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Using Biodiversity Data To Assess Species--Habitat Relationships In Glacier National Park, Montana, Diane M. Debinski, Peter F. Brussard

Diane M. Debinski

Biodiversity surveys are becoming increasingly popular. However, standard analysis techniques for these data have not yet been developed. This paper explores the use of multivariate ordination techniques for assessing species—habitat relationships using biodiversity data. The research was conducted in Glacier National Park, Montana, and birds and butterflies were chosen as the taxonomic groups of study. Biodiversity assessment sites were established throughout a range of habitats and monitored from 1987 through 1989. Presence/absence sampling over the total number of sampling sites was used to classify species commonness and rarity. Approximately 86% of the historically recorded butterflies and 70% of the historically …

Molecular Genetic Analysis Of Terminal Steps In Bacteriochlorophyll A Biosynthesis: Characterization Of A Rhodobacter Capsulatus Strain That Synthesizes Geranylgeranoil-Esterified Bacteriochlorophyll A, David Bollivar, Shaojie Wang, James P. Allen, Carl E. Bauer

David Bollivar

Site-directed mutational analysis of the Rhodobacter capsulatus photosynthesis gene cluster was undertaken in order to identify and characterize genetic loci involved in bacteriochlorophyll a biosynthesis. A mutant in orf304 was shown to accumulate the tetrapyrrole intermediate "bacteriochlorophyllide a" which is a tetrapyrrole that has a bacteriochlorophyll a ring structure without the presence of an esterifying alcohol. A mutant in orf391 is shown to synthesize acteriochlorophyll a that is esterified with geranylgeraniol rather than the normal phytol. This latter result provides the first genetic confirmation that esterification of bacteriochlorophyllide a initially involves the addition of a geranylgeraniol group followed by sequential …

Effect Of Charged Residue Substitutions On The Membrane-Interactive Properties Of Signal Sequences Of The Escherichia Coli Lamb Protein., Jeffrey D. Jones, Lila Gierasch

Lila Gierasch

Although the central role of the signal sequence in protein export is well established, the molecular details underlying signal sequence in vivo function remain unclear. As part of our continuing effort to relate signal sequence phenotypes to specific biophysical properties, we have carried out an extensive characterization of the secondary structure and lipid interactions for a family of peptides corresponding to the wild-type E. coli LamB signal sequence, and mutants that harbor charged residue point mutations in the hydrophobic core region. We used membrane-resident fluorescence quenching according to the parallax method to determine the relative depth of insertion of tryptophan-labeled …

Effect Of Charged Residue Substitutions On The Thermodynamics Of Signal Peptide-Lipid Interactions For The Escherichia Coli Lamb Signal Sequence., Jeffrey D. Jones, Lila Gierasch

Lila Gierasch

We have used tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize the binding affinities of an Escherichia coli LamB signal peptide family for lipid vesicles. These peptides harbor charged residue substitutions in the hydrophobic core region. Titrations of peptides with vesicles composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-3-phosphoglycerol (65:35 mol%), in conjunction with evaluation of peptide dissociation rates from these vesicles, were used to determine binding parameters quantitatively. We find that under low ionic strength conditions, point mutations introducing negatively charged aspartate residues substantially reduce peptide affinity relative to the wild-type peptide. However, the difference between wild-type and mutant peptide affinities was much lower under …

Experimental Culture And Particle Filtration By Asian Moon Scallops, Amusium Pleuronectes, Michael A. Rice, Robert B. Rheault, Miguel S. Perez, Vicente S. Perez

Michael A Rice

Growth rates were determined for scallops (35-75 mm valve height) held in pocket nets and lantern nets at varying densities. The Ford-Walford linear transformation of the von Bertalanffy growth equation was used to allow quantification of food-limited stunting. Pocket nets allowed for greater growth of scallops than did the lantern nets at all stocking densities. The growth rates of scallops in pocket nets, nevertheless, were well below the growth of scallops in the wild. Clearance rates of Caribbean strains of Isochrysis galbana (C-ISO) and Chaetocerous gracilus (C-Cg) were determined for moon scallops. Amusin pleuronectes, in static chambers at 28ºC. The …

