Digital Commons Network^™

Using Online Videos To Improve Attitudes Toward Shared Automated Vehicles: Age And Video Type Differences, Kathryn Baringer, D. J. Souders, J. Lopez

Publications

Introducing shared automated vehicles (SAVs) should lead to several societal benefits, but both automated vehicles (AVs) and ridesharing must overcome barriers to acceptance. Previous research has investigated age differences in ridesharing usage and factors influencing acceptance of AVs. We investigate age differences in how two online introductory videos (educational or experiential) affect anticipated SAV acceptance. Participants in three different age groups were randomly assigned to watch 1.) an educational video about SAV technologies and potential benefits, 2.) an experiential video showing a SAV navigating traffic, 3.) both the experiential and educational videos, or 4.) a control video explaining how current …

Perceptions And Determinants Of Partnership Trust In The Context Of Community-Based Participatory Research, Arelis Moore De Peralta, Julie Smithwick, Myriam E. Torres

Publications

Trust is difficult to conceptualize and define because of its diverse applications in different disciplines. Historic mistrust between vulnerable communities and researchers based on past adverse experiences can negatively affect the ability to collaborate and conduct effective research with such populations. Community Based-Participatory Research (CBPR) is a collaborative approach to research that can reduce historic mistrust and health disparities among minority populations. Although how trust development occurs in CBPR partnerships has been explored, there is a need to determine how to move from one stage to the next in fostering and maintaining that trust. The present study contributes to this …

Using Community-Engaged Research To Explore Social Determinants Of Health In A Low-Resource Community In The Dominican Republic: A Community Health Assessment, Arelis Moore De Peralta, Lauren Davis, Katherine Brown, Michelle Fuentes, Suzanne Falconer, Jenneil Charles, Michelle Eichinger

Publications

Introduction:

Previously published community health assessments (CHA) have explored social determinants of health in low-resource, Haitian-majority Dominican communities. The present CHA was conducted in Las Malvinas II, a Dominican-majority low-resource community, and represented a first step for developing a building a healthier community process.

Method:

A binational community–academic partnership adapted the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s CHANGE (Community Health Assessment and Group Evaluation) guide to conduct a CHA through community-engaged, mixed-methods research. Data were collected on five community selected public health priorities (i.e., education, sanitation, unwanted pregnancies, chronic disease management, and vaccine-preventable diseases) and community assets through focus groups, …

Territorial And Trans-Territorial Community-Institutional Partnerships To Build Healthier Communities In Developing Countries: Lessons Learned From A Dominican Republic Low-Resource Community, Arelis Moore De Peralta, Emily Schultz, Katherine Brown, N. Suzanne Falconer

Publications

This descriptive case study examines the value of multi-level partnerships to foster a Building a Healthier Community (BHC) process in a low-resource community in the Dominican Republic. Partnerships developed for this BHC project were categorized under the Global Health Education Framework. Partners included a U.S-based university (trans-territorial partnership), a Dominican university, and various governmental, non-governmental, and community organizations in the Dominican Republic (territorial partnerships). Las Malvinas BHC project is an interdisciplinary and holistic approach to community health and well-being improvement that supports community members’ efforts and at the same time promotes participating students’ global health competence. Strategies, methods, the value …

It’S All About Trust And Respect: Cultural Competence And Cultural Humility In Mobile Health Clinic Services For Underserved Minority Populations, Arelis Moore De Peralta, Melinda Gillispie, Catherine Mobley, Lynette M. Gibson

Publications

To explore participants' perceptions of cultural competence and cultural humility in mobile health clinic (MHC) service delivery, using the Cultural Competence Model (CCM) as an organizing framework. Methods. We conducted five focus groups with an ethnically diverse group of English-and Spanish-speaking men and women, ages 20–67, residing in five underserved neighborhoods in a Southeastern U.S. city. Data analysis followed a thematic approach and iterative qualitative content analysis. Results. Participants expressed a desire for well-trained and caring staff who practice cultural humility. Conclusions. By applying the CCM's five-pronged constellation of cultural abilities, health care personnel could ultimately be more responsive to …

Looking For Age Differences In Self-Driving Vehicles: Examining The Effects Of Automation Reliability, Driving Risk, And Physical Impairment On Trust, Ericka Rovira, Anne Collins Mclaughlin, Richard Pak, Luke High

