Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research (27)
- Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research (18)
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University Departmental Research (1)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Theses and Dissertations (1)
- Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research (1)
- Publication Type
Articles 1 - 30 of 49
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Emerin Deficiency Drives Mcf7 Cells To An Invasive Phenotype, Emily Hansen, Christal Rolling, Matthew Wang, James M Holaska
Emerin Deficiency Drives Mcf7 Cells To An Invasive Phenotype, Emily Hansen, Christal Rolling, Matthew Wang, James M Holaska
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research
During metastasis, cancer cells traverse the vasculature by squeezing through very small gaps in the endothelium. Thus, nuclei in metastatic cancer cells must become more malleable to move through these gaps. Our lab showed invasive breast cancer cells have 50% less emerin protein resulting in smaller, misshapen nuclei, and higher metastasis rates than non-cancerous controls. Thus, emerin deficiency was predicted to cause increased nuclear compliance, cell migration, and metastasis. We tested this hypothesis by downregulating emerin in noninvasive MCF7 cells and found emerin knockdown causes smaller, dysmorphic nuclei, resulting in increased impeded cell migration. Emerin reduction in invasive breast cancer …
An Online Nanoinformatics Platform Empowering Computational Modeling Of Nanomaterials By Nanostructure Annotations And Machine Learning Toolkits., Tong Wang, Daniel P Russo, Philip Demokritou, Xuelian Jia, Heng Huang, Xinyu Yang, Hao Zhu
An Online Nanoinformatics Platform Empowering Computational Modeling Of Nanomaterials By Nanostructure Annotations And Machine Learning Toolkits., Tong Wang, Daniel P Russo, Philip Demokritou, Xuelian Jia, Heng Huang, Xinyu Yang, Hao Zhu
College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research
Modern nanotechnology has generated numerous datasets from in vitro and in vivo studies on nanomaterials, with some available on nanoinformatics portals. However, these existing databases lack the digital data and tools suitable for machine learning studies. Here, we report a nanoinformatics platform that accurately annotates nanostructures into machine-readable data files and provides modeling toolkits. This platform, accessible to the public at https://vinas-toolbox.com/, has annotated nanostructures of 14 material types. The associated nanodescriptor data and assay test results are appropriate for modeling purposes. The modeling toolkits enable data standardization, data visualization, and machine learning model development to predict properties and bioactivities …
Assessment Of Sexual Violence Risk Perception In Men Who Have Sex With Men: Proposal For The Development And Validation Of "G-Date"., D. J. Angelone, Damon Mitchell, Brooke Wells, Megan Korovich, Alexandra Nicoletti, Dustin Fife
Assessment Of Sexual Violence Risk Perception In Men Who Have Sex With Men: Proposal For The Development And Validation Of "G-Date"., D. J. Angelone, Damon Mitchell, Brooke Wells, Megan Korovich, Alexandra Nicoletti, Dustin Fife
College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research
BACKGROUND: Sexual violence (SV) is a significant problem for sexual minorities, including men who have sex with men (MSM). The limited research suggests SV is associated with a host of syndemic conditions. These factors tend to cluster and interact to worsen one another. Unfortunately, while much work has been conducted to examine these factors in heterosexual women, there is a lack of research examining MSM, especially their SV risk perception. Further, MSM are active users of dating and sexual networking (DSN) mobile apps, and this technology has demonstrated usefulness for creating safe spaces for MSM to meet and engage partners. …