Https://Www.Foodiespanda.Com/Keto-Fire/, Keto Fire Diet707

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Factors Affecting The Abundance Of Juvenile Fish Species On A Temperate Artificial Reef, Daniel Pondella, John Stephens

Daniel Pondella

In contrast to most artificial reefs which are placed at relatively deep depths so as not to interfere with shipping, rocky breakwaters provide important habitat in the intertidal-shallow subtidal zone. This zone is especially preferred for recruitment by many rocky shore fishes. The breakwaters of King Harbor, Redondo Beach, California enhance this zone. Further, the lee of the outer breakwater provides a stable, quiet water area for numerous Young-of-Year (YOY) fishes. By means of SCUBA we monitored YOY abundance from 1986-1990. During these five years there were dramatic natural and anthropogenic disturbances of the habitat. With little inter-annual variation of …

Heterologous Expression Of The Bchm Gene Product From Rhodobacter Capsulatus And Demonstration That It Encodes S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine: Mg-Protoporhyrin Ix Methyltransferase, David Bollivar, Ze-Yu Jiang, Carl E. Bauer, Samuel I. Beale

David Bollivar

The bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis gene, bchM, from Rlodobacter capsulatus was previously believed to code for a polypeptide involved in formation of the cyclopentone ring of protochlorophyllide from Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester. In this study, R. capsulatus bchM was expressed in Escherichia coli and the gene product was subsequently demonstrated by enzymatic analysis to catalyze methylation of Mg-protoporphyrin IX to form Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester. Activity required the substrates Mg-protoporphyrin IX and S-adenosyl-L-methionine. 14C-labeled product was formed in incubations containing 14C-methyl-labeled S-adenosyl-L-methionine. On the basis of these and previous results, we also conclude that the bchH gene, which was previously reported to …

Intrapopulation Variation In Hatching Synchrony In House Wrens: Test Of The Individual-Optimization Hypothesis, Given Harper, Steven A. Juliano, Charles F. Thompson

Given Harper

A Nuclear Juvenile Hormone-Binding Protein From Larvae Of Manduca Sexta: A Putative Receptor For The Metamorphic Action Of Juvenile Hormone, Subba R. Palli, Kazushige Touhara, Jean-Philippe Charles, Bryony C. Bonning, Jeffrey K. Atkinson, Stephen C. Trowell, Kiyoshi Hiruma, Walter G. Goodman, Themis Kyriakides, Glenn D. Prestwich, Bruce D. Hammock, Lynn M. Ridiford

Bryony C. Bonning

A 29-kDa nuclear juvenile hormone (JH)-binding protein from the epidermis of Manduca sexta larvae was purified by using the photoaffinity analog for JH II ([3H]epoxyhomofarnesyldiazoacetate) and partially sequenced. A 1.1-kb cDNA was isolated by using degenerate oligonucleotide primers for PCR based on these sequences. The cDNA encoded a 262-amino acid protein that showed no similarity with other known proteins, except for short stretches of the interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein, rhodopsin, and human nuclear protein p68. Recombinant baculovirus containing this cDNA made a 29-kDa protein that was covalently modified by [3H]epoxyhomofarnesyldiazoacetate and specifically bound the natural enantiomer of JH I (Kd = …

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Reorganization Of Lipid Domain Structure In Membranes By A Transmembrane Peptide: An Esr Spin Label Study On The Effect Of The Escherichia Coli Outer Membrane Protein A Signal Peptide On The Fluid Lipid Domain Connectivity In Binary Mixtures Of Dimyristoyl Phosphatidylcholine And Distearoyl Phosphatidylcholine., M. B. Sankaram, D. Marsh, Lila Gierasch, T. E. Thompson

Lila Gierasch

The effect of a transmembrane peptide on the domain structure of a two-component, two-phase lipid bilayer composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and distearoyl phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) was examined by spin label electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The peptide, pOmpA, is the hydrophobic, 25-residue signal sequence of the outer membrane protein A from Escherichia coli. Nitroxide derivatives of the phospholipid DSPC, 16-DSPCSL, and of the pOmpA signal peptide, pOmpA-IASL, were used as probes. The first-derivative lineshapes of the ESR spectra were analyzed using a normalized intensity ratio, R, that gives information on the average sizes of the disconnected fluid domains and their …

