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Articles 1 - 13 of 13
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Improved Detection By Ensemble-Decision Aliquot Ranking Of Circulating Tumor Cells With Low Numbers Of A Targeted Surface Antigen, Eleanor S. Johnson, Robbyn K. Anand, Daniel T. Chiu
Improved Detection By Ensemble-Decision Aliquot Ranking Of Circulating Tumor Cells With Low Numbers Of A Targeted Surface Antigen, Eleanor S. Johnson, Robbyn K. Anand, Daniel T. Chiu
Robbyn Anand
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are shed from a solid tumor into the bloodstream and can seed new metastases. CTCs hold promise for cancer diagnosis and prognosis and to increase our understanding of the metastatic process. However, their low numbers in blood and varied phenotypic characteristics make their detection and isolation difficult. One source of heterogeneity among CTCs is molecular: When they leave the primary tumor, these cells must undergo a molecular transition, which increases their mobility and chance of survival in the blood. During this molecular transition, the cells lose some of their epithelial character, which is manifested by the …
The Plasmodium Bottleneck: Malaria Parasite Losses In The Mosquito Vector, Ryan C. Smith, Joel Vega-Rodríguez, Marcelo Jacobs-Lorena
The Plasmodium Bottleneck: Malaria Parasite Losses In The Mosquito Vector, Ryan C. Smith, Joel Vega-Rodríguez, Marcelo Jacobs-Lorena
Ryan C. Smith
Nearly one million people are killed every year by the malaria parasite Plasmodium. Although the disease-causing forms of the parasite exist only in the human blood, mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles are the obligate vector for transmission. Here, we review the parasite life cycle in the vector and highlight the human and mosquito contributions that limit malaria parasite development in the mosquito host. We address parasite killing in its mosquito host and bottlenecks in parasite numbers that might guide intervention strategies to prevent transmission.
Linking Social Environment And Stress Physiology In Feral Mares (Equus Caballus): Group Transfers Elevate Fecal Cortisol Levels, Cassandra M.V. Nuñez, James S. Adelman, Jessica Smith, Laurence R. Gesquiere, Daniel I. Rubenstein
Linking Social Environment And Stress Physiology In Feral Mares (Equus Caballus): Group Transfers Elevate Fecal Cortisol Levels, Cassandra M.V. Nuñez, James S. Adelman, Jessica Smith, Laurence R. Gesquiere, Daniel I. Rubenstein
Cassandra M.V. Nuñez
Feral horses (Equus caballus) have a complex social structure, the stability of which is important to their overall health. Behavioral and demographic research has shown that decreases in group (or band) stability reduce female fitness, but the potential effects on the physiological stress response have not been demonstrated. To fully understand how band stability affects group-member fitness, we need to understand not only behavioral and demographic, but also physiological consequences of decreases to that stability. We studied group changes in feral mares (an activity that induces instability, including both male and female aggression) on Shackleford Banks, NC. We found that …
New Generation Of Ensemble-Decision Aliquot Ranking Based On Simplified Microfluidic Components For Large-Capacity Trapping Of Circulating Tumor Cells, Mengxia Zhao, Wyatt C. Nelson, Bingchuan Wei, Perry G. Schiro, Bejan M. Hakimi, Eleanor S. Johnson, Robbyn K. Anand, Grace S. Gyurkey, Lisa M. White, Samuel H. Whiting, Andrew L. Coveler, Daniel T. Chiu
New Generation Of Ensemble-Decision Aliquot Ranking Based On Simplified Microfluidic Components For Large-Capacity Trapping Of Circulating Tumor Cells, Mengxia Zhao, Wyatt C. Nelson, Bingchuan Wei, Perry G. Schiro, Bejan M. Hakimi, Eleanor S. Johnson, Robbyn K. Anand, Grace S. Gyurkey, Lisa M. White, Samuel H. Whiting, Andrew L. Coveler, Daniel T. Chiu
Robbyn Anand
Ensemble-decision aliquot ranking (eDAR) is a sensitive and high-throughput method to analyze circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood. Here, we report the next generation of eDAR, where we designed and optimized a new hydrodynamic switching scheme for the active sorting step in eDAR, which provided fast cell sorting with an improved reproducibility and stability. The microfluidic chip was also simplified by incorporating a functional area for subsequent purification using microslits fabricated by standard lithography method. Using the reported second generation of eDAR, we were able to analyze 1 mL of whole-blood samples in 12.5 min, with a 95% recovery …