In Search Of The Locus Coeruleus: Guidelines For Identifying Anatomical Boundaries And Electrophysiological Properties Of The Blue Spot In Mice, Fish, Finches, And Beyond, Amelien Vreven, Gary Aston-Jones, Anthony E Pickering, Gina R Poe, Barry Waterhouse, Nelson K Totah
In Search Of The Locus Coeruleus: Guidelines For Identifying Anatomical Boundaries And Electrophysiological Properties Of The Blue Spot In Mice, Fish, Finches, And Beyond, Amelien Vreven, Gary Aston-Jones, Anthony E Pickering, Gina R Poe, Barry Waterhouse, Nelson K Totah
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research
Our understanding of human brain function can be greatly aided by studying analogous brain structures in other organisms. One brain structure with neurochemical and anatomical homology throughout vertebrate species is the locus coeruleus (LC), a small collection of norepinephrine (NE)-containing neurons in the brainstem that project throughout the central nervous system. The LC is involved in nearly every aspect of brain function, including arousal and learning, which has been extensively examined in rats and nonhuman primates using single-unit recordings. Recent work has expanded into putative LC single-unit electrophysiological recordings in a nonmodel species, the zebra finch. Given the importance of …
A Homogeneous Time-Resolved Fluorescence Screen To Identify Sirt2 Deacetylase And Defatty-Acylase Inhibitors, Jie Yang, Joel Cassel, Brian C Boyle, Daniel Oppong, Young-Hoon Ahn, Brian P Weiser
A Homogeneous Time-Resolved Fluorescence Screen To Identify Sirt2 Deacetylase And Defatty-Acylase Inhibitors, Jie Yang, Joel Cassel, Brian C Boyle, Daniel Oppong, Young-Hoon Ahn, Brian P Weiser
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research
Human sirtuin-2 (SIRT2) has emerged as an attractive drug target for a variety of diseases. The enzyme is a deacylase that can remove chemically different acyl modifications from protein lysine residues. Here, we developed a high-throughput screen based on a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) binding assay to identify inhibitors of SIRT2's demyristoylase activity, which is uncommon among many ligands that only affect its deacetylase activity. From a test screen of 9600 compounds, we identified a small molecule that inhibited SIRT2's deacetylase activity (IC50 = 7 μM) as well as its demyristoylase activity (IC50 = 37 μM). The inhibitor was composed …
A Cocktail Nanovaccine Targeting Key Entry Glycoproteins Elicits High Neutralizing Antibody Levels Against Ebv Infection., Ling Zhong, Wanlin Zhang, Hong Liu, Xinyu Zhang, Zeyu Yang, Zhenfu Wen, Ling Chen, Haolin Chen, Yanran Luo, Yanhong Chen, Qisheng Feng, Mu-Sheng Zeng, Qinjian Zhao, Lixin Liu, Claude Krummenacher, Yi-Xin Zeng, Yongming Chen, Miao Xu, Xiao Zhang
A Cocktail Nanovaccine Targeting Key Entry Glycoproteins Elicits High Neutralizing Antibody Levels Against Ebv Infection., Ling Zhong, Wanlin Zhang, Hong Liu, Xinyu Zhang, Zeyu Yang, Zhenfu Wen, Ling Chen, Haolin Chen, Yanran Luo, Yanhong Chen, Qisheng Feng, Mu-Sheng Zeng, Qinjian Zhao, Lixin Liu, Claude Krummenacher, Yi-Xin Zeng, Yongming Chen, Miao Xu, Xiao Zhang
College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects more than 95% of adults worldwide and is closely associated with various malignancies. Considering the complex life cycle of EBV, developing vaccines targeting key entry glycoproteins to elicit robust and durable adaptive immune responses may provide better protection. EBV gHgL-, gB- and gp42-specific antibodies in healthy EBV carriers contributed to sera neutralizing abilities in vitro, indicating that they are potential antigen candidates. To enhance the immunogenicity of these antigens, we formulate three nanovaccines by co-delivering molecular adjuvants (CpG and MPLA) and antigens (gHgL, gB or gp42). These nanovaccines induce robust humoral and cellular responses through efficient …
