Digital Commons Network^™

The 'Canada Brand' In Africa: Human Rights And Environmental Conflict In Extractive Industries, Shin Imai, Sara Ghebremusse

All Papers

The first comprehensive report on the cumulative impacts of Canadian extractive industries in Africa. There are profiles of 23 Canadian companies, operating in 17 African countries, over a period of 30 years. The report contrasts company actions against international standards for corporate accountability in eight areas: Displacement of communities; Security and Violence: The North Mara Mine; Workers: Conscription, Conflict and Deadly Accidents, Corruption; Silencing Critiques and Suppressing Investigations; Extractive Industries in Conflict-Affected Areas; Environmental Impacts; Economic Diplomacy: Canadian Support to Extractive Industries.   The cumulative impacts are alarming. For example, JCAP found documentation of over 300,000 people being displaced by Canadian …

Resilience In Place Names: German-Hehe War Memories And Cultural Identity In Iringa Toponyms, Claudio G. Kisake, Sophilini M. Yisega, Spemba E. Spemba

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Toponyms, or place names, act as vital markers of historical memory, cultural identity and resilience. In Iringa, Tanzania, toponymy offers valuable insights into the enduring impacts associated with the German-Hehe War (1890–1898), and colonial encounters on indigenous communities. This study explores how place names—such as Kitanzini (‘a place with a noose for hanging people’), Ilundamatwe or Lundamatwe (‘a collection of slaughtered heads’), and Gangilonga (‘the speaking stone’)—convey narratives of Hehe war superiority, resistance, and survival. Using a qualitative approach, the research incorporates archival sources, oral histories, and linguistic analysis to investigate the stories behind naming and renaming, the role of …

Investigating The Relationship Between Noun Classes And Plant Folk Taxonomy In Chasu Language Of Kilimanjaro Region In Tanzania, Peter Rabson Mziray

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The current study investigates the relationship between noun classes and plant folk taxonomy in Chasu (G 22). The study focuses on two objectives: the first objective is to describe the plant folk taxonomy in Chasu and the second objective is to determine the relationship between noun classes and plant folk taxonomy in Chasu. Data were collected from rural villages in Same and Mwanga districts by using free listing, field interviews (jungle-walk-and-identify), and written texts containing Chasu plant names. The findings reveal that Chasu folk taxonomy reflects different ethnobotanical categories; including a unique beginner which is mmea/mimea ‘plant(s)’, and three life …

Access To Justice For Seafarers In Tanzania : Legal And Institutional Barriers, Sadath Khalipha Kibwana

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

180th Commencement University Of Notre Dame, University Of Notre Dame

Commencement Programs

• SCHEDULE OF EVENTS 4
• HEARING IMPAIRED INFORMATION 9
• GRADUATE SCHOOL 10
• MENDOZA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS GRADUATE BUSINESS 30
• GRADUATE ARCHITECTURE 36
• LAW SCHOOL 37
• UNIVERSITY COMMENCEMENT CEREMONY 40
• COLLEGE OF ARTS AND LETTERS 42
• COLLEGE OF SCIENCE 50
• COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 55
• MENDOZA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS 60
• SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE 66
• KEOUGH SCHOOL OF GLOBAL AFFAIRS 66
• VALEDICTORIAN CANDIDATES 67
• EMERITI FACULTY 67
• HONOR SOCIETIES 68
• AWARDS AND PRIZES 74
• TASSELS 98

Feasibility Study And Implementation Of Solar-Wind Energy Integration For Green Hydrogen Production At Dar Es Salaam Port, Nassibu Nassoro Kiobya

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Governance And Islam In East Africa: Muslims And The State In Kenya And Tanzania, Farouk Topan, Kai Kresse, Erin E. Stiles, Hassan Mwakimako

Exploring Muslim Contexts

Explores the relationship between Muslim communities and the State in East Africa in political, institutional and legal contexts

• Focuses on the relationship between Muslims and the State in Kenya and Tanzania
• Asks which factors, both within and outside the Muslim community, shape and affect this relationship in contemporary times
• Presents 13 case studies exploring governance issues within and across the categories of politics, institutions and law in Kenya and Tanzania
• Identifies cross-cutting issues of governance and Muslim communities which are relevant beyond East Africa

Recent studies of Muslims in Kenya and Tanzania have tended either to examine governance of Muslims …

The Killing Of Ayman Al-Zawahiri: On Its Legality And Why The U.N. Should Clarify The "Unable Or Unwilling" Doctrine, Nicholas Abraksia

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Examining The Implementation Of Insurance Law And Policies: A Study Of Natural Disaster Risks, Policyholders, And Insurance Companies In Indonesia, Dotto Koyage Philipo, Daniel Lubowa