Bean And Rice Meals Reduce Postprandial Glycemic Response In Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Over Study, Sharon V. Thompson, Donna M. Winham, Andrea M. Hutchins
Bean And Rice Meals Reduce Postprandial Glycemic Response In Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Over Study, Sharon V. Thompson, Donna M. Winham, Andrea M. Hutchins
Donna Winham
Background: Around the world, beans and rice are commonly consumed together as a meal. With type 2 diabetes increasing, the effect of this traditional diet pattern on glycemic response has not been studied fully. Methods: We evaluated the glycemic response of bean and rice traditional meals compared to rice alone in adults with type 2 diabetes. Seventeen men and women with type 2 diabetes controlled by metformin (n = 14) or diet/exercise (n=3) aged 35–70 years participated in the randomized 4 × 4 crossover trial. The white long grain rice control, pinto beans/rice, black beans/rice, red kidney beans/rice test meals, …
Quantitative Normative Gait Data In A Large Cohort Of Ambulatory Persons With Parkinson’S Disease, Chris J. Hass, Paul Malczak, Joe Nocera, Elizabeth L. Stegemoller, Aparna Wagle Shukala, Irene Malaty, Charles E. Jacobson Iv, Michael S. Okun, Nick Mcfarland
Quantitative Normative Gait Data In A Large Cohort Of Ambulatory Persons With Parkinson’S Disease, Chris J. Hass, Paul Malczak, Joe Nocera, Elizabeth L. Stegemoller, Aparna Wagle Shukala, Irene Malaty, Charles E. Jacobson Iv, Michael S. Okun, Nick Mcfarland
Elizabeth L. Stegemoller
Background: Gait performance is widely evaluated to assess health status in older adult populations. While several investigators have presented normative values for spatiotemporal gait parameters drawn from older adult populations, the literature has been void of large-scale cohort studies, which are needed in order to provide quantitative, normative gait data in persons with Parkinson’s disease. The aim of this investigation was to provide reference values for clinically important gait characteristics in a large sample of ambulatory persons with Parkinson’s disease to aid both clinicians and researchers in their evaluations and treatments of gait impairment. Methodology/Principal Findings: Gait performance was collected …
Perceptions Of Flatulence From Bean Consumption Among Adults In 3 Feeding Studies, Donna M. Winham, Andrea M. Hutchins
Perceptions Of Flatulence From Bean Consumption Among Adults In 3 Feeding Studies, Donna M. Winham, Andrea M. Hutchins
Donna Winham
Background: Many consumers avoid eating beans because they believe legume consumption will cause excessive intestinal gas or flatulence. An increasing body of research and the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans supports the benefits of a plant-based diet, and legumes specifically, in the reduction of chronic disease risks. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the perception of increased flatulence and gastrointestinal discomfort among participants who consumed a ½ cup of beans daily for 8 or 12 weeks. Methods: Participants in three studies to test the effects of beans on heart disease biomarkers completed the same weekly questionnaire to …
Optimal Dynamic Policies For Influenza Management, Michael Ludkovski, Jarad Niemi
Optimal Dynamic Policies For Influenza Management, Michael Ludkovski, Jarad Niemi
Jarad Niemi
Management policies for influenza outbreaks balance the expected morbidity and mortality costs versus the cost of intervention policies. We present a methodology for dynamic determination of optimal policies in a completely observed stochastic compartmental model with parameter uncertainty. Our approach is simulation-based and searches the full set of sequential control strategies. For each time point, it generates a policy map describing the optimal intervention to implement as a function of outbreak state and Bayesian parameter posteriors. As a running example, we study a stochastic SIR model with isolation and vaccination as two possible interventions. Numerical simulations based on a classic …
30-Month Post-Breast Cancer Treatment Lymphoedema, Jane M. Armer, Bob R. Stewart, Robin Shook
30-Month Post-Breast Cancer Treatment Lymphoedema, Jane M. Armer, Bob R. Stewart, Robin Shook
Robin Shook