Maackia Amurensis Seed Lectin (Masl) And Soluble Human Podoplanin (Shpdpn) Sequence Analysis And Effects On Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Oscc) Cell Migration And Viability, Ariel C Yin, Cayla J Holdcraft, Eamonn J Brace, Tyler J Hellmig, Sayan Basu, Saumil Parikh, Katarzyna Jachimowska, Evelyne Kalyoussef, Dylan Roden, Soly Baredes, Eugenio M Capitle, David I Suster, Alan J Shienbaum, Caifeng Zhao, Haiyan Zheng, Kevin Balcaen, Simon Devos, Jurgen Haustraete, Mahnaz Fatahzadeh, Gary S Goldberg
Maackia Amurensis Seed Lectin (Masl) And Soluble Human Podoplanin (Shpdpn) Sequence Analysis And Effects On Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Oscc) Cell Migration And Viability, Ariel C Yin, Cayla J Holdcraft, Eamonn J Brace, Tyler J Hellmig, Sayan Basu, Saumil Parikh, Katarzyna Jachimowska, Evelyne Kalyoussef, Dylan Roden, Soly Baredes, Eugenio M Capitle, David I Suster, Alan J Shienbaum, Caifeng Zhao, Haiyan Zheng, Kevin Balcaen, Simon Devos, Jurgen Haustraete, Mahnaz Fatahzadeh, Gary S Goldberg
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research
Maackia amurensis lectins serve as research and botanical agents that bind to sialic residues on proteins. For example, M. amurensis seed lectin (MASL) targets the sialic acid modified podoplanin (PDPN) receptor to suppress arthritic chondrocyte inflammation, and inhibit tumor cell growth and motility. However, M. amurensis lectin nomenclature and composition are not clearly defined. Here, we sought to definitively characterize MASL and its effects on tumor cell behavior. We utilized SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS to find that M. amurensis lectins can be divided into two groups. MASL is a member of one group which is composed of subunits that form dimers, …
Chronic Stress-Induced Neuroinflammation: Relevance Of Rodent Models To Human Disease., Abigail G White, Elias Elias, Andrea Orozco, Shivon A Robinson, Melissa T Manners
Chronic Stress-Induced Neuroinflammation: Relevance Of Rodent Models To Human Disease., Abigail G White, Elias Elias, Andrea Orozco, Shivon A Robinson, Melissa T Manners
College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research
The brain is the central organ of adaptation to stress because it perceives and determines threats that induce behavioral, physiological, and molecular responses. In humans, chronic stress manifests as an enduring consistent feeling of pressure and being overwhelmed for an extended duration. This can result in a persistent proinflammatory response in the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS), resulting in cellular, physiological, and behavioral effects. Compounding stressors may increase the risk of chronic-stress-induced inflammation, which can yield serious health consequences, including mental health disorders. This review summarizes the current knowledge surrounding the neuroinflammatory response in rodent models of chronic stress-a …
Comparing Cognitive Tests And Smartphone-Based Assessment In 2 Us Community-Based Cohorts., Ileana De Anda-Duran, Preeti Sunderaraman, Edward Searls, Shirine Moukaled, Xuanyi Jin, Zachary Popp, Cody Karjadi, Phillip H Hwang, Huitong Ding, Sherral Devine, Ludy C Shih, Spencer Low, Honghuang Lin, Vijaya B Kolachalama, Lydia Bazzano, David J Libon, Rhoda Au
Comparing Cognitive Tests And Smartphone-Based Assessment In 2 Us Community-Based Cohorts., Ileana De Anda-Duran, Preeti Sunderaraman, Edward Searls, Shirine Moukaled, Xuanyi Jin, Zachary Popp, Cody Karjadi, Phillip H Hwang, Huitong Ding, Sherral Devine, Ludy C Shih, Spencer Low, Honghuang Lin, Vijaya B Kolachalama, Lydia Bazzano, David J Libon, Rhoda Au
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research
BACKGROUND: Smartphone-based cognitive assessments have emerged as promising tools, bridging gaps in accessibility and reducing bias in Alzheimer disease and related dementia research. However, their congruence with traditional neuropsychological tests and usefulness in diverse cohorts remain underexplored.
METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 406 FHS (Framingham Heart Study) and 59 BHS (Bogalusa Heart Study) participants with traditional neuropsychological tests and digital assessments using the Defense Automated Neurocognitive Assessment (DANA) smartphone protocol were included. Regression models investigated associations between DANA task digital measures and a neuropsychological global cognitive
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that smartphone-based cognitive assessments exhibit concurrent validity with a …
Fused In Sarcoma Regulates Glutamate Signaling And Oxidative Stress Response, Chiong-Hee Wong, Abu Rahat, Howard C Chang
Fused In Sarcoma Regulates Glutamate Signaling And Oxidative Stress Response, Chiong-Hee Wong, Abu Rahat, Howard C Chang
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research
Mutations in fused in sarcoma (fust-1) are linked to ALS. However, how these ALS causative mutations alter physiological processes and lead to the onset of ALS remains largely unknown. By obtaining humanized fust-1 ALS mutations via CRISPR-CAS9, we generated a C. elegans ALS model. Homozygous fust-1 ALS mutant and fust-1 deletion animals are viable in C. elegans. This allows us to better characterize the molecular mechanisms of fust-1-dependent responses. We found FUST-1 plays a role in regulating superoxide dismutase, glutamate signaling, and oxidative stress. FUST-1 suppresses SOD-1 and VGLUT/EAT-4 in the nervous system. FUST-1 also regulates synaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptor …
Effects Of Dimerization On The Deacylase Activities Of Human Sirt2., Jie Yang, Nathan I Nicely, Brian P Weiser
Effects Of Dimerization On The Deacylase Activities Of Human Sirt2., Jie Yang, Nathan I Nicely, Brian P Weiser
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research
Human sirtuin isoform 2 (SIRT2) is an NAD+-dependent enzyme that functions as a lysine deacetylase and defatty-acylase. Here, we report that SIRT2 readily dimerizes in solution and in cells and that dimerization affects its ability to remove different acyl modifications from substrates. Dimerization of recombinant SIRT2 was revealed with analytical size exclusion chromatography and chemical cross-linking. Dimerized SIRT2 dissociates into monomers upon binding long fatty acylated substrates (decanoyl-, dodecanoyl-, and myristoyl-lysine). However, we did not observe dissociation of dimeric SIRT2 in the presence of acetyl-lysine. Analysis of X-ray crystal structures led us to discover a SIRT2 double mutant (Q142A/E340A) that …
Neutralizing Antibodies Against Ebv Gp42 Show Potent In Vivo Protection And Define Novel Epitopes, Qian Wu, Ling Zhong, Dongmei Wei, Wanlin Zhang, Junping Hong, Yinfeng Kang, Kaiyun Chen, Yang Huang, Qingbing Zheng, Miao Xu, Mu-Sheng Zeng, Yi-Xin Zeng, Ningshao Xia, Qinjian Zhao, Claude Krummenacher, Yixin Chen, Xiao Zhang
Neutralizing Antibodies Against Ebv Gp42 Show Potent In Vivo Protection And Define Novel Epitopes, Qian Wu, Ling Zhong, Dongmei Wei, Wanlin Zhang, Junping Hong, Yinfeng Kang, Kaiyun Chen, Yang Huang, Qingbing Zheng, Miao Xu, Mu-Sheng Zeng, Yi-Xin Zeng, Ningshao Xia, Qinjian Zhao, Claude Krummenacher, Yixin Chen, Xiao Zhang
College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the first reported human oncogenic virus and infects more than 95% of the human population worldwide. EBV latent infection in B lymphocytes is essential for viral persistence. Glycoprotein gp42 is an indispensable member of the triggering complex for EBV entry into B cells. The C-type lectin domain (CTLD) of gp42 plays a key role in receptor binding and is the major target of neutralizing antibodies. Here, we isolated two rabbit antibodies, 1A7 and 6G7, targeting gp42 CTLD with potent neutralizing activity against B cell infection. Antibody 6G7 efficiently protects humanized mice from lethal EBV challenge and …
Trehalose Enhances Mitochondria Deficits In Human Npc1 Mutant Fibroblasts But Disrupts Mouse Purkinje Cell Dendritic Growth Ex Vivo., Collin M Macleod, Fawad A K Yousufzai, Liam T Spencer, Sarah Kim, Lucianne A Rivera-Rosario, Zerian D Barrera, Lindsay Walsh, Claude Krummenacher, Benjamin Carone, Ileana Soto
Trehalose Enhances Mitochondria Deficits In Human Npc1 Mutant Fibroblasts But Disrupts Mouse Purkinje Cell Dendritic Growth Ex Vivo., Collin M Macleod, Fawad A K Yousufzai, Liam T Spencer, Sarah Kim, Lucianne A Rivera-Rosario, Zerian D Barrera, Lindsay Walsh, Claude Krummenacher, Benjamin Carone, Ileana Soto
College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research
Lysosomes play important roles in catabolism, nutrient sensing, metabolic signaling, and homeostasis. NPC1 deficiency disrupts lysosomal function by inducing cholesterol accumulation that leads to early neurodegeneration in Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease. Mitochondria pathology and deficits in NPC1 deficient cells are associated with impaired lysosomal proteolysis and metabolic signaling. It is thought that activation of the transcription factor TFEB, an inducer of lysosome biogenesis, restores lysosomal-autophagy activity in lysosomal storage disorders. Here, we investigated the effect of trehalose, a TFEB activator, in the mitochondria pathology of NPC1 mutant fibroblasts in vitro and in mouse developmental Purkinje cells ex vivo. We …
Bisphenol-A And Phthalate Metabolism In Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders, T Peter Stein, Margaret D Schluter, Robert A Steer, Xue Ming
Bisphenol-A And Phthalate Metabolism In Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders, T Peter Stein, Margaret D Schluter, Robert A Steer, Xue Ming
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research
BACKGROUND: The etiology of autism spectrum (ASD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity (ADHD) disorders are multifactorial. Epidemiological studies have shown associations with environmental pollutants, such as plasticizers. This study focused on two of these compounds, the Bisphenol-A (BPA) and Diethylhexyl Phthalate (DEHP). The major pathway for BPA and DEHP excretion is via glucuronidation. Glucuronidation makes insoluble substances more water-soluble allowing for their subsequent elimination in urine.