Publications

Purpose

Self-driving cars are an extremely high level of autonomous technology and represent a promising technology that may help older adults safely maintain independence. However, human behavior with automation is complex and not straightforward (Parasuraman and Riley, 1997; Parasuraman, 2000; Rovira et al., 2007; Parasuraman and Wickens, 2008; Parasuraman and Manzey, 2010; Parasuraman et al., 2012). In addition, because no fully self-driving vehicles are yet available to the public, most research has been limited to subjective survey-based assessments that depend on the respondents’ limited knowledge based on second-hand reports and do not reflect …

Validity Of Evaluative Factors From Big Five And Hexaco Questionnaires, Michael D. Biderman, Samuel T. Mcabee, Nhung T. Hendy, Zhuo Job Chen

Publications

Highlights

• Applied bifactor models to NEO-FFI-3, HEXACO PI-R, and BFI-2 data estimating domain, evaluation, and acquiescence factors.

• The evaluation factor was a significant, positive predictor of GPA.

• The acquiescence factor was not a strong predictor of GPA.

• Domain factor score validities were more negative than corresponding summated scale validities.

• Results suggest that extraneous factor contamination can be measured and used with the modeling techniques employed here.

Realmente Tenemos La Capacidad: Engaging Youth To Explore Health In The Dominican Republic Through Photovoice, Catalina Tang Yan, Arelis Moore De Peralta, Edmond P. Bowers, Linda Sprague Martinez

Publications

Youth are often at risk for physical and psychosocial illnesses, and yet their input is rarely included in health assessments and interventions. Two U.S.-based universities partnered with community stakeholders and youth in Las Malvinas II, Dominican Republic to explore factors that promote and/or hinder the health of youth in Las Malvinas II. Youth (n=8) conducted a photovoice, and identified six key health priorities: (1) good nutrition, (2) depression and poverty, (3) violence, (4) sports and neighborhood association, (5) education, and (6) sanitation and community infrastructure. Findings revealed youth’s exploration of complex multi-level determinants of health. This study suggests youth have …

Task-Dependent Cold Stress During Expeditions In Antarctic Environments, Drew M. Morris, June J. Pilcher, Robert B. Powell

Publications

This study seeks to understand the degree of body cooling, cold perception and physical discomfort during Antarctic tour excursions.

Eight experienced expedition leaders across three Antarctic cruise voyages were monitored during occupational tasks: kayaking, snorkelling and zodiac outings. Subjective cold perception and discomfort were recorded using a thermal comfort assessment and skin temperature was recorded using a portable data logger. Indoor cabin temperature and outdoor temperature with wind velocity were used as measures of environmental stress. Physical activity level and clothing insulation were estimated using previous literature.

Tour leaders experienced a 6°C (2°C wind chill) environment for an average of …

Assessment Of Anemia Levels In Infants And Children In High Altitude Peru, Roxanne Amerson, Lisa Miller, Michelle Glatt, Jenna Baker

Publications

When prevalence rates of anemia exceed 40%, the World Health Organization recognizes this as a severe public health problem. In Peru, approximately 43.5% (urban) and 51.1% (rural) of children between the ages of 6 and 36 months have anemia. Currently, limited data exists regarding prevalence rates in many of the high altitude regions of Peru. The main purpose of this pilot study was to establish evidence of anemia in infants and children (7 months through 5 years of age) living in the rural, mountainous region of Ollantaytambo District. This pilot study utilized a quantitative, cross-sectional design to assess the presence …

Decreasing Sedentary Behavior: Effects On Academic Performance, Meta-Cognition, And Sleep, June J. Pilcher, Drew M. Morris, Stewart A. Bryant, Paul A. Merritt, Hayley B. Feigl

Publications

There is growing interest in using activity workstations as a method of increasing light physical activity in normally sedentary environments. The current study (N = 117) compared the effects of studying in college students while slowly pedaling a stationary bike with a desktop with studying at traditional desks across 10 weeks in an academic semester. The students were assigned to study either on the stationary bike or at a traditional desk located in the campus library for a minimum of 2 h a week. During the 10 weeks, the students studied for tests or worked on other required academic …

Cues To Cervical Cancer Screening Among U.S.-Hispanic Women, Arelis Moore De Peralta, Bonnie Holaday, Ida Mikisa Hadoto

Publications

Introduction: Hispanic women’s cervical cancer rates are disproportionately high. Cues to cervical cancer screening (Cues to Action) are strategies to activate the decision-making process to get screened for cervical cancer. This study used the health belief model to examine which cues prompt Hispanic women to undergo cervical cancer screening and how perceptions could be potentiated by cues to cervical cancer screening.

Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Hispanic women 18 to 65 years old (n = 220). Generalized linear modeling was used.