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The Phosphate Transporter From Pea Mitochondria (Isolation And Characterization In Proteolipid Vesicles), Cecilia A. Mcintosh, David J. Oliver

David J. Oliver

The phosphate transporter from mitochondria will exchange matrix phosphate for cytosolic phosphate and facilitate either phosphate/proton symport or phosphate/hydroxyl ion antiport. The phosphate transported into the matrix by this carrier is either used for ATP synthesis or exchanges back out to the cytosol on the dicarboxylate transporter, permitting entry of malate and succinate into the matrix. The phosphate transporter was solubilized from etiolated pea (Pisum sativum L. cv Alaska) mitochondrial membranes with Triton X-114, purified approximately 500-fold by hydroxylapatite chromatography, and reconstituted into azolectin vesicles that were preloaded with 0.1 or 10 mM phosphate. Phosphate transport was measured as the …

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S-Thiolation Of Individual Human Neutrophil Proteins Including Actin By Stimulation Of The Respiratory Burst: Evidence Against A Role For Glutathione Disulfide, Yuh-Cherng Chai, S. Ashraf, R. Johnson, James Thomas

Yuh-Cherng Chai

Protein S-thiolation, a reversible modification of protein sulfhydryls resulting in formation of mixed-disulfides, was studied in human neutrophils stimulated with phorbol diester to produce superoxide anion. Rapid S-thiolation of several proteins was examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Glutathione was identified as the primary protein-bound thiol by HPLC chromatography, contributing considerably more than 85% of the total. Minor amounts of homocysteine and/or cysteine were also detected as protein-bound thiols. During the first 30 min after stimulation, 10% of the cellular glutathione became protein bound (2 nmol/mg of protein). There was no increase in glutathione disulfide suggesting that S-thiolation of …

Heterochronic Genes And The Temporal Control Of C. Elegans Development, Victor Ambros, Eric Moss

Victor R. Ambros

The heterochronic genes of Caenorhabditis elegans encode part of a regulatory system that controls the temporal component of cell fates in development. The genes have been characterized genetically and molecularly, and their study has so far revealed a genetic hierarchy that specifies sequences of developmental events, a novel RNA-mediated mechanism of gene regulation and a reprogramming phenomenon associated with arrested development.

Altering The Rna Binding Specificity Of A Translational Repressor, F Lim, Marc Spingola, D S. Peabody

Marc Spingola

A Transition From Agriculture To Regenerative Food Systems, Kenneth Dahlberg

Kenneth Dahlberg

Irreversible Steps In The Ferritin Synthesis Induction Pathway.., L. Linggoess, David Mascotti, M. Bhattacharyya-Pakrasi, H. Gang, R. Thach

David P. Mascotti

The ability of cells to re-repress ferritin synthesis after removal of an inducing agent (iron or heme) was investigated. Re-repression was found to be a slow process, requiring approximately 4 (after iron removal) to 10 h (after heme removal) for completion. Desferrioxamine mesylate (Desferal) had only a slight effect on the rate of re-repression, whereas cycloheximide was strongly inhibitory, indicating that new protein synthesis is required for re-repression. Re-repression occurred at a slow but significant rate in the presence of both Desferal and cycloheximide. These results indicate that, in the absence of an iron chelator, the induction of ferritin synthesis …

Multiple Modes Of Asexual Reproduction By Tropical And Subtropical Sea Star Larvae: An Unusual Adaptation For Genet Dispersal And Survival, William Jaeckle

William Jaeckle

Sea star larvae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), collected from the subtropical Northwest Atlantic Ocean, exhibited three distinct modes of asexual reproduction. A number of different bipinnariae and brachiolariae reproduced by paratomous cloning of the posterolateral arms. This morphogenesis was identical to that of larvae assignable to the genus Luidia. A second mode of asexual reproduction involves the autotomization of an anterior portion of the preoral lobe. Primary larvae with preoral lobes of varying sizes and free-swimming preoral lobes of various stages of morphological development were simultaneously collected. The free-swimming preoral lobes developed complete digestive systems and ultimately assumed the form of typical …

A Memorable Meeting, February 1994, Fathi Habashi

Fathi Habashi

Decision taken at the Steering Committee Meeting of the International Mineral Processing Congress in San Francisco February 1994 to name the IMPC Award.