HYPOTHESIS: Detoxification of these two plasticizers is compromised in children with ASD and ADHD. Consequently, their tissues are more exposed to these two plasticizers.
METHODS: We measured the efficiency of glucuronidation in three groups of children, …
Sctiger: A Deep-Learning Method For Inferring Gene Regulatory Networks From Case Versus Control Scrna-Seq Datasets., Madison Dautle, Shaoqiang Zhang, Yong Chen
Sctiger: A Deep-Learning Method For Inferring Gene Regulatory Networks From Case Versus Control Scrna-Seq Datasets., Madison Dautle, Shaoqiang Zhang, Yong Chen
College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research
Inferring gene regulatory networks (GRNs) from single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data is an important computational question to find regulatory mechanisms involved in fundamental cellular processes. Although many computational methods have been designed to predict GRNs from scRNA-seq data, they usually have high false positive rates and none infer GRNs by directly using the paired datasets of case-versus-control experiments. Here we present a novel deep-learning-based method, named scTIGER, for GRN detection by using the co-differential relationships of gene expression profiles in paired scRNA-seq datasets. scTIGER employs cell-type-based pseudotiming, an attention-based convolutional neural network method and permutation-based significance testing for inferring GRNs among …
Research Personnel Exposure To Carbon Dioxide During Euthanasia Procedures, Devon Nealer, Felicia Reibstein, Jennifer Bendorf, Emily Lafferty, Stephanie Ramborger, Taylor Swift, Jacqueline O'Malley, Thomas Boyle
Research Personnel Exposure To Carbon Dioxide During Euthanasia Procedures, Devon Nealer, Felicia Reibstein, Jennifer Bendorf, Emily Lafferty, Stephanie Ramborger, Taylor Swift, Jacqueline O'Malley, Thomas Boyle
Rowan-Virtua Research Day
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a commonly used euthanasia agent in animal facilities. This procedure is carried out by replacing oxygen with carbon dioxide in animal cages, thus providing a quick and painless method of euthanasia. Unfortunately, there has been limited research on the potential effects of human exposure to CO2 during euthanasia procedures.
Following a previous carbon dioxide exposure study in the vivarium at Rowan SOM in 2016, the CO2 cylinders and euthanasia chambers have been relocated to room 153 Science Center and the vivarium has adopted a localized exhaust that helps remove the contaminant at the source.