Results: Spanish media and reminders by mother and doctors were relevant cues. Generalized linear modeling showed …

From Guidelines To Local Realities: Evaluation Of Oral Rehydration Therapy And Zinc Supplementation In Guatemala, Rachel Hall-Clifford, Roxanne Amerson

Publications

Objectives: Diarrhea remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for children in low- and middle-income countries throughout the Americas. WHO guidelines have been developed to incorporate zinc supplementation (ZS) with traditional oral rehydration therapy (ORT) to shorten duration and reduce poor health outcomes. Guatemala adopted these guidelines in 2011, but they have not yet been fully implemented at the community level. The objectives of this study were to co-design an ORT/ZS training program with community health promoters appropriate to the local context and to understand how training with the promoters changes attitudes and behaviors of community members.

Methods: In …

Perceptions Of And Preferences For A Mobile Health Clinic For Underserved Populations, Melinda Gillispie, Catherine Mobley, Lynette M. Gibson, Arelis Moore De Peralta

Publications

Background: Research has established that members of particular demographic groups are inordinately burdened by differential healthcare access. Mobile health clinics (MHCs) are emerging across health systems to improve access to care of marginalized populations. This study explored the perceptions and concerns of community residents living in underserved neighborhoods toward MHC services.

Methods: This study used a qualitative descriptive design with 5 focus group meetings. Purposive sampling was used to recruit ethnically diverse, English- and Spanish-speaking men and women ages 20–67 residing in 5 underserved neighborhoods in Greenville County, SC.

Results: Participants (N = 35) felt positive about obtaining personalized health …

Impact Of Economic Trends And Disparities On South Carolina Children’S Health And Well-Being: An Analysis Of The 2016 Kids Count Profile, Arelis Moore De Peralta, Bonnie Holaday

Publications

There are many approaches to conceptualizing and measuring the well-being of children. These indices vary considerably depending on the goal of the scale. However, all of these indices share similar characteristics in that they are multi-dimensional and take into account the complexity of children’s lives. One of the best known of these measures is the Annie E. Casey Foundation’s national KIDS COUNT Data Book (http://www.aecf.org/resources/the-2016-kids-countdata-book/). Each year since 1990 the Casey Foundation has released the KIDS COUNT Data Book. This data provides key information about dimensions of child well-being in the following areas: health, education, economic well-being and family and …

Socio-Cultural And Linguistic Adaptation Of Cdc Change Action Guide To Conduct A Community Health Assessment In The Dominican Republic: A Multi-Disciplinary And Mixed Methods Approach, Chloe Schockling, Katherine Brown, Michelle Fuentes, Arelis Moore De Peralta

Publications

Background. Third world communities like Las Malvinas, located in the Dominican Republic (DR), often face public health challenges. Instituting healthy communities requires collaborative public health services. The US has used evidence-based initiatives including the CDC’s CHANGE tool to address community health. There is a need to adapt these initiatives to other contexts. Clemson University (CU) students have partnered with Dominican University (UNIBE) and the Las Malvinas community to improve the community’s health and well-being.

Methods. The team’s ACTION steps include: assembling a community team and strategy, reviewing the CHANGE sectors, and gathering the data to use in the CHANGE tool. …

Measuring The Potential Impact Of Combination Hiv Prevention In Sub-Saharan Africa, Amin Khademi, Sunanth Anand, David Potts

Publications

A public health approach to combination HIV prevention is advocated to contain the epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. We explore the implications of universal access to treatment along with HIV education scale-up in the region. We develop an HIV transmission model to investigate the impacts of universal access to treatment, as well as an analytical framework to estimate the effects of HIV education scale-up on the epidemic. We calibrate the model with data from South Africa and simulate the impacts of universal access to treatment along with HIV education scale-up on prevalence, incidence, and HIV-related deaths over a course of 15 …

Factors Affecting Hispanic Women’S Participation In Screening For Cervical Cancer, Arelis Moore De Peralta, Bonnie Holaday, James R. Mcdonell

Publications

Hispanic women’s cervical cancer rates are disproportionately high. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used as a theoretical framework to explore beliefs, attitudes, socio-economic, and cultural factors influencing Hispanic women’s decisions about cervical cancer screening. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Hispanic women 18–65 years old (n = 205) in the Upstate of South Carolina. Generalized Linear Modeling was used. Across all models, perceived threats (susceptibility and severity), self-efficacy, and the interaction of benefits and barriers were significant predictors. Significant covariates included age, marital status, income, regular medical care, and familism. A modified HBM was a useful model for examining …