Vegetation Response To Trampling In Five Native Plant Communities In The Wind River Range, Wyoming, Usa, Christopher Monz, D. N. Cole

Christopher Monz

No abstract provided.

The Soil Seed Pool Of Huffman Prairie, A Degraded Ohio Prairie, And Its Potential In Restoration, Scott J. Meiners, David L. Gorchov

Scott J. Meiners

The germinable seeds in the soil of a relict Ohio prairie were investigated to determine the composition and density of dicots of potential value in restoration. Soil samples were collected from three areas of the prairie with distinctive species compositions: swale, north upland, and south upland. Seed density and species composition were based on seedling emergence over 90 days. North upland and south upland samples yielded similar total seedling densities (5,902 and 5,109 m·2 ) while that of the swale was greater ( 15,262 m·2 ). Thirteen introduced and 18 native dicot species were present; seven of the latter were …

Flora Of An Unusually Diverse Old Growth Forest In The Southeastern Adirondacks, Gordon C. Tucker, Richard S. Mitchell

Gordon C. Tucker

A lowland, virgin white pine-hemlock stand and associated old-growth habitats were studied at Pack Forest Preserve, Warren County, NY. An area of 48.1 acres, interrupted only by nature trails, has white pines up to 58 inches in diameter, and supports 355 native plant species-an unexpectedly high number, considering its location in the climatically severe Adirondack Mountains. This minimally disturbed old-growth forest and its associated wetlands are not only diverse, but essentially weed-free, making them ideal for future ecological research, botanical teaching and monitoring activities.

Rates Of Energy Consumption And Acquisition By Lecithotrophic Larvae Of Bugula Neritina (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata), William Jaeckle

William Jaeckle

Lecithotrophic larvae of the cheilostome bryozoan, Bugula neritina (L.), lose metamorphic competence 12 to 24 h after release from the maternal zooid. The high respiration rate of newly released larvae (mean=306.3 pmol O2 larva-1 h-1, range= 149.3 to 466.6, n=18 trials, 22.5 °C) from adults collected at Link Port, Fort Pierce, Florida during the winter/spring of 1990-1991 reflects their active swimming behavior. The average energy con¬tent per larva was 15.24 mJ (range: 13.35 to 20.17 mJ ind-1, n=5 groups). If all cells have an identical energy content and metabolic rate, then 2 and 20% of the total en¬ergy content would …

Evaluation Of Plastic And Mylar Flagging As Repellents For Snow Geese (Chen Caerulescens), J. Russell Mason, Larry Clark

Larry Clark

The effectiveness of white flags, black flags and Mylar streamers as visual repellents to snow geese (Chen caerulescens) was evaluated. Five farms in Cumberland and Salem counties, New Jersey served as test sites. At each farm, four 10.12 ha fields were selected randomly, and then assigned to four treatment conditions: (a) white plastic flags (one flag per 0.4 ha); (b) black plastic flags (one flag per 0.4 ha), (c) Mylar streamers (one streamer per 0.4 ha); and (d) stakes only (one stake per 0.4 ha). From 2 December 1992 to 24 March 1993, vegetation samples and goose droppings were collected …

Laboratory Evaluation Of A Methyl Anthranilate Bead Formulation For Reducing Mallard Mortality And Feeding Behavior, John Cummings, Larry Clark, Patricia Pochop, James Davis

Larry Clark

This study tested a modified MA formulation that was encapsulated at 15% MA by weight in a food-grade material coated with a water-impermeable material. The MA formulation was evaluated in a simulated pond setting to determine the effects on feeding behavior of mallards.