Background—Quantification of lymphoedema (LE) has been problematic, and the reported incidence of LE varies greatly among women treated with surgery and radiation for breast cancer. Aims—This study aims to describe LE occurrence over time among breast cancer survivors using four diagnostic criteria based on three measurement techniques. Methods—Limb volume and symptom assessment data were followed after surgery every three months for 12 months, then every six months for 30 months. Limb volume changes (LVC) were measured by circumferences and by perometry, and by symptom experience via interview. Standard survival analysis methods identified when the criteria indicating LE were met. Results—Trends …
In Vivo Ultrasonic Attenuation Slope Estimates For Detecting Cervical Ripening In Rats: Preliminary Results, Timothy A. Bigelow, Barbara L. Mcfarlin, William D. O'Brien Jr., Michael L. Oelze
In Vivo Ultrasonic Attenuation Slope Estimates For Detecting Cervical Ripening In Rats: Preliminary Results, Timothy A. Bigelow, Barbara L. Mcfarlin, William D. O'Brien Jr., Michael L. Oelze
Timothy A. Bigelow
To effectively postpone preterm birth, cervical ripening needs to be detected and delayed. As the cervix ripens, the spacing between the collagen fibers increases and fills with water, hyaluronan, decorin, and enzymes suggesting that the ultrasonic attenuation of the cervix should decrease. The decrease in ultrasonic attenuation may be detectable, leading to an effective means of detecting cervical ripening. Herein, the traditional attenuation slope-estimation algorithm based on measuring the downshift in center frequency of the ultrasonic backscattered signal with propagation depth was modified and applied to the cervix of rats. The modified algorithm was verified using computer simulations and an …
Reducing Respiratory Artifacts In Chest Mr Images Through Hybrid Space Motion Tracking And Postprocessing, John N. Campbell, Wesley E. Snyder, Peter Santago Ii, Sarah A. Rajala, Craig A. Hamilton
Reducing Respiratory Artifacts In Chest Mr Images Through Hybrid Space Motion Tracking And Postprocessing, John N. Campbell, Wesley E. Snyder, Peter Santago Ii, Sarah A. Rajala, Craig A. Hamilton
Sarah A. Rajala
A new postprocessing method of correcting for respiratory motion induced artifacts in MRI is presented. The motion of the chest during respiration is modeled as a combination of translation and dilation. Displacements of the chest wall are tracked via a thin, MR-sensitive plate placed on the patient's chest during a scan. Scanning with phase encoding left/right (L/R) and frequency encoding anterior/posterior (A/P) causes the motion artifacts to be repeated in the L/R direction, thus not overlapping on the plate. By performing the inverse A/P Fourier transform, the resulting hybrid space data has A/P spatial data and L/R spatial frequency data, …
Biochemical And Immunochemical Comparison Of Africanized And European Honeybee Venoms, D. R. Nelson, Anita M. Collins, Richard L. Hellmich, R. T. Jones, R. M. Helm, D. L. Squillace, J. W. Yunginger
Biochemical And Immunochemical Comparison Of Africanized And European Honeybee Venoms, D. R. Nelson, Anita M. Collins, Richard L. Hellmich, R. T. Jones, R. M. Helm, D. L. Squillace, J. W. Yunginger
Richard L Hellmich
Africanized honeybees (HBs) pose a hazard to both normal and sting-sensitive subjects in certain areas of Central and South America, and it is predicted that they will soon be present in the southern United States as well. Using an electrical stimulation device, we collected Africanized HB venom (AHV) in Venezuela and European HB venom (EHV) in Louisiana. These venoms, along with commercial European HB venom (CHV), were compared by thin-layer isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The Coomassie brilliant blue and silver-stained banding patterns of AHV and EHV were essentially identical to CHV. Western blots were prepared …
Oral Contraceptives And Fat Patterning In Young Adult Women, Ruth E. Litchfield, Katharine K. Grunewald
Oral Contraceptives And Fat Patterning In Young Adult Women, Ruth E. Litchfield, Katharine K. Grunewald
Ruth E. Litchfield
. Ninety white nulliparous young women (18-26 years of age) participated in a double-blind study designed to compare fat patterning and other physical measurements in oral contraceptive (OCA) users and non- users. Oral contraceptive users (N = 30) and non-users (N = 60) were matched on a 1:2 basis for height and weight. The OCA users and non- users had similar circumference and skinfold measurements, except that OCA users had larger axilla skinfold measurements. Progestational activity of the oral contraceptives was not associated with any measurements taken. However, estrogenic activity was positively correlated with measured body weight, body mass index, …