Indonesia Law Review

This study aims to investigate the implementation of insurance laws and policies in Indonesia in the context of natural disaster risks. The study will analyse the effectiveness of existing insurance regulations and their practical implications through a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, legal frameworks, and empirical data. The study will employ a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative data with policyholders and insurance professionals, as well as quantitative data analysis from insurance industry reports. The findings will contribute to a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the current insurance framework, shedding light on potential areas for improvement. This study seeks …

Exploring The African Regional Human Rights Standards As The Basis For An Enabling Environment For Self-Managed Abortion, Lucia Berro Pizzarossa, Michelle Maziwisa, Ebenezer Durojaye

Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice

Self-managed abortion holds great promise to save lives and promote reproductive autonomy, particularly in Africa. Indeed, the African region records very high numbers of unsafe abortions, and the burden of abortion-related mortality is the highest globally. Abortion remains generally criminalized in violation of numerous internationally and regionally recognized human rights standards. The advent of abortion medicines and the increased grassroots energy geared towards curbing the harms of unsafe abortion evince medical abortion holds great promise for revolutionizing people’s access to high-quality reproductive care. This study discusses regional human rights frameworks, policy, case law, and a few representative domestic legislative frameworks …

Are Threats To Impose Financial Sanctions An Effective Approach For The United States To Protect Lgbtq Rights In Africa?, Ryan J. Mcelhose

Emory International Law Review Recent Developments

No abstract provided.

Transboundary Aquifers, Raya Marina Stephan, Alice Aureli, Aurélien Dumont, Annukka Lipponen, Sarah Tiefenauer-Linardon, Christina Fraser, Alfonso Rivera, Shammy Puri, Stefano Burchi, Gabriel Eckstein, Christian Brethaut, Ziad Khayat, Karen Villholth, Lesha Witmer, Renee Martin-Nagle, Anita Milman, Francesco Sindico, James Dalton

Faculty Scholarship

This chapter gives an overview of the status of transboundary aquifers and the cooperation related to shared groundwater resources, highlighting the complexity of the assessment, analysis and management of these systems. It summarizes the main challenges regarding transboundary aquifers and the need for more comprehensive and integrated management, which would include technical, legal and organizational aspects as well as training and cooperation.

Judicial Approaches In Plagiarism Litigation: Lessons For Universities In East Africa, Hamudi Ismail Majamba

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The escalation of plagiarism in universities and subsequent litigations by postgraduate students seeking to challenge universities’ decisions through courts of law worldwide are noticeably increasing. This article reviews trends in plagiarism-related litigations involving postgraduate students in universities in East Africa. The focus is on select universities in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. The objective is to determine the approaches that courts of law in the region, and those in other jurisdictions, have adopted in developing legal principles while determining plagiarism-related litigations. The recommendations advanced seek to assist courts in the region to determine cases in accordance with emerging and well-defined legal …

Some Reflections On The Fourth Chilean-German-Tanzanian Legal Talk, James M. Cooper

Faculty Scholarship

On December 3, 2021, the Heidelberg Center for Latin America convened a group of academicians from around the world to explore the way legal pluralism contests values (including the protection of universal human rights), disrupts our national legal systems, and provides for self-determination. The transnational webinar was co-sponsored by the University of Heidelberg and University of Bayreuth of Germany, Universidad de Chile, University of Dar Es Salaam in Tanzania, Faculdades de Campinas in Brasil, as well as California Western School of Law/Proyecto ACCESO in the United States, and the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD).

The webinar brought together participants with …

Copyright Through The Prism Of The Law And Economics Movement: A Scientific Approach, Nikos Koutras, Marinos Papadopoulos

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This paper discusses aspects of economic analysis of law developed because of the status quo existing on the Internet and of the evolution of legal theory on copyright. It also explores the massive increase of interest in the law and economics of intellectual property during the first decade of twenty-first century. The paper argues that law and economics discourse on copyright foregrounds policymaking with a focus on copyright’s economic ramifications. This paper also examines Coase’s theorem and its influence on considerations about copyright regulatory frameworks and potential reform to keep abreast of ongoing technological advancements and their impact on copyright …

Refugee Camps: In Search Of The Locus Of The Accountability Of The United Nations High Commissioner For Refugees (Unhcr) Under International Law, Zachary Lomo

PhD Dissertations

In this dissertation, I investigate the question how, and to what extent, can the office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) be held accountable, under international law, for its contribution to the harms to the environment and lives of refugees resulting from refugee encampment in refugee camps that it helps create, fund, and manage? Using data from primary and secondary sources and borrowing from certain theoretical paradigms and schools of thought, I theorise about the policy-context; the decision-making processes that produce refugee encampment; the locus of accountability for the injurious consequences of refugee encampment in refugee-hosting states …

In The Name Of Public Health: Misoprostol And The New Criminalization Of Abortion In Brazil, Mariana Prandini Assis, Joanna Erdman