While the …
Ultrasound-Assisted Air-Jet Spinning Of Silk Fibroin-Soy Protein Nanofiber Composite Biomaterials., Futian Yang, Fang Wang, Janine Mazahreh, Xiao Hu
Ultrasound-Assisted Air-Jet Spinning Of Silk Fibroin-Soy Protein Nanofiber Composite Biomaterials., Futian Yang, Fang Wang, Janine Mazahreh, Xiao Hu
College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research
Ultrasound utilizes a non-radiation technology that can meet modern standards to gain access to cheap, reliable and sustainable modern energy. Ultrasound technology can be implemented in the field of biomaterials for its exceptional potential in controlling the shape of nanomaterials. This study presents the first example of the production of soy and silk fibroin protein composite nanofibers in various ratios via combining ultrasonic technology with air-spray spinning. Characterization of ultrasonic spun nanofibers was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, water contact angle, water retention, enzymatic …
Dpc29 Promotes Post-Initiation Mitochondrial Translation In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Kyle A. Hubble, Michael F. Henry
Dpc29 Promotes Post-Initiation Mitochondrial Translation In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Kyle A. Hubble, Michael F. Henry
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research
Mitochondrial ribosomes synthesize essential components of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system in a tightly regulated process. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mitochondrial mRNAs require specific translational activators, which orchestrate protein synthesis by recognition of their target gene's 5'-untranslated region (UTR). Most of these yeast genes lack orthologues in mammals, and only one such gene-specific translational activator has been proposed in humans-TACO1. The mechanism by which TACO1 acts is unclear because mammalian mitochondrial mRNAs do not have significant 5'-UTRs, and therefore must promote translation by alternative mechanisms. In this study, we examined the role of the TACO1 orthologue in yeast. We …
Kif6 Trp719arg Genetic Variant Increases Risk For Thoracic Aortic Dissection, Juan J Velasco, Yupeng Li, Bulat A Ziganshin, Mohammad A Zafar, John A Rizzo, Deqiong Ma, Hui Zang, Asanish Kalyanasundaram, John A Elefteriades
Kif6 Trp719arg Genetic Variant Increases Risk For Thoracic Aortic Dissection, Juan J Velasco, Yupeng Li, Bulat A Ziganshin, Mohammad A Zafar, John A Rizzo, Deqiong Ma, Hui Zang, Asanish Kalyanasundaram, John A Elefteriades
College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research
Background: KIF6 (kinesin family member 6), a protein coded by the KIF6 gene, serves an important intracellular function to transport organelles along microtubules. In a pilot study, we found that a common KIF6 Trp719Arg variant increased the propensity of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) to suffer dissection (AD). The present study aims for a definite investigation of the predictive ability of KIF6 719Arg vis à vis AD. Confirmatory findings would enhance natural history prediction in TAA. Methods: 1108 subjects (899 aneurysm and 209 dissection patients) had KIF6 719Arg variant status determined. Results: The 719Arg variant in the KIF6 gene correlated strongly …
Dpc29 Promotes Mitochondrial Translation Post-Initation In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Kyle Andrew Hubble
Dpc29 Promotes Mitochondrial Translation Post-Initation In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Kyle Andrew Hubble
Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Theses and Dissertations
Although the cytosolic and bacterial translation systems are well studied, much less is known about translation in mitochondria. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mitochondrial gene expression is predominately regulated by translational activators. These regulators are thought to promote translation by binding the elongated 5’-UTRs on their target mRNAs. Since mammalian mitochondrial mRNAs generally lack 5’-UTRs, they must regulate translation by other mechanisms. As expected, most yeast translational activators lack orthologues in mammals. Recently, a mitochondrial gene-specific translational activator, TACO1, was reported in mice and humans. To better define its role in mitochondrial translation I examined the yeast TACO1 orthologue, DPC29. …
Discovering New Potential Inhibitors To Sars-Cov-2 Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase (Rdrp) Using High Throughput Virtual Screening And Molecular Dynamics Simulations., Dylan Brunt, Phillip M Lakernick, Chun Wu
Discovering New Potential Inhibitors To Sars-Cov-2 Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase (Rdrp) Using High Throughput Virtual Screening And Molecular Dynamics Simulations., Dylan Brunt, Phillip M Lakernick, Chun Wu
College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research
RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), is an essential in the RNA replication within the life cycle of the severely acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing the deadly respiratory induced sickness COVID-19. Remdesivir is a prodrug that has seen some success in inhibiting this enzyme, however there is still the pressing need for effective alternatives. In this study, we present the discovery of four non-nucleoside small molecules that bind favorably to SARS-CoV-2 RdRp over the active form of the popular drug remdesivir (RTP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by utilizing high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS) against the vast ZINC compound database coupled with extensive …
Deciphering Hierarchical Organization Of Topologically Associated Domains Through Change-Point Testing., Haipeng Xing, Yingru Wu, Michael Q Zhang, Yong Chen
Deciphering Hierarchical Organization Of Topologically Associated Domains Through Change-Point Testing., Haipeng Xing, Yingru Wu, Michael Q Zhang, Yong Chen
College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research
BACKGROUND: The nucleus of eukaryotic cells spatially packages chromosomes into a hierarchical and distinct segregation that plays critical roles in maintaining transcription regulation. High-throughput methods of chromosome conformation capture, such as Hi-C, have revealed topologically associating domains (TADs) that are defined by biased chromatin interactions within them.
