Kerkhove, Anthony W. Mounts, W. John Paget, Gerardo Chowell

Public Health Faculty Publications

Background: Assessing the mortality impact of the 2009 influenza A H1N1 virus (H1N1pdm09) is essential for optimizing public health responses to future pandemics. The World Health Organization reported 18,631 laboratory-confirmed pandemic deaths, but the total pandemic mortality burden was substantially higher. We estimated the 2009 pandemic mortality burden through statistical modeling of mortality data from multiple countries.

Methods and Findings: We obtained weekly virology and underlying cause-of-death mortality time series for 2005–2009 for 20 countries covering ,35% of the world population. We applied a multivariate linear regression model to estimate pandemic respiratory mortality in each collaborating country. We then used …

Occupation And Environmental Heat-Associated Deaths In Maricopa County, Arizona: A Case-Control Study, Diana B. Petitti, Sharon L. Harlan, Gerardo Chowell, Darren M. Ruddell

Public Health Faculty Publications

Background: Prior research shows that work in agriculture and construction/extraction occupations increases the risk of environmental heat-associated death.

Purpose: To assess the risk of environmental heat-associated death by occupation.

Methods: This was a case-control study. Cases were heat-caused and heat-related deaths occurring from May-October during the period 2002–2009 in Maricopa County, Arizona. Controls were selected at random from non-heat-associated deaths during the same period in Maricopa County. Information on occupation, age, sex, and race-ethnicity was obtained from death certificates. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios for heat-associated death. Results: There were 444 cases of heat-associated deaths in …