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

This article explores the criminal regulation of misoprostol as a controlled drug in Brazil as a new form of abortion criminalization. A qualitative analysis of Brazilian case law shows how the courts use a public health rhetoric of unsafe abortion to criminalize the distribution of misoprostol in the informal sector. Rather than an invention of the local bench, this judicial rhetoric reflects global public health discourse and policy on unsafe abortion and the double life of misoprostol as both an essential medicine and a controlled drug. In contrast to previous studies, the article shows that abortion criminalization is not the …

ข้อคิดบางประการเกี่ยวกับแนวทางพัฒนากระบวนการระงับข้อพิพาทระหว่างรัฐกับนักลงทุน โดยอาศัยวิธีการไกล่เกลี่ย, ศฤงคาร วิเชียรรัตน์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

วิทยานิพนธ์ฉบับนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาปัญหาของการอนุญาโตตุลาการระหว่างรัฐกับนักลงทุน หลักการสำคัญและแนวทางการนำวิธีการไกล่เกลี่ยข้อพิพาทมาใช้ในการระงับ ข้อพิพาทระหว่างรัฐกับนักลงทุน จากหนังสือและบทความวิชาการต่าง ๆ เพื่อวิเคราะห์ประเด็นในทางกฎหมายระหว่างประเทศที่น่าสนใจหากนำการไกล่เกลี่ยข้อพิพาทมาเสริม เพื่อพัฒนากลไกการระงับข้อพิพาทระหว่างรัฐกับนักลงทุน โดยจากการศึกษาพบว่า การนำวิธีการไกล่เกลี่ยในเชิงอำนวยความสะดวก (facilitative mediation) มาใช้อย่างเหมาะสม กับลักษณะของข้อพิพาทจะช่วยพัฒนากลไกการระงับข้อพิพาทระหว่างรัฐกับนักลงทุนให้ดีขึ้นได้ เนื่องจากการไกล่เกลี่ยจะช่วยลดปัญหาสำคัญที่เกิดขึ้นในกระบวนการอนุญาโตตุลาการระหว่างรัฐกับนักลงทุน เช่น ปัญหาเกี่ยวกับการแต่งตั้งอนุญาโตตุลาการ ปัญหาการได้รับการสนับสนุนทางการเงินจากบุคคลภายนอก ปัญหาเกี่ยวกับระยะเวลาและค่าใช้จ่าย เป็นต้น ทั้งนี้ เพื่อให้ประเทศไทยสามารถเตรียมการรองรับพัฒนาการทางกฎหมายระหว่างประเทศต่อไปได้ ผู้วิจัยจึงมีข้อเสนอแนะให้ประเทศไทยมีการเสริมสร้างขีดความสามารถ และความตระหนักรู้ให้กับผู้มีส่วนเกี่ยวข้อง การปรับปรุงกฎหมายว่าด้วยการไกล่เกลี่ยข้อพิพาท รวมถึงการเข้าเป็นภาคีอนุสัญญาสิงคโปร์ว่าด้วยการไกล่เกลี่ยและการปรับปรุง แม่แบบสนธิสัญญาการลงทุนทวิภาคีของไทยที่มีการบรรจุวิธีการไกล่เกลี่ยไว้เป็นแนวทางในการระงับข้อพิพาทระหว่างรัฐกับนักลงทุน

Inclusive And Implementable Legal Rules For E-Commerce: A Comparative Study Of Indonesia And Vietnam, Ngoc Nguyen Thi Bich, Phan Quoc Nguyen

Indonesia Law Review

Both Vietnam and Indonesia have large populations that promise major markets for e-commerce. The two nations record high internet coverage and large numbers of social media users. Recently, the countries have been trying to support e-commerce with new legal rules. In November 2019, Indonesia’s government introduced Government Regulation No. 80 of 2019 on Trading through Electronic Systems (GR 80, 2019). GR 80 requires e-commerce businesses to obtain business licenses, report taxes, and preserve consumer protections and rights. Similarly, Vietnam has issued a number of resolutions and guidelines since its Decree on E-Commerce in 2013 (Decree No. 52/2013/NĐ-CP). While these legal …

Access To Educational Publications And The Copyright Law In Tanzania: Revisiting The Underlying Opposing Interests, Saudin J. Mwakaje

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

In Tanzania, the right to education is guaranteed under the Constitution. For such a right to be effective, easy access to educational publications is a key factor. However, these publications are a subject of copyright protection; hence users must obtain prior permission before use. The copyright law has provisions for free use or fair use, which is intended to allow certain prescribed uses without prior authorization of the author, such as use for educational purposes. In Tanzania, the enactment of the Copyright and Neighbouring Rights (Licensing of Reproduction and Rental Rights) Regulations in 2014 has presented a new legal dynamic …