Interactions Between Sleep Habits And Self-Control, June J. Pilcher, Drew M. Morris, Janet Donnelly, Hayley B. Feigl

Publications

Good sleep habits and effective self-control are important components of successful functioning. Unfortunately chronic sleep loss and impaired self-control are common occurrences for many individuals which can lead to difficulty with daily self-control issues such as resisting impulses and maintaining attentive behavior. Understanding how self-control is depleted and how good sleep habits may help replenish and maintain the capacity for self-control is an important issue. A sleep-deprived individual who has expended the necessary resources for self-control is at an increased risk for succumbing to impulsive desires, poor attentional capacity, and compromised decision making. To date, few studies have investigated how …

The Role Of Melanocortin 1 Receptor In Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma, Mary B. Steck

Publications

Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is an epidemic cancer in the United States. Survival rates for invasive CMM have not increased in past decades despite numerous clinical trials and the effective use of various combinations of chemotherapy agents to treat other cancers. Recent research has investigated the role of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), a gene associated with red-hair phenotype in White individuals and with increased risk for developing CMM, in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. This limited narrative review discusses the incidence, history, and risk factors for CMM. It explores familial CMM and provides a brief review of melanocyte development …

Should Expectations About The Rate Of New Antiretroviral Drug Development Impact The Timing Of Hiv Treatment Initiation And Expectations About Treatment Benefits?, Amin Khademi, R. Scott Braithwaite, Denis Saure, Andrew J. Schaefer, Kimberly Nucifora, Mark S. Roberts

Publications

Background: Many analyses of HIV treatment decisions assume a fixed formulary of HIV drugs. However, new drugs are approved nearly twice a year, and the rate of availability of new drugs may affect treatment decisions, particularly when to initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Objectives: To determine the impact of considering the availability of new drugs on the optimal initiation criteria for ART and outcomes in patients with HIV/AIDS.

Methods: We enhanced a previously described simulation model of the optimal time to initiate ART to incorporate the rate of availability of new antiviral drugs. We assumed that the future rate of availability …

Averting Hiv Infections In New York City: A Modeling Approach Estimating The Future Impact Of Additional Behavioral And Biomedical Hiv Prevention Strategies, Jason Kessler, Julie E. Myers, Kimberly A. Nucifora, Nana Mensah, Alexis Kowalski, Monica Sweeney, Christopher Toohey, Amin Khademi, Colin Shepard, Blayne Cutler, R. Scott Braithwaite

Publications

Background: New York City (NYC) remains an epicenter of the HIV epidemic in the United States. Given the variety of evidence-based HIV prevention strategies available and the significant resources required to implement each of them, comparative studies are needed to identify how to maximize the number of HIV cases prevented most economically.

Methods: A new model of HIV disease transmission was developed integrating information from a previously validated micro-simulation HIV disease progression model. Specification and parameterization of the model and its inputs, including the intervention portfolio, intervention effects and costs were conducted through a collaborative process between the academic modeling …

Controlled Attention And Sleep Deprivation: Adding A Self-Regulation Approach?, June J. Pilcher, Holly A. Geldhauser, J. Adam Beeco, Tracy A. Lindquist

Publications

The current study examined performance on an automated task battery under short-term sleep deprivation and non-sleep deprivation conditions. Twenty-six volunteers completed the sleep deprivation study. Twenty-three volunteers completed the non-sleep deprivation study. Performance was examined across five test sessions during 25 hours of acute sleep deprivation conditions and during two days of non-sleep deprivation conditions. ANOVAs examining changes in performance from baseline levels indicated that performance under sleep deprivation conditions resulted in a decrease in performance in some tasks and an increase in estimated blood alcohol concentration. Non-sleep deprivation resulted in stable or increasing performance and a decrease in estimated …

Submitting For Dollars: Playing The Funding Game To Promote Transcultural Nursing, Roxanne Amerson

Publications

Research requires funding, and every researcher understands the crucial role that money plays in implementing a research study. Research in the nursing field is no different. In the current economic environment, funding sources have become limited and researchers need to be prepared to submit grant proposals which will give them a competitive edge over other grant proposals. This paper will describe the development of a grant proposal for National Institutes of Health funding and provide suggestions to novice researchers about how to write a proposal that has the potential to receive a fundable score. The team of early stage investigators …

Contributing To Family Health Using A Promotora Program In Guatamala, Roxanne Amerson