RESULTS: We introduce a novel method, HiCKey, to decipher hierarchical TAD structures in Hi-C data and compare them across samples. We first derive a generalized likelihood-ratio (GLR) test for detecting change-points in an interaction matrix that follows a negative binomial distribution or general mixture distribution. We then employ several optimal search strategies to …
Bone-Loading Physical Activity And Alcohol Intake But Not Bmi Affect Areal Bone Mineral Density In Young College-Aged Korean Women: A Cross-Sectional Study., Dong Jun Sung, Harshvardhan Singh, Seung-Bum Oh, Sojung Kim
Bone-Loading Physical Activity And Alcohol Intake But Not Bmi Affect Areal Bone Mineral Density In Young College-Aged Korean Women: A Cross-Sectional Study., Dong Jun Sung, Harshvardhan Singh, Seung-Bum Oh, Sojung Kim
College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the differences in areal bone mineral density (aBMD) based on alcohol consumption behaviors, bone-loading history as assessed by a bone-specific physical activity questionnaire (BPAQ), and the body mass index (BMI). College-aged female students (N = 112) were recruited from the universities in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, South Korea. The aBMD of the lumbar spine and non-dominant side of the proximal femur (total hip, TH; femoral neck, FN; femoral trochanter, FT) were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Alcohol consumption was determined by the frequency and amount of alcohol intake during …
Fishermp: Fully Parallel Algorithm For Detecting Combinatorial Motifs From Large Chip-Seq Datasets., Shaoqiang Zhang, Ying Liang, Xiangyun Wang, Zhengchang Su, Yong Chen
Fishermp: Fully Parallel Algorithm For Detecting Combinatorial Motifs From Large Chip-Seq Datasets., Shaoqiang Zhang, Ying Liang, Xiangyun Wang, Zhengchang Su, Yong Chen
College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research
Detecting binding motifs of combinatorial transcription factors (TFs) from chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) experiments is an important and challenging computational problem for understanding gene regulations. Although a number of motif-finding algorithms have been presented, most are either time consuming or have sub-optimal accuracy for processing large-scale datasets. In this article, we present a fully parallelized algorithm for detecting combinatorial motifs from ChIP-seq datasets by using Fisher combined method and OpenMP parallel design. Large scale validations on both synthetic data and 350 ChIP-seq datasets from the ENCODE database showed that FisherMP has not only super speeds on large datasets, but also …
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Of Motor Cortex Enhances Running Performance., Seung-Bo Park, Dong Jun Sung, Bokyung Kim, Sojung Kim, Joung-Kyue Han
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Of Motor Cortex Enhances Running Performance., Seung-Bo Park, Dong Jun Sung, Bokyung Kim, Sojung Kim, Joung-Kyue Han
College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a technique used to modulate neuronal excitability through non-invasive brain stimulation that can enhance exercise performance. We hypothesize that tDCS would improve submaximal running time to exhaustion (TTE) and delay the increase in the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) over time. We also hypothesize that tDCS would not lead to difference in cardiorespiratory responses. We employed a randomized, single-blinded, and counterbalanced design in which 10 trained men participated. After receiving either 20 min of 1.98 mA anodal tDCS applied over the primary motor cortex (M1) or sham-operated control on separate days, participants completed a …
Antibodies In The Diagnosis, Prognosis, And Prediction Of Psychotic Disorders., Thomas A Pollak, Jonathan P Rogers, Robert G Nagele, Mark Peakman, James M Stone, Anthony S David, Philip Mcguire
Antibodies In The Diagnosis, Prognosis, And Prediction Of Psychotic Disorders., Thomas A Pollak, Jonathan P Rogers, Robert G Nagele, Mark Peakman, James M Stone, Anthony S David, Philip Mcguire
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research
Blood-based biomarker discovery for psychotic disorders has yet to impact upon routine clinical practice. In physical disorders antibodies have established roles as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive (theranostic) biomarkers, particularly in disorders thought to have a substantial autoimmune or infective aetiology. Two approaches to antibody biomarker identification are distinguished: a "top-down" approach, in which antibodies to specific antigens are sought based on the known function of the antigen and its putative role in the disorder, and emerging "bottom-up" or "omics" approaches that are agnostic as to the significance of any one antigen, using high-throughput arrays to identify distinctive components of the …