The Impact Of Hiring For Passion In Specialization On The Creativity And Development Of Companies In Mena, Radwan Choughri, Moetaz Soubjaki

AAU Journal of Business and Law مجلة جامعة العين للأعمال والقانون

The objective of this study was to highlight the importance of hiring for passion toward specialty and its impact on the creativity and development of companies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). The sample was taken from the following countries: Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Qatar, Jordan, Egypt, Algeria and Tunisia. This study summarized the importance of passion in work and its reflection on the performance of employees and how to consider this criterion seriously in the selection of candidates and internal promotions and how it reflects the improvement of the performance, creativity and development of organizations. The …

Refugee Extractivism: Law And The Mining Of A Human Commodity In The Republic Of Nauru, Julia Morris

Saint Louis University Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Identifying And Implementing Relevant Research Data Management Services For The Library At The University Of Dodoma, Tanzania, Gilbert Exaud Mushi, Heila Pienaar, Martie Van Deventer

Copyright, Fair Use, Scholarly Communication, etc.

Research Data Management (RDM) services are increasingly becoming a subject of interest for academic and research libraries globally – this is also the case in developing countries. The interest is motivated by a need to support research activities through data sharing and collaboration both locally and internationally. Many institutions, especially in the developed countries, have implemented RDM services to accelerate research and innovation through e-Research but extensive RDM is not so common in developing countries. In reality many African universities and research institutions are yet to implement the most basic of data management services. We believe that the absence of …

Exemplary Legal Writing 2019: Five Recommendations, G. Edward White, Sarah Seo

Faculty Scholarship

In the song “Natalie Cook” from the musical podcast “36 Questions,” a married couple deals with the fallout from the husband’s discovery that his wife is really an individual named Judith, who “built a past / Made up a history / Details that fit this person named / Natalie.” When the husband accuses the wife, “You’re the one who made her up,” Natalie/Judith responds, “It was a bit more collaborative than you’re remembering.”

Africa And The Radical Origins Of The Right To Development, James T. Gathii

Faculty Publications & Other Works

This article builds on my earlier scholarship on African approaches to international law through examining the evolution of the right to development. Previously, I identified two approaches to international law in Africa – a contibutionist (or weak) approach and a critical (or strong) approach. Through analysis of the tight to development in the work of two eminent Senegalist jurists, Doudou Thiam and Keba Mbaye, I show that while Thiam adopts a radical stance that falls within the realm of critical approaches, Mbaye charts a third way: One that shares aspects of both approaches but has distinct characteristics of its own. …

A Sinking World: A Model Framework For Climate Change Adaptation Measures In Coastal Cities, Emma Rose

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Climate change has already begun wreaking havoc on coastal communities across the globe, including Miami, Venice, and the Philippines. Adaptation mechanisms may be the most powerful weapons these communities have to combat sea level rise and the other disastrous effects of a warming planet. However, these adaptation programs must fit within each nation's unique federal and local regulatory schemes. Additionally, when they are funded by the federal government or foreign sources, these communities may have to sacrifice some autonomy over their implementation. While adaptation strategies can be broken down into three primary modes--resistance, transformation, and retreat--the most effective combination of …

Of Sustainable Development In Africa: Addressing The (In)Congruence Of Plastic Bag Regulations With International Trade Rules, Regis Y, Simo

Brooklyn Journal of International Law

Several aspects of the trade policies of African countries suffer from neglect in the legal literature. When they are the object of research, the focus is sometimes limited to their participation in the dispute settlement system or on the enforceability of special and differential treatment provisions. While practice displays that African countries have almost never been the target of complaints for a number a reasons, those approaches do not always take into consideration African countries’ domestic measures affecting the flow of goods and services, which could eventually trigger disputes. This paper intends to fill that gap and add to the …

Reverse Contributors? African State Parties, Icsid, And The Development Of International Investment Law, Olabisi D. Akinkugbe

Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press

International investment disputes involving African states before the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) have generated significant critical inquiry. Yet, accounts of their contribution to the development of international investment law as a result of these dispute are limited. This article addresses this gap. It examines the contribution of some of the high-profile ICSID disputes involving African states to the development of international investment law. Notwithstanding the charges against African States in ICSID, I contend that the involvement of African States in ICSID Disputes has contributed to the development of international investment law. In particular, the jurisprudence that …

Saudi Arabia And Regional Cooperation Agreements Against Transnational Maritime Crime : Recaap And Dcoc In Perspective, Feras Alsulaiman

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of Two Smart Cities: Singapore & Atlanta, Karen Johnston

Journal of Comparative Urban Law and Policy

This paper compares Singapore's top-ranked smart city strategy to Atlanta, Georgia, a city that does not make a top smart city ranking but boasts internationally recognized smart city projects.