Publications

Pneumonia and diarrhea can be addressed with early detection and education, yet low rates of literacy and high rates of poverty impact the ability of parents in rural Guatemala to recognize and seek treatment for their children. This article describes the health promotion program implemented to address these and other common health problems in one isolated community. A promotora program utilizes informal, indigenous leaders within the community to promote health in Latino populations. Developing a health education program based on the promotora concept empowered the women of the community by giving them the knowledge and skills to improve the health …

I Remember - Memories Of An Academic Neophyte, June J. Pilcher

Publications

This past year, Alumni Distinguished Professor of Psychology June Pilcher spent six months in Austria as a Fulbright-Freud Scholar, researching, teaching, training and traveling. It was a marvelous experience for her, and one that she pursued in part because of another Fulbright award almost 30 years ago. Clemson World asked her to share her reflections.

The Influence Of International Service-Learning On Transcultural Self-Efficacy In Baccalaureate Nursing Graduates And Their Subsequent Practice, Roxanne Amerson

Publications

The purpose of this study was to explain how participation in an international service-learning project during a community health course influenced transcultural self-efficacy of baccalaureate nursing graduates following graduation and their subsequent clinical practice. A qualitative, explanatory case study was used to conduct telephone interviews with 14 nursing graduates, who had previously participated in international trips to Ecuador or Guatemala. A constant comparative analysis revealed themes related to increased self-efficacy in the cognitive, practical, and affective learning dimensions of cultural competence. Additional themes focused on the importance of experiential learning, the provision of culturally congruent care, and a commitment to …

A Mission Of Hope In Ecuador, Roxanne Amerson

Publications

For many college students, spring break means hanging outon the beach and partying with their friends. For ninesenior Clemson nursing students, the spring break of 2008 will be remembered as one with lots of hard work, long hours of travel and service to others. The nursing students tookpart in a medical mission in several rural villages near Macas, Ecuador, through a partnership with Volunteers in Medical Missions. The students received academic credit for the clinical component of community health nursing. Community health nursing utilizes service-learning as a pedagogy for teaching community care, social justice and cultural competence. While all students …

Impact Of Haemophilus Influenzae Type B Conjugate Vaccine On Bacterial Meningitis In The Dominican Republic, Ellen H. Lee, Miriam Corcino, Arelis Moore De Peralta, Zacarias Garib, Chabela Peña, Jacquelin Sánchez, Josefina Fernández, Jesús M. Feris-Iglesias, Brendan Flannery

Publications

OBJECTIVES:

Widespread use of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccines has dramatically reduced the burden of Hib disease throughout the Americas. Few studies have evaluated the impact of Hib vaccination on non-culture-confirmed disease. This study analyzed trends in probable bacterial meningitis before and after the introduction of Hib vaccine in the Dominican Republic and estimated vaccine effectiveness against Hib meningitis.

METHODS:

Meningitis cases among children < 5 years of age were identified from admission records of the main pediatric hospital in Santo Domingo during 1998-2004. Laboratory criteria were used to classify meningitis cases with probable bacterial etiology; confirmed cases had positive bacterial culture or antigen detection in cerebrospinal fluid. Cumulative incidence rates of confirmed and probable bacterial meningitis were calculated for children living in the National District. Confirmed cases of Hib meningitis were enrolled in a case-control study with age- and neighborhood-matched control children to calculate vaccine effectiveness.

RESULTS:

Before vaccine introduction, annual rates of meningitis with probable bacterial etiology were 49 cases per 100 000 children < 5 years old; Hib accounted for 60% of confirmed bacterial cases. During 2002-2004, after vaccine introduction, annual rates of probable bacterial meningitis were 65% lower at 16 cases per 100 000, and Hib accounted for 26% of confirmed cases. Rates of Hib meningitis and probable bacterial meningitis with no determined etiology declined by 13 and 17 cases per 100 000, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Introduction of Hib vaccine substantially reduced the incidence of confirmed and probable bacterial meningitis in …

Stress And Fatigue In Foreign Language Professionals: Implications For Global Security, James A. Mccubbin, June J. Pilcher, Thomas W. Britt, Thomas Wallsten

Publications

Information critical to the security of nations is embedded in an array of foreign languages. Foreign language professionals must often analyze complex information from different language sources, and the integrity of their analyses can significantly affect corporate and government decision-making, policy development, and response to world events. Psychological stress and fatigue can degrade the performance of foreign language professionals resulting in errors that may adversely affect security. Optimal design of work organization and work environments, individual stress management training, and augmented cognitive linguistics may facilitate the performance of foreign language professionals. Strategic assessment and management of stress and fatigue in …