Cysteine Residues Contribute To The Dimerization And Enzymatic Activity Of Human Nuclear Dutp Nucleotidohydrolase (Ndut)., Shawna M Rotoli, Julia L Jones, Salvatore J Caradonna
Cysteine Residues Contribute To The Dimerization And Enzymatic Activity Of Human Nuclear Dutp Nucleotidohydrolase (Ndut)., Shawna M Rotoli, Julia L Jones, Salvatore J Caradonna
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research
dUTPase is an enzyme found in all organisms that have thymine as a constituent of DNA. Through evolution, humans have two major isoforms of dUTPase: a mitochondrial (mDut) and a nuclear (nDut) isoform. The nuclear isoform of dUTPase is a 164-amino-acids-long protein containing three cysteine residues. nDut's starting methionine is post-translationally cleaved, leaving four unique amino acids on its amino-terminus including one cysteine residue (C3). These are not present in the mitochondrial isoform (mDut). Using mass spectrometry analyses of recombinant dUTPase constructs, we have discovered an intermolecular disulfide bridge between cysteine-3 of each nDut monomer. We have found that these …
N-Terminal Domain Of Human Uracil Dna Glycosylase (Hung2) Promotes Targeting To Uracil Sites Adjacent To Ssdna-Dsdna Junctions, Brian P Weiser, Gaddiel Rodriguez, Philip A Cole, James T Stivers
N-Terminal Domain Of Human Uracil Dna Glycosylase (Hung2) Promotes Targeting To Uracil Sites Adjacent To Ssdna-Dsdna Junctions, Brian P Weiser, Gaddiel Rodriguez, Philip A Cole, James T Stivers
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research
The N-terminal domain (NTD) of nuclear human uracil DNA glycosylase (hUNG2) assists in targeting hUNG2 to replication forks through specific interactions with replication protein A (RPA). Here, we explored hUNG2 activity in the presence and absence of RPA using substrates with ssDNA-dsDNA junctions that mimic structural features of the replication fork and transcriptional R-loops. We find that when RPA is tightly bound to the ssDNA overhang of junction DNA substrates, base excision by hUNG2 is strongly biased toward uracils located 21 bp or less from the ssDNA-dsDNA junction. In the absence of RPA, hUNG2 still showed an 8-fold excision bias …
Association Between Bone-Specific Physical Activity Scores And Pqct-Derived Measures Of Bone Strength And Geometry In Healthy Young And Middle-Aged Premenopausal Women., Sojung Kim, Breanne S Baker, Pragya Sharma-Ghimire, Debra A Bemben, Michael G Bemben
Association Between Bone-Specific Physical Activity Scores And Pqct-Derived Measures Of Bone Strength And Geometry In Healthy Young And Middle-Aged Premenopausal Women., Sojung Kim, Breanne S Baker, Pragya Sharma-Ghimire, Debra A Bemben, Michael G Bemben
College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research
The aim of this study was to determine if bone-specific physical activity questionnaire (BPAQ) scores were positively related to bone health in healthy young and middle-aged premenopausal women. The total BPAQ was a stronger predictor of bone strength and bone mineral density of hip in young women as compared to middle-aged premenopausal women.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the BPAQ scores were predictive indices of volumetric BMD (vBMD), bone strength, and bone geometry in young and middle-aged premenopausal women.
METHODS: Healthy young (n = 60) and middle-aged premenopausal women (n = 54) between the ages …
Till Death Do Us Part: The Marriage Of Autophagy And Apoptosis., Katrina F Cooper
Till Death Do Us Part: The Marriage Of Autophagy And Apoptosis., Katrina F Cooper
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research
Autophagy is a widely conserved catabolic process that is necessary for maintaining cellular homeostasis under normal physiological conditions and driving the cell to switch back to this status quo under times of starvation, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. The potential similarities and differences between basal autophagy and stimulus-induced autophagy are still largely unknown. Both act by clearing aberrant or unnecessary cytoplasmic material, such as misfolded proteins, supernumerary and defective organelles. The relationship between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy is complex. Cellular ROS is predominantly derived from mitochondria. Autophagy is triggered by this event, and by clearing the defective organelles effectively, …